Article ; Online: Development, Epigenetics and Metabolic Programming.
Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series
2016 Volume 85, Page(s) 71–80
Abstract: It is now widely recognized that the environment in early life can have important effects on human growth and development, including the 'programming' of far-reaching effects on the risk of developing common metabolic and other noncommunicable diseases ... ...
Abstract | It is now widely recognized that the environment in early life can have important effects on human growth and development, including the 'programming' of far-reaching effects on the risk of developing common metabolic and other noncommunicable diseases in later life. We have shown that greater childhood adiposity is associated with higher maternal adiposity, low maternal vitamin D status, excessive gestational weight gain and short duration of breast-feeding; maternal dietary patterns in pregnancy and vitamin D status have been linked with childhood bone mineral content and muscle function. Human studies have identified fetal liver blood flow adaptations and epigenetic changes as potential mechanisms that could link maternal influences with offspring body composition. In experimental studies, there is now substantial evidence that the environment during early life induces altered phenotypes through epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histones and non-coding RNAs, can induce changes in gene expression without a change in DNA base sequence. Such processes are involved in cell differentiation and genomic imprinting, as well as the phenomenon of developmental plasticity in response to environmental influences. Elucidation of such epigenetic processes may enable early intervention strategies to improve early development and growth. |
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MeSH term(s) | Adiposity ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child Development ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Diet, Healthy ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Human Development ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Models, Biological ; Pregnancy |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2016-04-18 |
Publishing country | Switzerland |
Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review |
ISSN | 1664-2155 |
ISSN (online) | 1664-2155 |
DOI | 10.1159/000439488 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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