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  1. Article: The impact and efficacy of surveillance in patients with sarcoma of the extremities.

    Cool, P / Cribb, G

    Bone & joint research

    2017  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 224–230

    Abstract: Objectives: In this cross sectional study, the impact and the efficacy of a surveillance programme for sarcomas of the extremities was analysed.: Methods: All patients who had treatment with curative intent for a high-grade sarcoma and were diagnosed ...

    Abstract Objectives: In this cross sectional study, the impact and the efficacy of a surveillance programme for sarcomas of the extremities was analysed.
    Methods: All patients who had treatment with curative intent for a high-grade sarcoma and were diagnosed before 2014 were included and followed for a minimum of two years.
    Results: Of the 909 patients who had a review appointment in 2014, 131 were under review for a high-grade sarcoma of the extremities following treatment with curative intent. Of these patients, three patients died of disease, two patients died of other causes, 12 are alive, with disease, and 114 have no evidence of disease. The surveillance programme accounts for 14% of all review appointments.Four of five patients (80%) who developed local recurrence identified the recurrence themselves. Chest radiographs are adequate in identifying metastatic disease and 11 (73%) of metastases were diagnosed during a routine follow up visit. However, the chance of cure is small and only two patients were referred for a metastatectomy. Of these only one survived for more than two years.The mean time for developing metastatic disease and local recurrence was 2.0 and 3.9 years respectively. Once identified, the mean time to death was 2.1 years for patients with metastatic disease.
    Conclusions: Surveillance of sarcoma patients makes up a substantial amount of the workload of a sarcoma unit. The chance of cure following identification of local recurrence or metastatic disease, however, is small. Alternative methods of surveillance that allow better evaluation of the patient's needs are recommended.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2669244-2
    ISSN 2046-3758
    ISSN 2046-3758
    DOI 10.1302/2046-3758.64.BJR-2016-0253.R1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Prognostic indicators of outcome for patients with skeletal metastases from carcinoma of the prostate.

    Shepherd, K L / Cool, P / Cribb, G

    The bone & joint journal

    2018  Volume 100-B, Issue 12, Page(s) 1647–1654

    Abstract: Aims: The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic indicators of outcome at presentation to the orthopaedic surgeon, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Our aim was to use this information in a pragmatic, clinic-based approach so that ... ...

    Abstract Aims: The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic indicators of outcome at presentation to the orthopaedic surgeon, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Our aim was to use this information in a pragmatic, clinic-based approach so that surgical decision making could be optimized to benefit the patient in their remaining lifetime.
    Patients and methods: A cohort analysis was undertaken of all patients with metastatic disease of the prostate who presented to a regional orthopaedic centre in the United Kingdom between 2003 and 2016. Biochemical data were collected in addition to disease and demographic data. These included: prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at orthopaedic presentation; haemoglobin (Hb); platelets (plt); alkaline phosphatase (ALP); albumin (Alb); and corrected calcium (CaC). Statistical analysis included Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and a Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to the data.
    Results: From the departmental database, 137 episodes were identified in 136 patients with a median age at presentation of 72 years (interquartile range (IQR) 66 to 78). Most patients had stage IV disease (n = 98, 72%), and most did not undergo surgical intervention. At one-year follow-up, 50% of patients had died. Biomarkers found to be independently associated with poor survival were: low Hb, low Alb, relatively low PSA (< 30 mmol/l), and a raised ALP. Patients who needed surgical intervention had a poorer survival rate than patients who were managed nonoperatively.
    Conclusion: The study findings are important for orthopaedic clinical practice in the management of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. The interpretation of routine blood tests can help to predict survival in patients who present with orthopaedic manifestations of prostate cancer. A lower PSA is not necessarily a good prognostic sign. We believe that simple blood testing should be carried out routinely when assessing a patient, guiding potential surgical management and palliative care in the future.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Bone Neoplasms/mortality ; Bone Neoplasms/secondary ; Bone Neoplasms/surgery ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Palliative Care/methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms/mortality ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate/trends ; Time Factors ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2697156-2
    ISSN 2049-4408 ; 2049-4394
    ISSN (online) 2049-4408
    ISSN 2049-4394
    DOI 10.1302/0301-620X.100B12.BJJ-2018-0697.R1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The validity of the Mirels score for predicting impending pathological fractures of the lower limb.

    Howard, E L / Shepherd, K L / Cribb, G / Cool, P

    The bone & joint journal

    2018  Volume 100-B, Issue 8, Page(s) 1100–1105

    Abstract: Aims: The aim of this study was to validate the Mirels score in predicting pathological fractures in metastatic disease of the lower limb.: Patients and methods: A total of 62 patients with confirmed metastatic disease met the inclusion criteria. Of ... ...

    Abstract Aims: The aim of this study was to validate the Mirels score in predicting pathological fractures in metastatic disease of the lower limb.
    Patients and methods: A total of 62 patients with confirmed metastatic disease met the inclusion criteria. Of the 62 patients, 32 were female and 30 were male. The mean age of patients was 65 years (35 to 89). The primary malignancy originated from the breast in 27 (44%) patients, prostate in 15 (24%) patients, kidney in seven (11%), and lung in four (6%) of patients. One patient (2%) had metastatic carcinoma from the lacrimal gland, two patients (3%) had multiple myeloma, one patient (2%) had lymphoma of bone, and five patients (8%) had metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary. Plain radiographs at the time of initial presentation were scored using Mirels system by the four authors. The radiographic components of the score (anatomical site, size, and radiographic appearance) were scored two weeks apart. Inter- and intraobserver reliability were calculated with Fleiss' kappa test. Bland-Altman plots were created to compare the variances of the individual components of the score and the total Mirels score.
    Results: Kappa values for the interobserver variability of the components of the Mirels score were k = 0.554 (95% CI 0.483 to 0.626) for site, k = 0.342 (95% CI 0.285 to 0.400) for size, k = 0.443 (95% CI 0.387 to 0.499) for radiographic appearance, and k = 0.294 (95% CI 0.258 to 0.331)for the total score. Kappa values for the intra-observer reliability were k = 0.608 (95% CI 0.506 to 0.710) for site, k = 0.579 (95% CI 0.487 to 0.670) for size, k = 0.614 (95% CI 0.522 to 0.703) for radiographic appearance, and k = 0.323 (95% CI 0.266 to 0.379) for total score.
    Conclusion: Our study showed fair to moderate agreement between authors when using the Mirels score, and moderate to substantial agreement when authors rescored radiographs. The Mirels score is subjective and lacks reproducibility in predicting the risk of pathological fracture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1100-5.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Neoplasms/secondary ; Female ; Fractures, Spontaneous/prevention & control ; Humans ; Leg Bones ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Observer Variation ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Severity of Illness Index
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Validation Studies
    ZDB-ID 2697156-2
    ISSN 2049-4408 ; 2049-4394
    ISSN (online) 2049-4408
    ISSN 2049-4394
    DOI 10.1302/0301-620X.100B8.BJJ-2018-0300.R1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Complete resolution and remodeling of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis on MRI and radiographs.

    Berkowitz, Y J / Greenwood, S J / Cribb, G / Davies, K / Cassar-Pullicino, V N

    Skeletal radiology

    2018  Volume 47, Issue 4, Page(s) 563–568

    Abstract: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare condition thought to be under-diagnosed, with a true prevalence of more than the 1 in 10,000 estimated. It is a condition that is classically described as polyostotic with a relapsing and ... ...

    Abstract Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare condition thought to be under-diagnosed, with a true prevalence of more than the 1 in 10,000 estimated. It is a condition that is classically described as polyostotic with a relapsing and remitting course, preferentially affecting the metaphyses of tubular bones in the pediatric population. Lesions have characteristic appearances of cortical hyperostosis and mixed lytic/sclerotic medullary appearances radiographically, with active osteitis and periostitis best seen with fluid-sensitive sequences on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There are reports of lesions resolving on follow-up radiographs and MRI scans, but no supporting images. In particular, although the marrow appearances and degree of osteitis have been shown to improve on MRI, complete resolution and remodeling back to normal has never been demonstrated. We present a case of a lesion that has completely healed and remodeled back to normal appearances on both radiographs and MRI, and consider this the standard for the often loosely used terms "normalization" and "resolution". We discuss the implications of this for our understanding of the natural history of CRMO, and how this adds weight to the condition being significantly under-diagnosed. It provides a "gold standard" to be aimed for when assessing treatments for CRMO, and the optimal outcomes that are possible. It also provides further insight into the potential of pediatric bone to recover and remodel when affected by inflammatory conditions.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteomyelitis/diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Wrist Joint/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 527592-1
    ISSN 1432-2161 ; 0364-2348
    ISSN (online) 1432-2161
    ISSN 0364-2348
    DOI 10.1007/s00256-017-2812-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Bone Tumours of the Talus: 18-Year Cohort of Patients With Rare Osteoid Lesions.

    Western, Luke F / Dhawan, Rohit / Cribb, Gillian / Shepherd, Karen / Cool, Paul

    Cureus

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) e13565

    Abstract: Background Bone tumours of the talus are a rare cause of ankle pain. This study aims to provide additional clinical clarity regarding the presentation and management of a minimally researched topic. Methods Sixteen patients were diagnosed with bone ... ...

    Abstract Background Bone tumours of the talus are a rare cause of ankle pain. This study aims to provide additional clinical clarity regarding the presentation and management of a minimally researched topic. Methods Sixteen patients were diagnosed with bone tumour of the talus between 2002 and 2020 following referral for ankle pain. Symptoms, diagnosis, and management were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were actively followed up until consistently symptom-free and consenting to discharge (mean of 2.9 years). An open appointment was offered to all patients to reattend the unit if symptoms recurred. Results The most common diagnosis was osteoid osteoma/osteoblastoma (nine patients), chondroblastoma (four patients), a giant cell tumour of bone, a chondral lesion in Ollier's disease and a rare metastatic renal cancer case. The mean age of onset was 29 years. Thirteen patients experienced ankle pain without a clear precipitating cause. Night pain was less common in osteoid osteoma/osteoblastoma than usually observed in the literature. The mean delay in diagnosis was two years, often due to an incorrect diagnosis of soft tissue injury. Plain radiographs are insufficient to identify most lesions. Ten patients underwent computed tomography (CT)-guided radiofrequency ablation and five patients had open surgical curettage. Ollier's disease was managed with orthotics. The five cases of recurrence across four patients were managed operatively. Conclusions Patients are usually young and healthy with benign disease, but talus tumours can cause significant functional impairment. Unexplained ankle pain should be extensively examined and be further investigated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT scanning to avoid missing these rare tumours.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.13565
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Bone biopsy results in patients with a history of malignancy: a case series of 378 patients.

    Morris, Rhys / Shepherd, Karen / Cribb, Gillian / Singh, Jaspreet / Tyrrell, Prudencia / Cool, Paul

    Skeletal radiology

    2020  Volume 50, Issue 6, Page(s) 1111–1116

    Abstract: Objective: The value of a bone biopsy in patients who present with a bone lesion and past medical history of malignancy is uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of bone biopsies in patients with a history of a malignancy ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The value of a bone biopsy in patients who present with a bone lesion and past medical history of malignancy is uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of bone biopsies in patients with a history of a malignancy undergoing bone biopsy of a lesion in a regional bone tumour unit. Secondary outcomes include the assessment of survival in the different outcome groups.
    Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study of patients, with a previous malignancy and suspicious bone lesions, who underwent bone biopsy for final diagnosis between March 2010 and September 2019. Results of the biopsy were summarized into 3 groups: confirmed original malignancy, confirmed benign diagnosis, and confirmed new malignancy. Survival analysis of each group was also undertaken.
    Results: A total of 378 patients met the inclusion criteria (mean age 64 years, 216 females (57%)). In 250 cases (66%), the original malignancy was confirmed on the bone biopsy; in 128 cases, an alternative diagnosis was confirmed (benign diagnosis in 69 (18%)), and 59 had a new malignancy (16%). Survival was significantly greater for those in whom a benign diagnosis was confirmed (logrank test p = 0.0100).
    Conclusion: This study shows that for patients presenting with a suspicious bone lesion, together with a history of malignancy, in a third of cases, the bone biopsy will confirm an alternative diagnosis of a benign lesion or a new malignancy. Survival of these patients will vary significantly depending on the biopsy outcome.
    MeSH term(s) Biopsy ; Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-23
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 527592-1
    ISSN 1432-2161 ; 0364-2348
    ISSN (online) 1432-2161
    ISSN 0364-2348
    DOI 10.1007/s00256-020-03652-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Hemiarthroplasty proximal femoral endoprostheses following tumour reconstruction: is acetabular replacement necessary?

    Stevenson, J D / Kumar, V S / Cribb, G L / Cool, P

    The bone & joint journal

    2018  Volume 100-B, Issue 1, Page(s) 101–108

    Abstract: Aims: Dislocation rates are reportedly lower in patients requiring proximal femoral hemiarthroplasty than for patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for neoplasia. Without acetabular replacement, pain due to acetabular wear necessitating revision surgery ... ...

    Abstract Aims: Dislocation rates are reportedly lower in patients requiring proximal femoral hemiarthroplasty than for patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for neoplasia. Without acetabular replacement, pain due to acetabular wear necessitating revision surgery has been described. We aimed to determine whether wear of the native acetabulum following hemiarthroplasty necessitates revision surgery with secondary replacement of the acetabulum after proximal femoral replacement (PFR) for tumour reconstruction.
    Patients and methods: We reviewed 100 consecutive PFRs performed between January 2003 and January 2013 without acetabular resurfacing. The procedure was undertaken in 74 patients with metastases, for a primary bone tumour in 20 and for myeloma in six. There were 48 male and 52 female patients, with a mean age of 61.4 years (19 to 85) and median follow-up of two years (interquartile range (IQR) 0.5 to 3.7 years). In total, 52 patients presented with a pathological fracture and six presented with failed fixation of a previously instrumented pathological fracture.
    Results: All patients underwent reconstruction with either a unipolar (n = 64) or bipolar (n = 36) articulation. There were no dislocations and no acetabular resurfacings. Articular wear was graded using the criteria of Baker et al from 0 to 3, where by 0 is normal; grade 1 represents a narrowing of articular cartilage and no bone erosion; grade 2 represents acetabular bone erosion and early migration; and grade 3 represents protrusio acetabuli. Of the 49 patients with radiological follow-up greater than one year, six demonstrated grade 1 acetabular wear and two demonstrated grade 2 acetabular wear. The remainder demonstrated no radiographic evidence of wear. Median medial migration was 0.3 mm (IQR -0.2 to 0.7) and superior migration was 0.3 mm (IQR -0.2 to 0.6). No relationship between unipolar
    Conclusion: Hemiarthroplasty PFRs for tumour reconstruction eliminate joint instability and, in the short to medium term, do not lead to native acetabular wear necessitating later acetabular resurfacing. Cite this article:
    MeSH term(s) Acetabulum/diagnostic imaging ; Acetabulum/surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/adverse effects ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods ; Female ; Femoral Neoplasms/secondary ; Femoral Neoplasms/surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemiarthroplasty/adverse effects ; Hemiarthroplasty/methods ; Hip Dislocation/etiology ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Limb Salvage/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Failure ; Radiography ; Reoperation/methods ; Reoperation/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2697156-2
    ISSN 2049-4408 ; 2049-4394
    ISSN (online) 2049-4408
    ISSN 2049-4394
    DOI 10.1302/0301-620X.100B1.BJJ-2017-0005.R1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Unusual lesions mimicking impingement syndrome in the shoulder joint - Think medially.

    Singh, Rohit / Malhotra, Akshay / Cribb, Gillian / Cool, Paul / Hay, Stuart

    Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

    2016  Volume 10, Page(s) 88–91

    Abstract: Impingement syndrome is usually caused by irritation of the rotator cuff within the sub acromial space and this includes the coraco-acromial arch (Acromion and Coraco-acromial ligament), the acromio-clavicular joint and occasionally the coracoid. ... ...

    Abstract Impingement syndrome is usually caused by irritation of the rotator cuff within the sub acromial space and this includes the coraco-acromial arch (Acromion and Coraco-acromial ligament), the acromio-clavicular joint and occasionally the coracoid. Iatrogenic causes such as sutures, pins, plates or wires left from previous surgery can cause similar symptoms. We present a series of four cases mimicking "classical" impingement symptoms/signs in which the causal pathology was identified outside the sub-acromial space. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed lesions that were present in the supra-spinatus fossa but were causing pressure effects on the sub-acromial space, namely - a ganglion cyst in one case, lipomata in two other cases, and a glomus tumour. A ganglion cyst and glomus tumour mimicking impingement syndrome is a rare reported case to our knowledge. These are unusual causes that should be considered when investigating classical impingement syndrome and particularly those who may have failed to respond to decompression surgery. They highlight the potential value of looking beyond the sub-acromial space for causal lesions and in these cases, at a time when limited ultrasound investigation has become increasingly popular; MRI has clearly played an important and was essential in planning surgery as these lesions would not have been identified on USS. Even though the symptoms were classical.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2745440-X
    ISSN 2049-0801
    ISSN 2049-0801
    DOI 10.1016/j.amsu.2016.08.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Diffuse pigmented villonodular synovitis (diffuse-type giant cell tumour) of the foot and ankle.

    Stevenson, J D / Jaiswal, A / Gregory, J J / Mangham, D C / Cribb, G / Cool, P

    The bone & joint journal

    2013  Volume 95-B, Issue 3, Page(s) 384–390

    Abstract: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare benign disease of the synovium of joints and tendon sheaths, which may be locally aggressive. We present 18 patients with diffuse-type PVNS of the foot and ankle followed for a mean of 5.1 years (2 to 11 ... ...

    Abstract Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare benign disease of the synovium of joints and tendon sheaths, which may be locally aggressive. We present 18 patients with diffuse-type PVNS of the foot and ankle followed for a mean of 5.1 years (2 to 11.8). There were seven men and 11 women, with a mean age of 42 years (18 to 73). A total of 13 patients underwent open or arthroscopic synovectomy, without post-operative radiotherapy. One had surgery at the referring unit before presentation with residual tibiotalar PVNS. The four patients who were managed non-operatively remain symptomatically controlled and under clinical and radiological surveillance. At final follow-up the mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society score was 93.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 85 to 100), the mean Toronto Extremity Salvage Score was 92 (95% CI 82 to 100) and the mean American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons foot and ankle score was 89 (95% CI 79 to 100). The lesion in the patient with residual PVNS resolved radiologically without further intervention six years after surgery. Targeted synovectomy without adjuvant radiotherapy can result in excellent outcomes, without recurrence. Asymptomatic patients can be successfully managed non-operatively. This is the first series to report clinical outcome scores for patients with diffuse-type PVNS of the foot and ankle.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Joint/pathology ; Ankle Joint/surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot Joints/pathology ; Foot Joints/surgery ; Giant Cell Tumors/diagnosis ; Giant Cell Tumors/therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prospective Studies ; Synovectomy ; Synovial Membrane/pathology ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/diagnosis ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2697156-2
    ISSN 2049-4408 ; 2049-4394
    ISSN (online) 2049-4408
    ISSN 2049-4394
    DOI 10.1302/0301-620X.95B3.30192
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Biopsy of bone tumours using a suction trap.

    Cribb, G L / Steadman, P B

    Journal of surgical oncology

    2009  Volume 100, Issue 5, Page(s) 423–424

    MeSH term(s) Biopsy/instrumentation ; Biopsy/methods ; Bone Neoplasms/pathology ; Bone and Bones/pathology ; Humans ; Suction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-10-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 82063-5
    ISSN 1096-9098 ; 0022-4790
    ISSN (online) 1096-9098
    ISSN 0022-4790
    DOI 10.1002/jso.21309
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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