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Article ; Online: Cell surface β-lactamase recruitment: A facile selection to identify protein-protein interactions.

Hinmon, Jordan A / King, Jade M / Mayo, Latrina J / Faries, Cierra R / Lockett, Ya'hnis T / Crawford, David W / Beardslee, Patrick C / Hendricks, Alexander / McNaughton, Brian R

Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society

2024 Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) e4919

Abstract: Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are central to many cellular processes, and the identification of novel PPIs is a critical step in the discovery of protein therapeutics. Simple methods to identify naturally existing or laboratory evolved PPIs are ... ...

Abstract	Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are central to many cellular processes, and the identification of novel PPIs is a critical step in the discovery of protein therapeutics. Simple methods to identify naturally existing or laboratory evolved PPIs are therefore valuable research tools. We have developed a facile selection that links PPI-dependent β-lactamase recruitment on the surface of Escherichia coli with resistance to ampicillin. Bacteria displaying a protein that forms a complex with a specific protein-β-lactamase fusion are protected from ampicillin-dependent cell death. In contrast, bacteria that do not recruit β-lactamase to the cell surface are killed by ampicillin. Given its simplicity and tunability, we anticipate this selection will be a valuable addition to the palette of methods for illuminating and interrogating PPIs.
MeSH term(s)	beta-Lactamases/genetics ; beta-Lactamases/metabolism ; Ampicillin/pharmacology ; Ampicillin/metabolism ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism
Chemical Substances	beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; Ampicillin (7C782967RD) ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1106283-6
ISSN	1469-896X ; 0961-8368
ISSN (online)	1469-896X
ISSN	0961-8368
DOI	10.1002/pro.4919
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Article ; Online: An ex vivo model of medical device-mediated bacterial skin translocation.

Wang, Hao / Agrawal, Anant / Wang, Yi / Crawford, David W / Siler, Zachary D / Peterson, Marnie L / Woofter, Ricky T / Labib, Mohamed / Shin, Hainsworth Y / Baumann, Andrew P / Phillips, K Scott

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 5746

Abstract: The skin is a barrier and part of the immune system that protects us from harmful bacteria. Because indwelling medical devices break this barrier, they greatly increase the risk of infection by microbial pathogens. To study how these infections can be ... ...

Abstract	The skin is a barrier and part of the immune system that protects us from harmful bacteria. Because indwelling medical devices break this barrier, they greatly increase the risk of infection by microbial pathogens. To study how these infections can be prevented through improved clinical practices and medical device technology, it is important to have preclinical models that replicate the early stages of microbial contamination, ingress, and colonization leading up to infection. At present, there are no preclinical ex vivo models specifically developed to simulate conditions for indwelling medical devices. Translocation of pathogens from outside the body across broken skin to normally sterile internal compartments is a rate-limiting step in infectious pathogenesis. In this work, we report a sensitive and reproducible ex vivo porcine skin-catheter model to test how long antimicrobial interventions can delay translocation. Skin preparation was first optimized to minimize tissue damage. The presence of skin dramatically decreased bacterial migration time across the polyurethane catheter interface from > 96 h to 12 h. Using visual colony detection, fluorescence, a luminescent in vitro imaging system, and confocal microscopy, the model was used to quantify time-dependent differences in translocation for eluting and non-eluting antimicrobial catheters. The results show the importance of including tissue in preclinical biofilm models and help to explain current gaps between in vitro testing and clinical outcomes for antimicrobial devices.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bacterial Translocation ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Catheters, Indwelling/microbiology ; Escherichia coli/growth & development ; Escherichia coli/physiology ; Luminescence ; Luminescent Proteins/metabolism ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Biological ; Skin/microbiology ; Swine ; Red Fluorescent Protein
Chemical Substances	Luminescent Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-84826-1
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Article: Spatial patterns in abundance, taxonomic composition and carbon biomass of nano- and microphytoplankton in Subarctic and Arctic Seas

Crawford, David W / Adrián O. Cefarelli / Diana E. Varela / Ian A. Wrohan / Shea N. Wyatt

Progress in oceanography. 2018 Mar., v. 162

2018

Abstract: In the summers of 2007 and 2008, we studied assemblages of nano- and microphytoplankton from the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) across five broad oceanographic domains in the seas surrounding northern North America. These domains are the eastern ... ...

Abstract	In the summers of 2007 and 2008, we studied assemblages of nano- and microphytoplankton from the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) across five broad oceanographic domains in the seas surrounding northern North America. These domains are the eastern Subarctic North Pacific (ESNP), Bering and Chukchi Seas (BE-CH), Beaufort Sea and Canada Basin (BS-CB), Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), and Baffin Bay and Labrador Sea (BB-LS). Average abundance and total carbon biomass (C) of phytoplankton (>2 μm) varied ∼10-fold and ∼20-fold, respectively, across the five domains. In the BE-CH, CAA and BB-LS, diatoms averaged 35–70% and dinoflagellates 11–45% of total phytoplankton C (>2 μm), whereas in the ESNP and BS-CB, unidentified flagellates/coccoids (2–8 μm) represented a greater proportion of total C (27% and 39% respectively) than in the other domains.In the BE-CH and BB-LS, phytoplankton C (>2 μm) was dominated by dinoflagellates of the genus Gymnodinium, centric diatoms including Thalassiosira spp. and Chaetoceros spp., unidentified flagellates/coccoids (2–8 μm), and cryptomonads. In contrast, diatoms such as Thalassiosira spp. and its resting spores dominated C in the CAA, with dinoflagellates being less significant than in the BE-CH and BB-LS. Unidentified flagellates/coccoids (2–8 μm), Gymnodinium spp., and cryptomonads dominated in the ESNP, and particularly in the BS-CB, where diatoms contributed only 18% of the very low levels of total phytoplankton C (>2 μm).Phytoplankton C (>2 μm) to chlorophyll a ratios (phyto C:chl a) averaged only 31 g C g chl a−1 in the oligotrophic BS-CB domain, and 51–150 g C g chl a−1 in the other domains, whereas ratios of biogenic silica to phytoplankton C (>2 μm) (bSi:phyto C) were lowest in the eastern domains. Estimates of phytoplankton C were highly sensitive to the choice of C to cell volume equations (C:vol) adopted in the calculations, particularly in diatom-rich areas.This study highlights how diatoms and dinoflagellates are the main drivers of large-scale variations in C biomass for phytoplankton (> 2 μm), whereas unidentified flagellates/coccoids (2–8 μm) make a significant contribution to C biomass in oligotrophic domains, such as BS-CB, where diatoms and dinoflagellates are less abundant. Reduced surface water density (σT) was associated with deeper SCM layers, and with decreased C biomass of unidentified flagellates/coccoids (2–8 μm). These observations confirm recent studies highlighting the role of surface water stratification caused by melting sea ice in shaping nano- and microphytoplankton assemblages.
Keywords	Bacillariophyceae ; basins ; biomass ; carbon ; Chaetoceros ; chlorophyll ; Cryptophyceae ; equations ; Gymnodinium ; ice ; melting ; phytoplankton ; silica ; spores ; summer ; surface water ; taxonomy ; Thalassiosira ; Arctic region ; Beaufort Sea ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-03
Size	p. 132-159.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	0079-6611
DOI	10.1016/j.pocean.2018.01.006
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: EFFECT OF ZINC AVAILABILITY ON GROWTH, MORPHOLOGY, AND NUTRIENT INCORPORATION IN A COASTAL AND AN OCEANIC DIATOM(1).

Varela, Diana E / Willers, Valeria / Crawford, David W

Journal of phycology

2011 Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 302–312

Abstract: We investigated the effect of Zn availability on growth rate (μ), cell morphology, and elemental stoichiometry and incorporation rate in two marine diatoms. For the coastal diatom Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve, the half-saturation constant (KS ) for ...

Abstract	We investigated the effect of Zn availability on growth rate (μ), cell morphology, and elemental stoichiometry and incorporation rate in two marine diatoms. For the coastal diatom Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve, the half-saturation constant (KS ) for growth was 4.1 pM Zn(2+) , and growth ceased at ≤ 2.6 pM Zn(2+) , whereas for the oceanic diatom Thalassiosira oceanica Hasle, KS was 0.5 pM Zn(2+) , and μ remained at ∼40%μmax even at 0.3 pM Zn(2+) . Under Zn-limiting (Zn-L) conditions, S. costatum decreased cell size significantly, leading to an 80% increase in surface area to volume ratio (SA/V) at Zn(2+) of 3.5 pM compared to Zn-replete (Zn-R) conditions (at Zn(2+) of 13.2 pM), whereas T. oceanica's morphology did not change appreciably. Cell quotas of C, N, P, Si, and chl a significantly decreased under Zn limitation in S. costatum (at Zn(2+) of 3.5 pM), whereas Zn limitation in T. oceanica (at Zn(2+) of 0.3 pM) had little effect on quotas. Elemental stoichiometry was ∼85C:10N:9Si:1P and 81C:9N:5Si:1P for S. costatum, and 66C:5N:2Si:1P and 52C:6N:2Si:1P for T. oceanica, under Zn-R and Zn-L conditions, respectively. Incorporation rates of all elements were significantly reduced under Zn limitation for both diatoms, but particularly for Si in S. costatum, and for C in T. oceanica, despite its apparent tolerance of low Zn conditions. With [Zn(2+) ] in some parts of the ocean being of the same order (∼0.2 to 2 pM) as our low Zn conditions for T. oceanica, our results support the hypothesis that in situ growth and C acquisition may be limited by Zn in some oceanic species.
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	281226-5
ISSN	1529-8817 ; 0022-3646
ISSN (online)	1529-8817
ISSN	0022-3646
DOI	10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00948.x
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Article: EFFECT OF ZINC AVAILABILITY ON GROWTH, MORPHOLOGY, AND NUTRIENT INCORPORATION IN A COASTAL AND AN OCEANIC DIATOM¹

Varela, Diana E / Willers, Valeria / Crawford, David W

Journal of phycology. 2011 Apr., v. 47, no. 2

2011

Abstract	We investigated the effect of Zn availability on growth rate (μ), cell morphology, and elemental stoichiometry and incorporation rate in two marine diatoms. For the coastal diatom Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve, the half-saturation constant (KS) for growth was 4.1 pM Zn²⁺, and growth ceased at ≤ 2.6 pM Zn²⁺, whereas for the oceanic diatom Thalassiosira oceanica Hasle, KS was 0.5 pM Zn²⁺, and μ remained at ∼40%μmax even at 0.3 pM Zn²⁺. Under Zn-limiting (Zn-L) conditions, S. costatum decreased cell size significantly, leading to an 80% increase in surface area to volume ratio (SA/V) at Zn²⁺ of 3.5 pM compared to Zn-replete (Zn-R) conditions (at Zn²⁺ of 13.2 pM), whereas T. oceanica's morphology did not change appreciably. Cell quotas of C, N, P, Si, and chl a significantly decreased under Zn limitation in S. costatum (at Zn²⁺ of 3.5 pM), whereas Zn limitation in T. oceanica (at Zn²⁺ of 0.3 pM) had little effect on quotas. Elemental stoichiometry was ∼85C:10N:9Si:1P and 81C:9N:5Si:1P for S. costatum, and 66C:5N:2Si:1P and 52C:6N:2Si:1P for T. oceanica, under Zn-R and Zn-L conditions, respectively. Incorporation rates of all elements were significantly reduced under Zn limitation for both diatoms, but particularly for Si in S. costatum, and for C in T. oceanica, despite its apparent tolerance of low Zn conditions. With [Zn²⁺] in some parts of the ocean being of the same order (∼0.2 to 2 pM) as our low Zn conditions for T. oceanica, our results support the hypothesis that in situ growth and C acquisition may be limited by Zn in some oceanic species.
Keywords	Skeletonema costatum ; Thalassiosira ; cell biology ; silicon ; stoichiometry ; surface area ; zinc
Language	English
Dates of publication	2011-04
Size	p. 302-312.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	281226-5
ISSN	0022-3646
ISSN	0022-3646
DOI	10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00948.x
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The antimicrobial potential of cannabidiol.

Communications biology

2021 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 7

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance threatens the viability of modern medicine, which is largely dependent on the successful prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. Unfortunately, there are few new therapeutics in the clinical pipeline, particularly for ... ...

Abstract	Antimicrobial resistance threatens the viability of modern medicine, which is largely dependent on the successful prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. Unfortunately, there are few new therapeutics in the clinical pipeline, particularly for Gram-negative bacteria. We now present a detailed evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of cannabidiol, the main non-psychoactive component of cannabis. We confirm previous reports of Gram-positive activity and expand the breadth of pathogens tested, including highly resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Clostridioides difficile. Our results demonstrate that cannabidiol has excellent activity against biofilms, little propensity to induce resistance, and topical in vivo efficacy. Multiple mode-of-action studies point to membrane disruption as cannabidiol's primary mechanism. More importantly, we now report for the first time that cannabidiol can selectively kill a subset of Gram-negative bacteria that includes the 'urgent threat' pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Structure-activity relationship studies demonstrate the potential to advance cannabidiol analogs as a much-needed new class of antibiotics.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Cannabidiol/analogs & derivatives ; Cannabidiol/chemistry ; Cannabidiol/pharmacology ; Cannabidiol/toxicity ; Clostridioides difficile/drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects ; Female ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects ; HEK293 Cells ; Hemolysis/drug effects ; Humans ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae/drug effects ; Skin Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy ; Skin Diseases, Bacterial/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Mice
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cannabidiol (19GBJ60SN5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2399-3642
ISSN (online)	2399-3642
DOI	10.1038/s42003-020-01530-y
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Article ; Online: Structure of HIV TAR in complex with a Lab-Evolved RRM provides insight into duplex RNA recognition and synthesis of a constrained peptide that impairs transcription.

Belashov, Ivan A / Crawford, David W / Cavender, Chapin E / Dai, Peng / Beardslee, Patrick C / Mathews, David H / Pentelute, Bradley L / McNaughton, Brian R / Wedekind, Joseph E

Nucleic acids research

2018 Volume 46, Issue 13, Page(s) 6401–6415

Abstract: Natural and lab-evolved proteins often recognize their RNA partners with exquisite affinity. Structural analysis of such complexes can offer valuable insight into sequence-selective recognition that can be exploited to alter biological function. Here, we ...

Abstract	Natural and lab-evolved proteins often recognize their RNA partners with exquisite affinity. Structural analysis of such complexes can offer valuable insight into sequence-selective recognition that can be exploited to alter biological function. Here, we describe the structure of a lab-evolved RNA recognition motif (RRM) bound to the HIV-1 trans-activation response (TAR) RNA element at 1.80 Å-resolution. The complex reveals a trio of arginines in an evolved β2-β3 loop penetrating deeply into the major groove to read conserved guanines while simultaneously forming cation-π and salt-bridge contacts. The observation that the evolved RRM engages TAR within a double-stranded stem is atypical compared to most RRMs. Mutagenesis, thermodynamic analysis and molecular dynamics validate the atypical binding mode and quantify molecular contributions that support the exceptionally tight binding of the TAR-protein complex (KD,App of 2.5 ± 0.1 nM). These findings led to the hypothesis that the β2-β3 loop can function as a standalone TAR-recognition module. Indeed, short constrained peptides comprising the β2-β3 loop still bind TAR (KD,App of 1.8 ± 0.5 μM) and significantly weaken TAR-dependent transcription. Our results provide a detailed understanding of TAR molecular recognition and reveal that a lab-evolved protein can be reduced to a minimal RNA-binding peptide.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA, Recombinant/genetics ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; Genes, Synthetic ; HIV Long Terminal Repeat ; HIV-1/genetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligopeptides/chemistry ; Point Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA Recognition Motif ; RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry ; Sequence Alignment ; Substrate Specificity ; Transcriptional Activation
Chemical Substances	DNA, Recombinant ; Oligopeptides ; RNA, Double-Stranded
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	186809-3
ISSN	1362-4962 ; 1362-4954 ; 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
ISSN (online)	1362-4962 ; 1362-4954
ISSN	0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
DOI	10.1093/nar/gky529
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Article ; Online: An Evolved RNA Recognition Motif That Suppresses HIV-1 Tat/TAR-Dependent Transcription.

Crawford, David W / Blakeley, Brett D / Chen, Po-Han / Sherpa, Chringma / Le Grice, Stuart F J / Laird-Offringa, Ite A / McNaughton, Brian R

ACS chemical biology

2016 Volume 11, Issue 8, Page(s) 2206–2215

Abstract: Potent and selective recognition and modulation of disease-relevant RNAs remain a daunting challenge. We previously examined the utility of the U1A N-terminal RNA recognition motif as a scaffold for tailoring new RNA hairpin recognition and showed that ... ...

Abstract	Potent and selective recognition and modulation of disease-relevant RNAs remain a daunting challenge. We previously examined the utility of the U1A N-terminal RNA recognition motif as a scaffold for tailoring new RNA hairpin recognition and showed that as few as one or two mutations can result in moderate affinity (low μM dissociation constant) for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) trans-activation response element (TAR) RNA, an RNA hairpin controlling transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome. Here, we use yeast display and saturation mutagenesis of established RNA-binding regions in U1A to identify new synthetic proteins that potently and selectively bind TAR RNA. Our best candidate has truly altered, not simply broadened, RNA-binding selectivity; it binds TAR with subnanomolar affinity (apparent dissociation constant of ∼0.5 nM) but does not appreciably bind the original U1A RNA target (U1hpII). It specifically recognizes the TAR RNA hairpin in the context of the HIV-1 5'-untranslated region, inhibits the interaction between TAR RNA and an HIV trans-activator of transcription (Tat)-derived peptide, and suppresses Tat/TAR-dependent transcription. Proteins described in this work are among the tightest TAR RNA-binding reagents-small molecule, nucleic acid, or protein-reported to date and thus have potential utility as therapeutics and basic research tools. Moreover, our findings demonstrate how a naturally occurring RNA recognition motif can be dramatically resurfaced through mutation, leading to potent and selective recognition-and modulation-of disease-relevant RNA.
MeSH term(s)	5' Untranslated Regions ; HIV-1/genetics ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA Recognition Motif ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Surface Plasmon Resonance ; Transcription, Genetic ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
Chemical Substances	5' Untranslated Regions ; Nuclear Proteins ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; TARBP1 protein, human ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1554-8937
ISSN (online)	1554-8937
DOI	10.1021/acschembio.6b00145
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Journal: Sources of Pollution and Sediment Contamination in Newark Bay, New Jersey

Crawford, David W. / Bonnevie, Nancy L. / Wenning, Richard J.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

1995 Volume 30, Page(s) 85–100

Abstract: Es wird ein Ueberblick ueber die Entwicklung der Wasserqualitaet und die wesentlichen Quellen der Gewaesserverschmutzung in der Newark Bay, New Jersey, gegeben. In die Newark Bay muenden der Passaic River, Hackensack River, Kill van Kull und der Arthur ... ...

Abstract	Es wird ein Ueberblick ueber die Entwicklung der Wasserqualitaet und die wesentlichen Quellen der Gewaesserverschmutzung in der Newark Bay, New Jersey, gegeben. In die Newark Bay muenden der Passaic River, Hackensack River, Kill van Kull und der Arthur Kill, deren Wasserqualitaet in den vergangenen 200 Jahren sowohl von der industriellen wie von der urbanen Entwicklung beeinflusst wurde. Es wird eine Uebersicht ueber den Gehalt an Schwermetallen und chemischen Schadstoffen im Sediment des Aestuars der Newark Bay gegeben. Die wesentlichen Ursachen der Wasserverunreinigung durch direkte und indirekte Einleitungen werden analysiert (kommunale Abwaesser, Industrieabwaesser, kombinierte Abwasserueberlaufsysteme, Regenwasserabfluss, Zufluss aus den Nebenfluessen bzw. Belastungen aus dem Passaic Valley sowie aus Middlesex County).
Keywords	Siedlungsabwasser ; Schwermetall ; Gewaesserverunreinigung ; Schadstoff ; Zufluss ; Wasserverunreinigung ; Industrieabwasser ; Niederschlagswasserabfluss ; Flusssediment ; Wasserguete ; Aestuar ; Oel ; Kuestengebiet ; Meeresverunreinigung ; Arsen ; Cadmium ; Kupfer ; Blei ; Quecksilber ; Nickel ; Zink ; Schaedlingsbekaempfungsmittel ; PAK ; Polychlorierte Biphenyle ; Abfluss ; Gewaessersediment ; Schwermetallgehalt ; Schadstoffgehalt ; Schadstoffquelle ; Sedimentanalyse
Language	English
Document type	Journal
Database	OPAC and Environmental database (ULIDAT) of The Federal Environment Agency (UBA)

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Book ; Online: A global compilation of coccolithophore calcification rates

Daniels, Chris J. / Poulton, Alex J. / Balch, William M. / Marañón, Emilio / Adey, Tim / Bowler, Bruce C. / Cermeño, Pedro / Charalampopoulou, Anastasia / Crawford, David W. / Drapeau, Dave / Feng, Yuanyuan / Fernández, Ana / Fernández, Emilio / Fragoso, Glaucia M. / González, Natalia / Graziano, Lisa M. / Heslop, Rachel / Holligan, Patrick M. / Hopkins, Jason /

Huete-Ortega, María / Hutchins, David A. / Lam, Phoebe J. / Lipsen, Michael S. / López-Sandoval, Daffne C. / Loucaides, Socratis / Marchetti, Adrian / Mayers, Kyle M. J. / Rees, Andrew P. / Sobrino, Cristina / Tynan, Eithne / Tyrrell, Toby

eISSN: 1866-3516

2018

Abstract: The biological production of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), a process termed calcification, is a key term in the marine carbon cycle. A major planktonic group responsible for such pelagic CaCO 3 production (CP) is the coccolithophores, single-celled ... ...

Abstract	The biological production of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), a process termed calcification, is a key term in the marine carbon cycle. A major planktonic group responsible for such pelagic CaCO 3 production (CP) is the coccolithophores, single-celled haptophytes that inhabit the euphotic zone of the ocean. Satellite-based estimates of areal CP are limited to surface waters and open-ocean areas, with current algorithms utilising the unique optical properties of the cosmopolitan bloom-forming species Emiliania huxleyi , whereas little understanding of deep-water ecology, optical properties or environmental responses by species other than E. huxleyi is currently available to parameterise algorithms or models. To aid future areal estimations and validate future modelling efforts we have constructed a database of 2765 CP measurements, the majority of which were measured using 12 to 24 h incorporation of radioactive carbon ( 14 C) into acid-labile inorganic carbon (CaCO 3 ). We present data collated from over 30 studies covering the period from 1991 to 2015, sampling the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Southern oceans. Globally, CP in surface waters ( < 20 m) ranged from 0.01 to 8398 µmol C m −3 d −1 (with a geometric mean of 16.1 µmol C m −3 d −1 ). An integral value for the upper euphotic zone (herein surface to the depth of 1 % surface irradiance) ranged from < 0.1 to 6 mmol C m −2 d −1 (geometric mean 1.19 mmol C m −2 d −1 ). The full database is available for download from PANGAEA at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.888182 .
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-16
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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