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Article ; Online: Evaluating the Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe programme, what's worked and what more needs to be done?

Mullick, Saiqa / Cowan, Frances M

2022 Volume 36, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) S1–S3

Abstract: This paper is a commentary framing a series of papers on the evaluation of several aspects of the Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe (DREAMS) programme. The paper highlights the scope and challenges with evaluating a large, ... ...

Abstract	This paper is a commentary framing a series of papers on the evaluation of several aspects of the Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe (DREAMS) programme. The paper highlights the scope and challenges with evaluating a large, complex and ambitious programme like DREAMS.
MeSH term(s)	HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639076-6
ISSN	1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
ISSN (online)	1473-5571
ISSN	0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
DOI	10.1097/QAD.0000000000003277
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Article ; Online: Person-centered HIV PrEP for cisgender women.

Shahmanesh, Maryam / Chimbindi, Natsayi / Cowan, Frances M

Nature medicine

2023 Volume 29, Issue 11, Page(s) 2707–2708

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Male ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Homosexuality, Male ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1220066-9
ISSN	1546-170X ; 1078-8956
ISSN (online)	1546-170X
ISSN	1078-8956
DOI	10.1038/s41591-023-02618-8
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Zs.A 4212: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: The predictive role of brain magnetic resonance imaging in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Cizmeci, Mehmet N / Martinez-Biarge, Miriam / Cowan, Frances M

Pediatric research

2023 Volume 95, Issue 3, Page(s) 601–602

MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/pathology ; Head ; Hypothermia, Induced
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	4411-8
ISSN	1530-0447 ; 0031-3998
ISSN (online)	1530-0447
ISSN	0031-3998
DOI	10.1038/s41390-023-02732-w
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Zs.A 564: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Uncomplicated intraventricular hemorrhage is not associated with lower estimated cerebral volume at term age.

Graça, André M / Cowan, Frances M

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society

2021 Volume 31, Page(s) 15–20

Abstract: Background and aims: Cerebral lesions detected using cerebral ultrasound (cUS) in very preterm infants are associated with increased risk for neurodevelopmental problems. However, uncomplicated intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has no consistent ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Cerebral lesions detected using cerebral ultrasound (cUS) in very preterm infants are associated with increased risk for neurodevelopmental problems. However, uncomplicated intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has no consistent association with poor outcome. In this study we evaluate the effect of uncomplicated IVH on estimated brain volume at term-equivalent age (TEA), using a model based on measurements made from cUS. Methods: We studied 2 groups of preterm infants (<32 weeks' gestational age (GA)) up to and at TEA: (1) infants with uncomplicated grades 2 or 3 IVH, (2) infants with consistently normal scans. Estimated cerebral volumes at TEA were calculated using a previously described model based on linear measurements and compared between the 2 groups using independent groups t-test or the Mann-Whitney test; p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: We assessed 95 preterm infants (18 with uncomplicated IVH and 71 with normal scans). GA and birth weight were lower in infants with uncomplicated IVH (26.8/28.7weeks, p < 0.001, 944/1082g, p < 0.05, respectively); occipital-frontal circumference at TEA was smaller in the IVH infants (34.2 vs 35.3 cm, p < 0.05). However, no significant differences at TEA were found for estimated cranial volume (383/411cc Conclusions: In summary, we found that estimated cerebral volume at TEA, based on measurements made at the bedside using cranial US, is not different between very preterm infants with consistently normal scans and those with uncomplicated grades 2 and 3 IVH.
MeSH term(s)	Birth Weight ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/growth & development ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/complications ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/growth & development ; Male ; Ultrasonography/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1397146-3
ISSN	1532-2130 ; 1090-3798
ISSN (online)	1532-2130
ISSN	1090-3798
DOI	10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.01.002
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Zs.A 4867: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 641: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Neurological assessment tool for screening infants during the first year after birth: The Brief-Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination.

Romeo, Domenico M / Velli, Chiara / Sini, Francesca / Pede, Elisa / Cicala, Graziamaria / Cowan, Frances M / Ricci, Daniela / Brogna, Claudia / Mercuri, Eugenio

Developmental medicine and child neurology

2024

Abstract: Aim: To develop a short version of the original Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) to be used as a screening tool (Brief-HINE) and to establish if the short examination maintains good accuracy and predictive power for detecting infants ... ...

Abstract	Aim: To develop a short version of the original Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) to be used as a screening tool (Brief-HINE) and to establish if the short examination maintains good accuracy and predictive power for detecting infants with cerebral palsy (CP). Method: Eleven items were selected from the original HINE ('visual response'; 'trunk posture'; 'movement quantity'; 'movement quality'; 'scarf sign'; 'hip adductor angles'; 'popliteal angle'; 'pull to sit'; 'lateral tilting'; 'forward parachute reaction'; 'tendon reflexes') identifying those items previously found to be more predictive of CP in both low- and high-risk infants. In order to establish the sensitivity of the new module, the selected items were applied to existing data, previously obtained using the full HINE at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, in 228 infants with typical development at 2 years and in 82 infants who developed CP. Results: Brief-HINE scores showed good sensitivity and specificity, at each age of assessment, for detecting infants with CP. At 3 months, a score of less than 22 was associated with CP with a sensitivity of 0.88 and a specificity of 0.92; at 6, 9, and 12 months, the cut-off scores were less than 25 (sensitivity 0.93; specificity 0.87), less than 27 (sensitivity 0.95; specificity 0.81), and less than 27 (sensitivity 1; specificity 0.86) respectively. The presence of more than one warning sign, or items that are not optimal for the age of assessment, imply the need for a full examination reassessment. Interpretation: These findings support the validity of the Brief-HINE as a routine screening method and the possibility of its use in clinical practice.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80369-8
ISSN	1469-8749 ; 0012-1622
ISSN (online)	1469-8749
ISSN	0012-1622
DOI	10.1111/dmcn.15871
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Article ; Online: Cerebellar growth, volume and diffusivity in children cooled for neonatal encephalopathy without cerebral palsy.

Wu, Chelsea Q / Cowan, Frances M / Jary, Sally / Thoresen, Marianne / Chakkarapani, Ela / Spencer, Arthur P C

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 14869

Abstract: Children cooled for HIE and who did not develop cerebral palsy (CP) still underperform at early school age in motor and cognitive domains and have altered supra-tentorial brain volumes and white matter connectivity. We obtained T1-weighted and diffusion- ... ...

Abstract	Children cooled for HIE and who did not develop cerebral palsy (CP) still underperform at early school age in motor and cognitive domains and have altered supra-tentorial brain volumes and white matter connectivity. We obtained T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI, motor (MABC-2) and cognitive (WISC-IV) scores from children aged 6-8 years who were cooled for HIE secondary to perinatal asphyxia without CP (cases), and controls matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. In 35 case children, we measured cerebellar growth from infancy (age 4-15 days after birth) to childhood. In childhood, cerebellar volumes were measured in 26 cases and 23 controls. Diffusion properties (mean diffusivity, MD and fractional anisotropy, FA) were calculated in 24 cases and 19 controls, in 9 cerebellar regions. Cases with FSIQ ≤ 85 had reduced growth of cerebellar width compared to those with FSIQ > 85 (p = 0.0005). Regional cerebellar volumes were smaller in cases compared to controls (p < 0.05); these differences were not significant when normalised to total brain volume. There were no case-control differences in MD or FA. Interposed nucleus volume was more strongly associated with IQ in cases than in controls (p = 0.0196). Other associations with developmental outcome did not differ between cases and controls.
MeSH term(s)	Infant, Newborn ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Child ; Humans ; Cerebral Palsy/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Diseases ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebellum/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-41838-3
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Article ; Online: Author Correction: Cerebellar growth, volume and diffusivity in children cooled for neonatal encephalopathy without cerebral palsy.

Wu, Chelsea Q / Cowan, Frances M / Jary, Sally / Thoresen, Marianne / Chakkarapani, Ela / Spencer, Arthur P C

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 23106

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-49211-0
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Article ; Online: Posthemorrhagic perils of prematurity.

Myers, Gary J / Cowan, Frances M

Neurology

2018 Volume 90, Issue 8, Page(s) 351–352

MeSH term(s)	Dilatation ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	207147-2
ISSN	1526-632X ; 0028-3878
ISSN (online)	1526-632X
ISSN	0028-3878
DOI	10.1212/WNL.0000000000005007
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Article ; Online: Cerebral palsy after very preterm birth - an imaging perspective.

Gano, Dawn / Cowan, Frances M / de Vries, Linda S

Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine

2020 Volume 25, Issue 3, Page(s) 101106

Abstract: Neonatal brain imaging undoubtedly can provide the most accurate information from which to determine whether cerebral palsy is likely to affect an individual infant born preterm. The sensitivity and specificity of that information is different between ... ...

Abstract	Neonatal brain imaging undoubtedly can provide the most accurate information from which to determine whether cerebral palsy is likely to affect an individual infant born preterm. The sensitivity and specificity of that information is different between cranial ultrasound and MRI, depending on what approaches and sequences are used and the timing of the examinations. In this chapter we highlight the changing incidence of different patterns of brain injury in the preterm newborn and present a comparison of cranial ultrasound and MRI for predicting cerebral palsy in preterm infants affected by the commoner intracranial pathologies.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Injuries/complications ; Brain Injuries/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Injuries/epidemiology ; Cerebral Palsy/diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Palsy/epidemiology ; Cerebral Palsy/etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Echoencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2174416-6
ISSN	1878-0946 ; 1744-165X
ISSN (online)	1878-0946
ISSN	1744-165X
DOI	10.1016/j.siny.2020.101106
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Article ; Online: Factors motivating female sex workers to initiate pre- exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention in Zimbabwe.

Nhamo, Definate / Duma, Sinegugu E / Ojewole, Elizabeth B / Chibanda, Dixon / Cowan, Frances M

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 7, Page(s) e0264470

Abstract: Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) have a 26 times greater chance of HIV infection compared to the women in the general population. The World Health Organization recommends pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for population groups with an HIV incidence ... ...

Abstract	Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) have a 26 times greater chance of HIV infection compared to the women in the general population. The World Health Organization recommends pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for population groups with an HIV incidence of 3% or higher and FSWs in southern Africa fit this criteria. This study sought to understand factors that motivate FSWs to initiate PrEP, in Harare, Zimbabwe. Methods: We purposively selected and recruited 20 FSWs to participate in the study in-order to gain an in-depth understanding of factors that motivate FSWs to initiate PrEP in Harare, Zimbabwe. We identified FSW who had been initiated on PrEP at a specialized clinic providing comprehensive sexual reproductive health (SRH) services for sex workers including HIV prevention options. We used a descriptive phenomenological approach to collect and analyze the data. Data was analyzed using Colaizzi's seven steps to analyze data. Findings: Two broad themes were identified as intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. The two broad themes each have several sub-themes. The sub-themes under intrinsic motivation were (i) Self- protection from HIV infection and (ii) condoms bursting. Six sub-themes were identified as external motivators for initiating PrEP, these included (i) occupational risk associated with sex work, (ii) increased chance of offering unprotected sex as a motivator to initiate PrEP, (iii) positive encouragement from others (iv) need to take care of the children and (v) prior participation in HIV prevention research studies and (vi) Gender Based Violence. Conclusions: Understanding the factors that motivate FSWs to initiate PrEP is critical in developing contextually appropriate strategies to promote PrEP initiation and adherence strategies within specific and eligible populations for receiving PrEP according to the WHO guidelines (2015).
MeSH term(s)	Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Condoms ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis ; Sex Workers ; Zimbabwe/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0264470
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