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Article ; Online: Short treatment duration for community-acquired pneumonia.

Dinh, Aurélien / Crémieux, Anne-Claude / Guillemot, Didier

2023 Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 140–145

Abstract: Purpose of review: Lower respiratory tract infections are one of the most common indications for antibiotic use in community and hospital settings. Usual guidelines for adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) recommend 5-7 days of antibiotic ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Lower respiratory tract infections are one of the most common indications for antibiotic use in community and hospital settings. Usual guidelines for adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) recommend 5-7 days of antibiotic treatment. In daily practice, physicians often prescribe 9-10 days of antibiotic treatment. Among available strategies to decrease antibiotic use, possibly preventing the emergence of bacterial resistance, reducing treatment durations is the safest and the most acceptable to clinicians. We aim to review data evaluating the efficacy of short antibiotic duration in adult CAP and which criteria can help clinicians to reduce antibiotic treatment. Recent findings: Several studies and meta-analyses demonstrated that the treatment duration of 7 days or less was sufficient for CAP. Two trials found that 3-day treatments were effective, even in hospitalized CAP.To customize and shorten duration, clinical and biological criteria have been studied and reflect patient's response. Indeed, stability criteria were recently shown to be effective to discontinue antibiotic treatment. Procalcitonin was also studied but never compared with clinical criteria. Summary: Treatment duration for CAP is still under debate, but several studies support short durations. Clinical criteria could be possibly used to discontinue antibiotic treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Duration of Therapy ; Pneumonia/drug therapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	645085-4
ISSN	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877 ; 0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
ISSN (online)	1473-6527 ; 1535-3877
ISSN	0951-7375 ; 1355-834X
DOI	10.1097/QCO.0000000000000908
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Article: Prosthesis joint infections: contributions of experimental models to understanding the limitations of antibiotic efficacy and optimization of medical treatment.

Crémieux, Anne-Claude

Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine

2016 Volume 200, Issue 2, Page(s) 291–305

Abstract: Post-operative infection remains the main complication of prosthetic joint replacement, since its inception by Robert and Jean Judet in 1947. Because the number ofjoint prostheses implanted annually is increasing substantially, these infections are ... ...

Abstract	Post-operative infection remains the main complication of prosthetic joint replacement, since its inception by Robert and Jean Judet in 1947. Because the number ofjoint prostheses implanted annually is increasing substantially, these infections are becoming more-and- more common and optimizing their management is an important issue for medical and economic reasons. Prosthetic joint infections are a good model for understanding the limitations of in vivo antibiotic eficacy. Antibiotic therapy faces a duel challenge: (i) the difficulty of eradicating the bacteria in contact with a prosthesis, partly due to the metabolic state of the bacteria enclosed within the biofilm (ii) the poor difusion of antibiotics into the infected cortical bone, as revealed autoradiographically in an experimental model of prosthetic joint infection due to staphylococcus, the main bacterium responsible for these infections. The " natural " emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, even though they have not been subject to antibiotic-selection pressure, was observed more recently in the same model. The optimal management of these infections requires medico-surgical treat- ment using, whenever possible, antibiotics like rifampin combined with another antimicro- bial, whose remarkable efficacy was demonstrated in experimental models of staphylococ- cal infections.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; Joint Prosthesis/adverse effects ; Osteomyelitis/drug therapy ; Osteomyelitis/microbiology ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/drug therapy ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	213227-8
ISSN	0001-4079
ISSN	0001-4079
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Article ; Online: Efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam in various combinations for the treatment of experimental osteomyelitis in rabbits caused by OXA-48-/ESBL-producing Escherichia coli.

Davido, Benjamin / Crémieux, Anne-Claude / Vaugier, Isabelle / De Truchis, Pierre / Hamami, Kamel / Laurent, Frédéric / Saleh-Mghir, Azzam

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

2023 Volume 78, Issue 5, Page(s) 1211–1218

Abstract: Background: While the treatment of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales osteomyelitis relies on carbapenems, the optimal regimen for OXA48 types remains unclear. We evaluated the efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam in different combinations in an experimental ... ...

Abstract	Background: While the treatment of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales osteomyelitis relies on carbapenems, the optimal regimen for OXA48 types remains unclear. We evaluated the efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam in different combinations in an experimental model of OXA-48-/ESBL-producing Escherichia coli osteomyelitis. Methods: E. coli pACYC184 is a clinical strain harbouring blaOXA-48 and blaCTX-M-15 inserts, with 'increased exposure susceptibility' to imipenem (MIC, 2 mg/L), gentamicin (MIC, 0.5 mg/L), colistin (MIC, 0.25 mg/L), ceftazidime/avibactam (MIC, 0.094 mg/L) and fosfomycin (MIC, 1 mg/L), and resistance to ceftazidime (MIC, 16 mg/L). Osteomyelitis was induced in rabbits by tibial injection of 2 × 108 cfu of OXA-48/ESBL E. coli. Treatment started 14 days later for 7 days in six groups: (1) control, (2) colistin 150.000 IU/kg subcutaneously (SC) q8h, (3) ceftazidime/avibactam 100/25 mg/kg SC q8h, (4) ceftazidime/avibactam + colistin, (5) ceftazidime/avibactam + fosfomycin 150 mg/kg SC q12h, (6) ceftazidime/avibactam + gentamicin 15 mg/kg intramuscularly (IM) q24h. Treatment was evaluated at Day 24 according to bone cultures. Results: In vitro, time-kill curves of ceftazidime/avibactam in combination showed a synergistic effect. In vivo, compared with controls, rabbits treated with colistin alone had similar bone bacterial density (P = 0.50), whereas ceftazidime/avibactam alone or in combinations significantly decreased bone bacterial densities (P = 0.004 and P < 0.0002, respectively). Bone sterilization was achieved using ceftazidime/avibactam in combination with colistin (91%) or fosfomycin (100%) or gentamicin (100%) (P < 0.0001), whereas single therapies were not different from controls. No ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant strains emerged in rabbits treated, regardless of the combination. Conclusions: In our model of E. coli OXA-48/ESBL osteomyelitis, ceftazidime/avibactam in combination was more effective than any single therapy, whatever the companion drug used (gentamicin or colistin or fosfomycin).
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Rabbits ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Escherichia coli ; Fosfomycin/therapeutic use ; Fosfomycin/pharmacology ; Colistin/pharmacology ; beta-Lactamases/pharmacology ; Azabicyclo Compounds/pharmacology ; Drug Combinations ; Gentamicins/pharmacology ; Osteomyelitis/drug therapy ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; avibactam (7352665165) ; Fosfomycin (2N81MY12TE) ; Colistin (Z67X93HJG1) ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; Azabicyclo Compounds ; Drug Combinations ; Gentamicins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	191709-2
ISSN	1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
ISSN (online)	1460-2091
ISSN	0305-7453
DOI	10.1093/jac/dkad070
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Article ; Online: Reasons for Litigation in Arthroplasty Infections and Lessons Learned.

Senard, Olivia / Houselstein, Thierry / Crémieux, Anne-Claude

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume

2019 Volume 101, Issue 20, Page(s) 1806–1811

Abstract: Background: Infections complicate a minority of orthopaedic arthroplasties but are the leading cause of malpractice claims. The basis for the claims is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify the main deviations from current recommendations ...

Abstract	Background: Infections complicate a minority of orthopaedic arthroplasties but are the leading cause of malpractice claims. The basis for the claims is unclear. The objective of this study was to identify the main deviations from current recommendations by reviewing patient files recorded by a major French medical liability-specialized insurance company for private practitioners (MACSF [Mutuelle d'Assurance du Corps de Santé Français]) and to analyze legal claims and outcomes of litigation. Methods: All claims data for periprosthetic joint infections were analyzed retrospectively from 2010 to 2014. Treatment strategies were compared with therapeutic guidelines published by medical societies. Results: Forty-five claims for periprosthetic joint infection were recorded; 82% of patients were men and the mean patient age was 63 years. Twenty-one patients (47%) had a knee arthroplasty, 21 had a hip arthroplasty, 2 had a shoulder arthroplasty, and 1 had an ankle arthroplasty. Twenty-three infections (51%) occurred within 1 month postoperatively. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from intraoperative samples in 36% of the cases (including 25% of these with methicillin-resistant strains), and coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated in 51% (44% methicillin-resistant strains) of the cases. Treatment lasted for a median of 9.5 months (range, 1.5 to 96 months), with a median of 6 months (range, 1.5 to 20 months) of antibiotics and 3 surgical procedures (range, 0 to 7 surgical procedures). A total of 18% of patients had antibiotic-related side effects, 2% of patients died, and 76% of patients had persistent sequelae. An infectious disease specialist's advice was required for 56% of the patients. Discordances with therapeutic guidelines were found in 76% of the patient files, including delay in diagnosis (44%) and inadequate medical treatment (18%) or medico-surgical treatment (13%). Conclusions: Late diagnosis of early postoperative infections appears to be the major cause of inappropriate management and malpractice litigation. Discordance with current guidelines was identified. Early consultation with an infectious disease specialist may help to reduce malpractice claims. Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis/statistics & numerical data ; Arthroplasty, Replacement/instrumentation ; Arthroplasty, Replacement/legislation & jurisprudence ; Female ; France/epidemiology ; Guideline Adherence ; Humans ; Joint Prosthesis/adverse effects ; Jurisprudence ; Male ; Malpractice/legislation & jurisprudence ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Surgeons/legislation & jurisprudence ; Orthopedic Surgeons/statistics & numerical data ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/epidemiology ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/prevention & control ; Reoperation/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	220625-0
ISSN	1535-1386 ; 0021-9355
ISSN (online)	1535-1386
ISSN	0021-9355
DOI	10.2106/JBJS.19.00101
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Article ; Online: Eosinopenia to differentiate crystal-induced and septic arthritis.

Vigouroux, Agathe / Ostertag, Agnes / Crémieux, Anne-Claude / Bardin, Thomas / Latourte, Augustin / Ea, Hang-Korng / Richette, Pascal

Annals of the rheumatic diseases

2022 Volume 81, Issue 8, Page(s) 1201–1202

MeSH term(s)	Arthritis/diagnosis ; Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; Synovial Fluid
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Letter
ZDB-ID	7090-7
ISSN	1468-2060 ; 0003-4967
ISSN (online)	1468-2060
ISSN	0003-4967
DOI	10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222322
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Article ; Online: Efficacy of ceftazidime-avibactam in various combinations for the treatment of experimental osteomyelitis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Davido, Benjamin / Crémieux, Anne-Claude / Vaugier, Isabelle / Gatin, Laure / Noussair, Latifa / Massias, Laurent / Laurent, Frederic / Saleh-Mghir, Azzam

International journal of antimicrobial agents

2022 Volume 61, Issue 1, Page(s) 106702

Abstract: Background: Optimal treatment of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) bone infections is poorly defined. This study evaluated the efficacy of the novel beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor-ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI)-with different ... ...

Abstract	Background: Optimal treatment of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) bone infections is poorly defined. This study evaluated the efficacy of the novel beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor-ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI)-with different antibiotic combinations in an experimental model of CPE osteomyelitis. Methods: KPC-99YC is a clinical strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with intermediate susceptibility to meropenem (MIC 4 mg/L), gentamicin (MIC 0.25 mg/L), colistin (MIC 0.25 mg/L), fosfomycin (MIC 4 mg/L) and ceftazidime-avibactam (MIC 1 mg/L). Time-kill curves were performed at 4x MIC. Osteomyelitis was induced in rabbits by tibial injection of 2×10 Results: In vitro, CAZ-AVI plus colistin or gentamicin were rapidly bactericidal in contrast with CAZ-AVI plus fosfomycin. In vivo, compared with controls, colistin alone (P = 0.045) and CAZ-AVI alone or in combination significantly lowered bone bacterial counts (P < 0.001). Bone sterilisation was achieved in 67% and 100% of animals with combinations of CAZ-AVI plus colistin or gentamicin (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) whereas other treatments were no different from controls. CAZ-AVI plus gentamicin provided greater bone bacterial reduction than CAZ-AVI plus colistin (P = 0.033). No CAZ-AVI-resistant strains emerged in treated rabbits, regardless of combination. Conclusions: CAZ-AVI plus gentamicin was the best effective combination therapy. Combinations with CAZ-AVI appear to be a promising treatment of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae osteomyelitis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Azabicyclo Compounds/therapeutic use ; Azabicyclo Compounds/pharmacology ; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; beta-Lactamases/metabolism ; Ceftazidime/therapeutic use ; Ceftazidime/pharmacology ; Colistin/therapeutic use ; Colistin/pharmacology ; Drug Combinations ; Fosfomycin/therapeutic use ; Fosfomycin/pharmacology ; Gentamicins/therapeutic use ; Klebsiella Infections/drug therapy ; Klebsiella Infections/microbiology ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzymology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Osteomyelitis/drug therapy ; Osteomyelitis/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; avibactam, ceftazidime drug combination ; Azabicyclo Compounds ; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; carbapenemase (EC 3.5.2.6) ; Ceftazidime (9M416Z9QNR) ; Colistin (Z67X93HJG1) ; Drug Combinations ; Fosfomycin (2N81MY12TE) ; Gentamicins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1093977-5
ISSN	1872-7913 ; 0924-8579
ISSN (online)	1872-7913
ISSN	0924-8579
DOI	10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106702
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Article ; Online: Implementation of Nurse-Driven HIV Screening Targeting Key Populations in Emergency Departments: A Multilevel Analysis From the DICI-VIH Trial.

Leblanc, Judith / Côté, José / Pagé, M Gabrielle / Piquet, Hélène / Simon, Tabassome / Crémieux, Anne-Claude

Worldviews on evidence-based nursing

2019 Volume 16, Issue 6, Page(s) 444–453

Abstract: Background: In countries with concentrated HIV epidemics, optimizing screening to reach individuals with undiagnosed infection is essential. The DICI-VIH study, a cluster-randomized crossover trial conducted in eight French emergency departments (EDs), ... ...

Abstract	Background: In countries with concentrated HIV epidemics, optimizing screening to reach individuals with undiagnosed infection is essential. The DICI-VIH study, a cluster-randomized crossover trial conducted in eight French emergency departments (EDs), found that a strategy combining nurse-driven targeted HIV screening with routine diagnostic testing was effective. Aim: The aim was to investigate factors associated with the implementation of HIV screening targeting key populations in EDs. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed at registration to patients aged 18-64 years and able to give consent during the DICI-VIH intervention. Based on their responses, those belonging to key populations were offered a rapid test by triage nurses. Two key stages of the process were evaluated: questionnaire distribution by providers and test acceptance by patients. Patient information, daily workload, and ED characteristics were collected. The associations between these variables and (a) the proportion of questionnaires distributed and (b) the proportion of tests accepted were evaluated using multilevel modeling in order to examine differences in screening implementation between EDs. Results: Questionnaire distribution proportions varied from 23% to 48% across EDs. They were higher on weekdays than weekends (odds ratio, OR: 3.77; 95% CI: 3.57-3.99) and when research staff participated (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.26-1.37). They decreased over time (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.71-0.82; 4th [Q3] vs. 1st quartile [Q0] of intervention days) and with increased patient flow (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.56-0.67; Q3 vs. Q0 of eligible patients). Test acceptance varied from 64% to 77% across EDs, increased with research staff participation (OR 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03-1.40), and decreased over time (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60-0.92; Q3 vs. Q0). Patients who accepted were more likely to be younger (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.61-0.96; 50-64-year-old vs. 30-39-year-old patients). Linking evidence to action: Patient flow, intervention duration, weekdays, and research staff participation were important determinants of targeted screening implementation. These findings could help guide future implementation in similar settings.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration ; Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; France ; HIV Infections/psychology ; Health Promotion/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening/methods ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2401967-7
ISSN	1741-6787 ; 1545-102X
ISSN (online)	1741-6787
ISSN	1545-102X
DOI	10.1111/wvn.12393
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Article: The National Academy of Medicine facing Covid-19.

Berche, Patrick / Brugère-Picoux, Jeanne / Buisson, Yves / Crémieux, Anne-Claude / Dubois, Gérard / Houssin, Didier / Kerouedan, Dominique / Rouzioux, Christine

Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine

2020 Volume 204, Issue 9, Page(s) e1–e2

Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-15
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	213227-8
ISSN	0001-4079
ISSN	0001-4079
DOI	10.1016/j.banm.2020.12.006
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Article ; Online: Honey, I Shrunk the Antibiotic Therapy.

Dinh, Aurélien / Davido, Benjamin / Bouchand, Frédérique / Duran, Clara / Ropers, Jacques / Crémieux, Anne-Claude

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2018 Volume 66, Issue 12, Page(s) 1981–1982

MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Honey ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Pneumonia ; United States
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1093/cid/ciy047
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Article ; Online: Intensified screening for SARS-CoV-2 in 18 emergency departments in the Paris metropolitan area, France (DEPIST-COVID): A cluster-randomized, two-period, crossover trial.

PLoS medicine

2023 Volume 20, Issue 12, Page(s) e1004317

Abstract: Background: Asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic infections account for a substantial portion of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmissions. The value of intensified screening strategies, especially in emergency departments ( ...

Abstract	Background: Asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic infections account for a substantial portion of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmissions. The value of intensified screening strategies, especially in emergency departments (EDs), in reaching asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic patients and helping to improve detection and reduce transmission has not been documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate in EDs whether an intensified SARS-CoV-2 screening strategy combining nurse-driven screening for asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic patients with routine practice (intervention) could contribute to higher detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to routine practice alone, including screening for symptomatic or hospitalized patients (control). Methods and findings: We conducted a cluster-randomized, two-period, crossover trial from February 2021 to May 2021 in 18 EDs in the Paris metropolitan area, France. All adults visiting the EDs were eligible. At the start of the first period, 18 EDs were randomized to the intervention or control strategy by balanced block randomization with stratification, with the alternative condition being applied in the second period. During the control period, routine screening for SARS-CoV-2 included screening for symptomatic or hospitalized patients. During the intervention period, in addition to routine screening practice, a questionnaire about risk exposure and symptoms and a SARS-CoV-2 screening test were offered by nurses to all remaining asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic patients. The primary outcome was the proportion of newly diagnosed SARS-CoV-2-positive patients among all adults visiting the 18 EDs. Primary analysis was by intention-to-treat. The primary outcome was analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model (Poisson distribution) with the center and center by period as random effects and the strategy (intervention versus control) and period (modeled as a weekly categorical variable) as fixed effects with additional adjustment for community incidence. During the intervention and control periods, 69,248 patients and 69,104 patients, respectively, were included for a total of 138,352 patients. Patients had a median age of 45.0 years [31.0, 63.0], and women represented 45.7% of the patients. During the intervention period, 6,332 asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic patients completed the questionnaire; 4,283 were screened for SARS-CoV-2 by nurses, leading to 224 new SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses. A total of 1,859 patients versus 2,084 patients were newly diagnosed during the intervention and control periods, respectively (adjusted analysis: 26.7/1,000 versus 26.2/1,000, adjusted relative risk: 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.94, 1.11]; p = 0.634)). The main limitation of this study is that it was conducted in a rapidly evolving epidemiological context. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that intensified screening for SARS-CoV-2 in EDs was unlikely to identify a higher proportion of newly diagnosed patients. Trial registration: Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04756609.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Cross-Over Studies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; France/epidemiology ; Paris/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Male
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2185925-5
ISSN	1549-1676 ; 1549-1277
ISSN (online)	1549-1676
ISSN	1549-1277
DOI	10.1371/journal.pmed.1004317
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