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Article: OsPSTOL

Milner, Matthew J / Bowden, Sarah / Craze, Melanie / Wallington, Emma J

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1098175

Abstract: There is a large demand to reduce inputs for current crop production, particularly phosphate and nitrogen inputs which are the two most frequently added supplements to agricultural production. Gene characterization is often limited to the native species ... ...

Abstract	There is a large demand to reduce inputs for current crop production, particularly phosphate and nitrogen inputs which are the two most frequently added supplements to agricultural production. Gene characterization is often limited to the native species from which it was identified, but may offer benefits to other species. To understand if the rice gene Phosphate Starvation Tolerance 1 (PSTOL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2023.1098175
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Article ; Online: Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus).

Bates, Ruth / Craze, Melanie / Wallington, Emma J

Current protocols in plant biology

2020 Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) 287–298

Abstract: Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a commercially important member of the Brassicacea family. It is grown for its edible and industrial oils as well as for animal feed. Genetic transformation technology has been used to study gene function and produce ... ...

Abstract	Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a commercially important member of the Brassicacea family. It is grown for its edible and industrial oils as well as for animal feed. Genetic transformation technology has been used to study gene function and produce oilseed rape with improved agronomic characteristics. This protocol describes a method for the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of oilseed rape cotyledonary petioles. The method is reproducible and has been used to transform both spring and winter cultivars. Modifications have been made to the rooting stage, which have reduced the vitrification of shoots. This has not only increased the number of phenotypically normal shoots but has also resulted in an increase in transformation efficiency, concomitant with a dramatic reduction in the number of escapes regenerated. Transformation frequencies typically range from 5% to 10%, with an average of 12% using doubled haploid model varieties, but a maximum efficiency of 20% has been achieved. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2379-8068
ISSN (online)	2379-8068
DOI	10.1002/cppb.20060
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Article ; Online: Ectopic expression of TaBG1 increases seed size and alters nutritional characteristics of the grain in wheat but does not lead to increased yields.

Milner, Matthew J / Bowden, Sarah / Craze, Melanie / Wallington, Emma J

BMC plant biology

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 524

Abstract: Background: Grain size is thought to be a major component of yield in many plant species. Here we set out to understand if knowledge from other cereals such as rice could translate to increased yield gains in wheat and lead to increased nitrogen use ... ...

Abstract	Background: Grain size is thought to be a major component of yield in many plant species. Here we set out to understand if knowledge from other cereals such as rice could translate to increased yield gains in wheat and lead to increased nitrogen use efficiency. Previous findings that the overexpression of OsBG1 in rice increased yields while increasing seed size suggest translating gains from rice to other cereals may help to increase yields. Results: The orthologous genes of OsBG1 were identified in wheat. One homoeologous wheat gene was cloned and overexpressed in wheat to understand its role in controlling seed size. Potential alteration in the nutritional profile of the grains were also analyzed in wheat overexpressing TaBG1. It was found that increased TaBG1-A expression could indeed lead to larger seed size but was linked to a reduction in seed number per plant leading to no significant overall increase in yield. Other important components of yield such as biomass or tillering did not change significantly with increased TaBG1-A expression. The nutritional profile of the grain was altered, with a significant decrease in the Zn levels in the grain associated with increased seed size, but Fe and Mn concentrations were unchanged. Protein content of the wheat grain also fell under moderate N fertilization levels but not under deficient or adequate levels of N. Conclusions: TaBG1 does control seed size in wheat but increasing the seed size per se does not increase yield and may come at the cost of lower concentrations of essential elements as well as potentially lower protein content. Nevertheless, TaBG1 could be a useful target for further breeding efforts in combination with other genes for increased biomass.
MeSH term(s)	Biomass ; Edible Grain/chemistry ; Edible Grain/genetics ; Edible Grain/metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nutritive Value/genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Seeds/anatomy & histology ; Seeds/chemistry ; Seeds/genetics ; Seeds/metabolism ; Triticum/anatomy & histology ; Triticum/chemistry ; Triticum/genetics ; Triticum/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2059868-3
ISSN	1471-2229 ; 1471-2229
ISSN (online)	1471-2229
ISSN	1471-2229
DOI	10.1186/s12870-021-03294-x
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Article ; Online: Ectopic expression of TaBG1 increases seed size and alters nutritional characteristics of the grain in wheat but does not lead to increased yields

Milner, Matthew J. / Bowden, Sarah / Craze, Melanie / Wallington, Emma J.

BMC Plant Biol. 2021 Dec., v. 21, no. 1 p.524-524

2021

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Grain size is thought to be a major component of yield in many plant species. Here we set out to understand if knowledge from other cereals such as rice could translate to increased yield gains in wheat and lead to increased nitrogen use ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Grain size is thought to be a major component of yield in many plant species. Here we set out to understand if knowledge from other cereals such as rice could translate to increased yield gains in wheat and lead to increased nitrogen use efficiency. Previous findings that the overexpression of OsBG1 in rice increased yields while increasing seed size suggest translating gains from rice to other cereals may help to increase yields. RESULTS: The orthologous genes of OsBG1 were identified in wheat. One homoeologous wheat gene was cloned and overexpressed in wheat to understand its role in controlling seed size. Potential alteration in the nutritional profile of the grains were also analyzed in wheat overexpressing TaBG1. It was found that increased TaBG1-A expression could indeed lead to larger seed size but was linked to a reduction in seed number per plant leading to no significant overall increase in yield. Other important components of yield such as biomass or tillering did not change significantly with increased TaBG1-A expression. The nutritional profile of the grain was altered, with a significant decrease in the Zn levels in the grain associated with increased seed size, but Fe and Mn concentrations were unchanged. Protein content of the wheat grain also fell under moderate N fertilization levels but not under deficient or adequate levels of N. CONCLUSIONS: TaBG1 does control seed size in wheat but increasing the seed size per se does not increase yield and may come at the cost of lower concentrations of essential elements as well as potentially lower protein content. Nevertheless, TaBG1 could be a useful target for further breeding efforts in combination with other genes for increased biomass.
Keywords	biomass ; genes ; nutrient content ; nutrient use efficiency ; protein content ; rice ; seed size ; tillering ; wheat ; yields
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 524.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2059868-3
ISSN	1471-2229
ISSN	1471-2229
DOI	10.1186/s12870-021-03294-x
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Turning Up the Temperature on CRISPR: Increased Temperature Can Improve the Editing Efficiency of Wheat Using CRISPR/Cas9.

Milner, Matthew J / Craze, Melanie / Hope, Matthew S / Wallington, Emma J

Frontiers in plant science

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 583374

Abstract: The application of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies has transformed our ability to target and edit designated regions of a genome. It's broad adaptability to any organism has led to countless advancements in our understanding of many biological processes. Many ... ...

Abstract	The application of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies has transformed our ability to target and edit designated regions of a genome. It's broad adaptability to any organism has led to countless advancements in our understanding of many biological processes. Many current tools are designed for simple plant systems such as diploid species, however, efficient deployment in crop species requires a greater efficiency of editing as these often contain polyploid genomes. Here, we examined the role of temperature to understand if CRISPR/Cas9 editing efficiency can be improved in wheat. The recent finding that plant growth under higher temperatures could increase mutation rates was tested with Cas9 expressed from two different promoters in wheat. Increasing the temperature of the tissue culture or of the seed germination and early growth phase increases the frequency of mutation in wheat when the Cas9 enzyme is driven by the
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2613694-6
ISSN	1664-462X
ISSN	1664-462X
DOI	10.3389/fpls.2020.583374
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Article: Identification of genes involved in male sterility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) which could be used in a genic hybrid breeding system

Milner, Matthew J. / Craze, Melanie / Bowden, Sarah / Bates, Ruth / Wallington, Emma J. / Keeling, Anthony

Plant direct. 2020 Mar., v. 4, no. 3

2020

Abstract: Wheat is grown on more land than any other crop in the world. Current estimates suggest that yields will have to increase sixty percent by 2050 to meet the demand of an ever‐increasing human population; however, recent wheat yield gains have lagged ... ...

Abstract	Wheat is grown on more land than any other crop in the world. Current estimates suggest that yields will have to increase sixty percent by 2050 to meet the demand of an ever‐increasing human population; however, recent wheat yield gains have lagged behind other major crops such as rice and maize. One of the reasons suggested for the lag in yield potential is the lack of a robust hybrid system to harness the potential yield gains associated with heterosis, also known as hybrid vigor. Here, we set out to identify candidate genes for a genic hybrid system in wheat and characterize their function in wheat using RNASeq on stamens and carpels undergoing meiosis. Twelve genes were identified as potentially playing a role in pollen viability. CalS5‐ and RPG1‐like genes were identified as pre‐ and post‐meiotic genes for further characterization and to determine their role in pollen viability. It appears that all three homoeologues of both CalS5 and RPG1 are functional in wheat as all three homoeologues need to be knocked out in order to cause male sterility. However, one functional homoeologue is sufficient to maintain male fertility in wheat.
Keywords	Triticum aestivum ; corn ; heterosis ; human population ; hybrids ; male fertility ; male sterility ; meiosis ; pollen viability ; rice ; wheat
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-03
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN	2475-4455
DOI	10.1002/pld3.201
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Over-expression of TaDWF4 increases wheat productivity under low and sufficient nitrogen through enhanced carbon assimilation.

Milner, Matthew J / Swarbreck, Stéphanie M / Craze, Melanie / Bowden, Sarah / Griffiths, Howard / Bentley, Alison R / Wallington, Emma J

Communications biology

2022 Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 193

Abstract: There is a strong pressure to reduce nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs while maintaining or increasing current cereal crop yields. We show that overexpression of TaDWF4-B, the dominant shoot expressed homoeologue of OsDWF4, in wheat can increase plant ... ...

Abstract	There is a strong pressure to reduce nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs while maintaining or increasing current cereal crop yields. We show that overexpression of TaDWF4-B, the dominant shoot expressed homoeologue of OsDWF4, in wheat can increase plant productivity by up to 105% under a range of N levels on marginal soils, resulting in increased N use efficiency (NUE). We show that a two to four-fold increase in TaDWF4 transcript levels enhances the responsiveness of genes regulated by N. The productivity increases seen were primarily due to the maintenance of photosystem II operating efficiency and carbon assimilation in plants when grown under limiting N conditions and not an overall increase in photosynthesis capacity. The increased biomass production and yield per plant in TaDWF4 OE lines could be linked to modified carbon partitioning and changes in expression pattern of the growth regulator Target Of Rapamycin, offering a route towards breeding for sustained yield and lower N inputs.
MeSH term(s)	Carbon/metabolism ; Fertilizers ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Plant Breeding ; Triticum
Chemical Substances	Fertilizers ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2399-3642
ISSN (online)	2399-3642
DOI	10.1038/s42003-022-03139-9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Over-expression of TaDWF4 increases wheat productivity under low and sufficient nitrogen through enhanced carbon assimilation

Milner, Matthew J. / Swarbreck, Stéphanie M. / Craze, Melanie / Bowden, Sarah / Griffiths, Howard / Bentley, Alison R. / Wallington, Emma J.

Communications Biology

2023

Abstract	There is a strong pressure to reduce nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs while maintaining or increasing current cereal crop yields. We show that overexpression of TaDWF4-B, the dominant shoot expressed homoeologue of OsDWF4, in wheat can increase plant productivity by up to 105% under a range of N levels on marginal soils, resulting in increased N use efficiency (NUE). We show that a two to four-fold increase in TaDWF4 transcript levels enhances the responsiveness of genes regulated by N. The productivity increases seen were primarily due to the maintenance of photosystem II operating efficiency and carbon assimilation in plants when grown under limiting N conditions and not an overall increase in photosynthesis capacity. The increased biomass production and yield per plant in TaDWF4 OE lines could be linked to modified carbon partitioning and changes in expression pattern of the growth regulator Target Of Rapamycin, offering a route towards breeding for sustained yield and lower N inputs.
Keywords	wheat ; nitrogen ; photosynthesis ; productivity ; biomass
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-20T14:50:07Z
Publisher	Springer
Publishing country	fr
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Identification of genes involved in male sterility in wheat (

Milner, Matthew J / Craze, Melanie / Bowden, Sarah / Bates, Ruth / Wallington, Emma J / Keeling, Anthony

Plant direct

2020 Volume 4, Issue 3, Page(s) e00201

Abstract: Wheat is grown on more land than any other crop in the world. Current estimates suggest that yields will have to increase sixty percent by 2050 to meet the demand of an ever-increasing human population; however, recent wheat yield gains have lagged ... ...

Abstract	Wheat is grown on more land than any other crop in the world. Current estimates suggest that yields will have to increase sixty percent by 2050 to meet the demand of an ever-increasing human population; however, recent wheat yield gains have lagged behind other major crops such as rice and maize. One of the reasons suggested for the lag in yield potential is the lack of a robust hybrid system to harness the potential yield gains associated with heterosis, also known as hybrid vigor. Here, we set out to identify candidate genes for a genic hybrid system in wheat and characterize their function in wheat using RNASeq on stamens and carpels undergoing meiosis. Twelve genes were identified as potentially playing a role in pollen viability.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2475-4455
ISSN (online)	2475-4455
DOI	10.1002/pld3.201
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Efficient generation of stable, heritable gene edits in wheat using CRISPR/Cas9.

Howells, Rhian M / Craze, Melanie / Bowden, Sarah / Wallington, Emma J

BMC plant biology

2018 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 215

Abstract: Background: The use of CRISPR/Cas9 systems could prove to be a valuable tool in crop research, providing the ability to fully knockout gene function in complex genomes or to precisely adjust gene function by knockout of individual alleles.: Results: ... ...

Abstract	Background: The use of CRISPR/Cas9 systems could prove to be a valuable tool in crop research, providing the ability to fully knockout gene function in complex genomes or to precisely adjust gene function by knockout of individual alleles. Results: We compare gene editing in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) with diploid barley (Hordeum vulgare), using a combination of single genome and tri-genome targeting. High efficiency gene editing, 11-17% for single genome targeted guides and 5% for tri-genome targeted guides, was achieved in wheat using stable Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Gene editing in wheat was shown to be predominantly heterozygous, edits were inherited in a Mendelian fashion over multiple generations and no off-target effects were observed. Comparison of editing between the two species demonstrated that more stable, heritable edits were produced in wheat, whilst barley exhibited continued and somatic editing. Conclusion: Our work shows the potential to obtain stable edited transgene-free wheat lines in 36 weeks through only two generations and that targeted mutagenesis of individual homeologues within the wheat genome is achievable with a modest amount of effort, and without off-target mutations or the need for lengthy crossing strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Agrobacterium/genetics ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; DNA, Bacterial ; Gene Editing/methods ; Genome, Plant ; Hordeum/genetics ; Plant Breeding/methods ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics ; Transformation, Genetic ; Triticum/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial ; T-DNA
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2059868-3
ISSN	1471-2229 ; 1471-2229
ISSN (online)	1471-2229
ISSN	1471-2229
DOI	10.1186/s12870-018-1433-z
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