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  1. Article: Deep breathing exercise at work: Potential applications and impact.

    Tavoian, Dallin / Craighead, Daniel H

    Frontiers in physiology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1040091

    Abstract: Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and daily deep breathing exercise (DBE) is a promising intervention to reduce blood pressure and stress in adults. DBE is simple, time-efficient, and does not require specialized equipment, ... ...

    Abstract Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and daily deep breathing exercise (DBE) is a promising intervention to reduce blood pressure and stress in adults. DBE is simple, time-efficient, and does not require specialized equipment, allowing participation in a wide variety of settings. The workplace is an ideal setting to implement DBE at the national level for several reasons, including a large proportion of waking hours spent in the workplace, high levels of sedentary time at work, prevalence of work-related stress, and regular breaks throughout the day potentially reducing worker error. While the degree of adherence to daily workplace DBE will be the responsibility of the individual, employers and managers can (and should) do much to remove barriers to participation. Specifically, this could include: implementing regular short breaks or classes to perform DBE throughout the day, covering subscription costs for smartphone applications that guide DBE, and creating incentive programs for continuing DBE participation. Implementing DBE in the workplace is a pragmatic approach to provide a low-cost blood pressure and stress reduction therapy to a substantial portion of the adult population in the US, at least 50% of whom have high blood pressure.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564217-0
    ISSN 1664-042X
    ISSN 1664-042X
    DOI 10.3389/fphys.2023.1040091
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Acute inspiratory resistance training enhances endothelium-dependent dilation and retrograde shear rate in healthy young adults.

    Tavoian, Dallin / Mazzone, Josie L / Craighead, Daniel H / Bailey, E Fiona

    Physiological reports

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) e15943

    Abstract: Inspiratory resistance training (IRT) yields significant reductions in resting blood pressure and improves vascular endothelial function. Our objective was to quantify the acute effects of IRT on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and shear ... ...

    Abstract Inspiratory resistance training (IRT) yields significant reductions in resting blood pressure and improves vascular endothelial function. Our objective was to quantify the acute effects of IRT on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and shear rates (SRs) in healthy men and women. Twenty young adults (22.9 ± 3.4 years; 10 male, 10 female) completed a single bout of IRT or Rest condition in a randomized crossover design. Brachial artery FMD was performed before, 10 min after, and 40 min after the assigned condition. Brachial artery blood flow velocities were collected during IRT, separated by breathing cycle phase, and converted into SRs. FMD improved 10 min post-IRT (+1.86 ± 0.61%; p = 0.025) but returned to baseline by 40 min post-IRT (p = 0.002). Anterograde SR decreased by 10% and retrograde SR increased 102% during resisted inspiration, relative to baseline SR (p < 0.001). Anterograde SR increased by 7% in men and women (p < 0.001) and retrograde SR decreased by 12% in women but not men (p = 0.022) during unresisted expiration, relative to baseline SR. A single bout of IRT elicits a transient enhancement in FMD in both men and women. Acute IRT-related enhancements in SRs may contribute to sustained improvements in FMD that have been reported previously.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Blood Flow Velocity/physiology ; Brachial Artery/physiology ; Cross-Over Studies ; Dilatation ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiology ; Regional Blood Flow/physiology ; Resistance Training ; Stress, Mechanical ; Vasodilation/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 2724325-4
    ISSN 2051-817X ; 2051-817X
    ISSN (online) 2051-817X
    ISSN 2051-817X
    DOI 10.14814/phy2.15943
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Case studies in physiology: Impact of a long-distance hike on the Pacific Crest Trail on arterial function and body composition in a highly fit young male.

    Heinbockel, Thomas C / Craighead, Daniel H

    Physiological reports

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 5, Page(s) e14767

    Abstract: The Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) is a 4265-km hiking trail that extends from the US-Mexican border to the US-Canadian border through the mountain ranges of western North America. Individuals who hike the entire length of the trail in one season (4-6 months) ...

    Abstract The Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) is a 4265-km hiking trail that extends from the US-Mexican border to the US-Canadian border through the mountain ranges of western North America. Individuals who hike the entire length of the trail in one season (4-6 months) perform long daily exercise durations while exposed to extreme environmental temperatures, high altitudes, intense solar radiation, and the consumption of calorie-rich, nutrient-poor diets. This case study reports changes in arterial function and body composition in a subject before and after a 112-day long-distance hike of the PCT. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, a measure of vascular endothelial function, decreased from: 6.97% to 5.00%. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, a measure of aortic stiffness, increased from 5.39 to 5.76 m/s. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans detected no major changes in total-body bone mineral density, fat mass, or lean mass, although there were minor, unfavorable changes in some subregions of the body. It is important for individuals completing a long-distance hike to be aware of the potential deleterious changes associated with large volumes of exercise and consuming a high-calorie, low-quality diet.
    MeSH term(s) Absorptiometry, Photon/methods ; Adult ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Body Composition/physiology ; Brachial Artery/physiology ; Energy Intake/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Vascular Stiffness/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2724325-4
    ISSN 2051-817X ; 2051-817X
    ISSN (online) 2051-817X
    ISSN 2051-817X
    DOI 10.14814/phy2.14767
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  4. Article ; Online: Dietary Supplementation With NAD+-Boosting Compounds in Humans: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.

    Freeberg, Kaitlin A / Udovich, CeAnn C / Martens, Christopher R / Seals, Douglas R / Craighead, Daniel H

    The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences

    2023  Volume 78, Issue 12, Page(s) 2435–2448

    Abstract: Advancing age and many disease states are associated with declines in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels. Preclinical studies suggest that boosting NAD+ abundance with precursor compounds, such as nicotinamide riboside or nicotinamide ... ...

    Abstract Advancing age and many disease states are associated with declines in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels. Preclinical studies suggest that boosting NAD+ abundance with precursor compounds, such as nicotinamide riboside or nicotinamide mononucleotide, has profound effects on physiological function in models of aging and disease. Translation of these compounds for oral supplementation in humans has been increasingly studied within the last 10 years; however, the clinical evidence that raising NAD+ concentrations can improve physiological function is unclear. The goal of this review was to synthesize the published literature on the effects of chronic oral supplementation with NAD+ precursors on healthy aging and age-related chronic diseases. We identified nicotinamide riboside, nicotinamide riboside co-administered with pterostilbene, and nicotinamide mononucleotide as the most common candidates in investigations of NAD+-boosting compounds for improving physiological function in humans. Studies have been performed in generally healthy midlife and older adults, adults with cardiometabolic disease risk factors such as overweight and obesity, and numerous patient populations. Supplementation with these compounds is safe, tolerable, and can increase the abundance of NAD+ and related metabolites in multiple tissues. Dosing regimens and study durations vary greatly across interventions, and small sample sizes limit data interpretation of physiological outcomes. Limitations are identified and future research directions are suggested to further our understanding of the potential efficacy of NAD+-boosting compounds for improving physiological function and extending human health span.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; NAD/metabolism ; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide/metabolism ; Aging ; Obesity ; Dietary Supplements
    Chemical Substances NAD (0U46U6E8UK) ; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (1094-61-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1223643-3
    ISSN 1758-535X ; 1079-5006
    ISSN (online) 1758-535X
    ISSN 1079-5006
    DOI 10.1093/gerona/glad106
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  5. Article ; Online: Vascular Endothelial Function in Midlife/Older Adults Classified According to 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guidelines.

    Craighead, Daniel H / Freeberg, Kaitlin A / Seals, Douglas R

    Journal of the American Heart Association

    2020  Volume 9, Issue 17, Page(s) e016625

    Abstract: Background Impaired endothelial function is thought to contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with above-normal blood pressure (BP). However, the association between endothelial function and BP classified by 2017 American College of ... ...

    Abstract Background Impaired endothelial function is thought to contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with above-normal blood pressure (BP). However, the association between endothelial function and BP classified by 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines is unknown. Our objective was to determine if endothelial function decreases in midlife/older adults across the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines BP classifications and identify associated mechanisms of action. Methods and Results A retrospective analysis of endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation) from 988 midlife/older adults (aged 50+ years) stratified by BP status (normal BP; elevated BP; stage 1 hypertension; stage 2 hypertension) was performed. Endothelium-independent dilation (sublingual nitroglycerin), reactive oxygen species-mediated suppression of endothelial function (∆brachial artery flow-mediated dilation with vitamin C infusion), and endothelial cell and plasma markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were assessed in subgroups. Compared with normal BP (n=411), brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was 12% (
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; American Heart Association ; Ascorbic Acid/administration & dosage ; Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Brachial Artery/physiopathology ; Cardiology/organization & administration ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology ; Female ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Hypertension/classification ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; NADPH Oxidases/metabolism ; Nitroglycerin/administration & dosage ; Nitroglycerin/pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Regional Blood Flow/drug effects ; Retrospective Studies ; United States/epidemiology ; Vasodilation/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Interleukin-6 ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; NADPH Oxidases (EC 1.6.3.-) ; Nitroglycerin (G59M7S0WS3) ; Ascorbic Acid (PQ6CK8PD0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2653953-6
    ISSN 2047-9980 ; 2047-9980
    ISSN (online) 2047-9980
    ISSN 2047-9980
    DOI 10.1161/JAHA.120.016625
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  6. Article ; Online: Translational Potential of High-Resistance Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training.

    Craighead, Daniel H / Freeberg, Kaitlin A / Maurer, Grace S / Myers, Valerie H / Seals, Douglas R

    Exercise and sport sciences reviews

    2022  Volume 50, Issue 3, Page(s) 107–117

    Abstract: Age-associated cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction increases the risk for CV diseases. Aerobic exercise training can improve CV function, but only a minority of adults meet aerobic exercise guidelines. High-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training is ... ...

    Abstract Age-associated cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction increases the risk for CV diseases. Aerobic exercise training can improve CV function, but only a minority of adults meet aerobic exercise guidelines. High-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training is a time-efficient lifestyle intervention that may promote adherence and improve CV function. However, further investigation is needed to translate inspiratory muscle strength training into the public health domain.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Exercise/physiology ; Exercise Tolerance/physiology ; Humans ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Muscles ; Resistance Training ; Respiratory Muscles/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 187040-3
    ISSN 1538-3008 ; 0091-6331
    ISSN (online) 1538-3008
    ISSN 0091-6331
    DOI 10.1249/JES.0000000000000293
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  7. Article: Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation for Treating Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Midlife and Older Adults.

    Freeberg, Kaitlin A / Craighead, Daniel H / Martens, Christopher R / You, Zhiying / Chonchol, Michel / Seals, Douglas R

    Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

    2022  Volume 9, Page(s) 881703

    Abstract: Background: Aging is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide. Age-related increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) link advancing age to cardiovascular disease risk. A key mechanism mediating the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Aging is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide. Age-related increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) link advancing age to cardiovascular disease risk. A key mechanism mediating the increase in SBP with aging is stiffening of the large elastic arteries, which occurs due to increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular smooth muscle tone. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD
    Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-site parallel-group design clinical trial will be conducted in 94 (47/group) midlife and older (age ≥ 50 years) adults with initial above-normal SBP. Participants will complete baseline testing and then will be randomized to either nicotinamide riboside (500 mg, 2×/day, NIAGEN
    Discussion: This study is designed to establish the safety and efficacy of the NAD
    Clinical trial registration: [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT03821623].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2781496-8
    ISSN 2297-055X
    ISSN 2297-055X
    DOI 10.3389/fcvm.2022.881703
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  8. Article ; Online: Nitric oxide, aging and aerobic exercise: Sedentary individuals to Master's athletes.

    Shannon, Oliver M / Clifford, Tom / Seals, Douglas R / Craighead, Daniel H / Rossman, Matthew J

    Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry

    2022  Volume 125-126, Page(s) 31–39

    Abstract: Aging is associated with a decline in physiological function and exercise performance. These effects are mediated, at least in part, by an age-related decrease in the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous gasotransmitter and regulator of ... ...

    Abstract Aging is associated with a decline in physiological function and exercise performance. These effects are mediated, at least in part, by an age-related decrease in the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous gasotransmitter and regulator of myriad physiological processes. The decrease in NO bioavailability with aging is especially apparent in sedentary individuals, whereas older, physically active individuals maintain higher levels of NO with advancing age. Strategies which enhance NO bioavailability (including nutritional supplementation) have been proposed as a potential means of reducing the age-related decrease in physiological function and enhancing exercise performance and may be of interest to a range of older individuals including those taking part in competitive sport. In this brief review we discuss the effects of aging on physiological function and endurance exercise performance, and the potential role of changes in NO bioavailability in these processes. We also provide a summary of current evidence for dietary supplementation with substrates for NO production - including inorganic nitrate and nitrite, l-arginine and l-citrulline - for improving exercise capacity/performance in older adults. Additionally, we discuss the (limited) evidence on the effects of (poly)phenols and other dietary antioxidants on NO bioavailability in older individuals. Finally, we provide suggestions for future research.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Aging ; Athletes ; Citrulline/pharmacology ; Dietary Supplements ; Exercise/physiology ; Humans ; Nitrates/pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide
    Chemical Substances Nitrates ; Citrulline (29VT07BGDA) ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1362794-6
    ISSN 1089-8611 ; 1089-8603
    ISSN (online) 1089-8611
    ISSN 1089-8603
    DOI 10.1016/j.niox.2022.06.002
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  9. Article ; Online: Menthol-Induced Cutaneous Vasodilation Is Preserved in Essential Hypertensive Men and Women.

    Craighead, Daniel H / Alexander, Lacy M

    American journal of hypertension

    2017  Volume 30, Issue 12, Page(s) 1156–1162

    Abstract: Background: Menthol is a selective transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel agonist that induces cutaneous vasodilation in young, normotensive men and women through nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing ... ...

    Abstract Background: Menthol is a selective transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel agonist that induces cutaneous vasodilation in young, normotensive men and women through nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-, and sensory nerve-mediated mechanisms. Microvascular dysfunction is present in essential hypertension and whether menthol induces vasodilation is men and women with essential hypertension is equivocal.
    Methods: Four intradermal microdialysis fibers were placed in the forearm of 9 essential hypertensive and 10 age-matched normotensive control subjects. Sites were pretreated with lactated Ringer's (control), l-NAME (NOS inhibited), TEA (EDHF inhibited), and lidocaine (sensory nerve inhibited). The microdialysis fibers were then perfused with 7 increasing doses of menthol (0.1-500 mM). Red cell flux in response to menthol was measured with laser Doppler flowmetry. Data were normalized to mean arterial pressure and presented as a percentage of site-specific maximum vasodilation (%CVCmax).
    Results: At the control site, menthol caused vasodilation in both the normotensive and hypertensive groups (menthol doses 100, 250, and 500 mM; all P < 0.05 compared to baseline). There were no differences between groups (P = 0.58, main effect). There was no effect of either NOS or sensory nerve inhibition on menthol-induced vasodilation in the normotensive group; however, menthol-induced vasodilation was attenuated with NOS and sensory nerve inhibition in the hypertensive group. EDHF inhibition attenuated menthol-induced vasodilation in both groups.
    Conclusions: Menthol-induced vasodilation has NO, EDHF, and sensory nerve components. Menthol-induced cutaneous vasodilation is preserved in hypertensive subjects. However, the hypertensive subjects exhibited a loss of redundant vasodilator systems.
    MeSH term(s) Arterial Pressure/drug effects ; Capillaries/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Erythrocytes/drug effects ; Essential Hypertension/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; Male ; Menthol/pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Regional Blood Flow/drug effects ; Skin/blood supply ; TRPM Cation Channels/agonists ; Vasodilation/drug effects ; Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Enzyme Inhibitors ; TRPM Cation Channels ; TRPM8 protein, human ; Vasodilator Agents ; Menthol (1490-04-6) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (V55S2QJN2X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-10-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639383-4
    ISSN 1941-7225 ; 1879-1905 ; 0895-7061
    ISSN (online) 1941-7225 ; 1879-1905
    ISSN 0895-7061
    DOI 10.1093/ajh/hpx127
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  10. Article ; Online: Topical menthol increases cutaneous blood flow.

    Craighead, Daniel H / Alexander, Lacy M

    Microvascular research

    2016  Volume 107, Page(s) 39–45

    Abstract: Menthol, the active ingredient in several topically applied analgesics, activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) receptors on sensory nerves and on the vasculature inducing a cooling sensation on the skin. Ilex paraguariensis is also a ...

    Abstract Menthol, the active ingredient in several topically applied analgesics, activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) receptors on sensory nerves and on the vasculature inducing a cooling sensation on the skin. Ilex paraguariensis is also a common ingredient in topical analgesics that has potential vasoactive properties and may alter the mechanisms of action of menthol. We sought to characterize the microvascular effects of topical menthol and ilex application and to determine the mechanism(s) through which these compounds may independently and combined alter cutaneous blood flow. We hypothesized that menthol would induce vasoconstriction and that ilex would not alter skin blood flow (SkBF). Three separate protocols were conducted to examine menthol and ilex-mediated changes in SkBF. In protocol 1, placebo, 4% menthol, 0.7% ilex, and combination menthol+ilex gels were applied separately to the skin and red cell flux was continuously measured utilizing laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). In protocol 2, seven concentrations of menthol gel (0.04%, 0.4%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 7%, 8%) were applied to the skin to model the dose-response curve. In protocol 3, placebo, menthol, ilex, and menthol+ilex gels were applied to skin under local thermal control (34°C) both with and without sensory nerve blockage (topical lidocaine 4%). Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) and local heating (42°C) protocols were conducted to determine the relative contribution of endothelium derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs)/sensory nerves and nitric oxide (NO), respectively. Red cell flux was normalized to mean arterial pressure expressed as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC: flux·mmHg(-1)) in all protocols. Topical menthol application increased SkBF compared to placebo (3.41±0.33 vs 1.1±0.19CVC: p<0.001). During the dose-response, SkBF increased with increasing doses of menthol (main effect, p<0.05) with an ED50 of 1.0%. Similarly, SkBF was increased after menthol application during PORH (3.62±0.29 vs. 2.50±0.21flux·mmHg(-1); p<0.001), but not local heating (2.98±0.24 vs 2.86±0.32flux·mmHg(-1); p=0.44). Concurrent sensory nerve inhibition attenuated menthol-mediated vasodilation at thermoneutral baseline (1.29±0.19flux·mmHg(-1); p<0.001) and during PORH (2.79±0.28flux·mmHg(-1); p<0.001), but not during local heating (3.45±0.21flux·mmHg(-1); p=0.1). Topically applied menthol, but not ilex, dose-dependently increases blood flow in the cutaneous microvasculature. This increase in blood flow is mediated, in-part by sensory nerves and EDHFs.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Cutaneous ; Adult ; Analgesics/administration & dosage ; Analgesics/isolation & purification ; Biological Factors/metabolism ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Ilex paraguariensis/chemistry ; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry ; Male ; Menthol/administration & dosage ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/administration & dosage ; Plant Extracts/isolation & purification ; Regional Blood Flow ; Sensory Receptor Cells/drug effects ; Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism ; Skin/blood supply ; Time Factors ; Vasodilation/drug effects ; Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Analgesics ; Biological Factors ; Plant Extracts ; Vasodilator Agents ; endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor ; Menthol (1490-04-6) ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 80307-8
    ISSN 1095-9319 ; 0026-2862
    ISSN (online) 1095-9319
    ISSN 0026-2862
    DOI 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.04.010
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