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Book ; Online: A lightweight semi-centralized strategy for the massive parallelization of branching algorithms

Pastrana-Cruz, Andres / Lafond, Manuel

2023

Abstract: Several NP-hard problems are solved exactly using exponential-time branching strategies, whether it be branch-and-bound algorithms, or bounded search trees in fixed-parameter algorithms. The number of tractable instances that can be handled by sequential ...

Abstract	Several NP-hard problems are solved exactly using exponential-time branching strategies, whether it be branch-and-bound algorithms, or bounded search trees in fixed-parameter algorithms. The number of tractable instances that can be handled by sequential algorithms is usually small, whereas massive parallelization has been shown to significantly increase the space of instances that can be solved exactly. However, previous centralized approaches require too much communication to be efficient, whereas decentralized approaches are more efficient but have difficulty keeping track of the global state of the exploration. In this work, we propose to revisit the centralized paradigm while avoiding previous bottlenecks. In our strategy, the center has lightweight responsibilities, requires only a few bits for every communication, but is still able to keep track of the progress of every worker. In particular, the center never holds any task but is able to guarantee that a process with no work always receives the highest priority task globally. Our strategy was implemented in a generic C++ library called GemPBA, which allows a programmer to convert a sequential branching algorithm into a parallel version by changing only a few lines of code. An experimental case study on the vertex cover problem demonstrates that some of the toughest instances from the DIMACS challenge graphs that would take months to solve sequentially can be handled within two hours with our approach.
Keywords	Computer Science - Distributed ; Parallel ; and Cluster Computing ; 00001111 00001111 00001111 0000 ; 1111
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-05-15
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Longitudinal trajectories of substance use disorder treatment use: A latent class growth analysis using a national cohort in Chile.

Bórquez, Ignacio / Cerdá, Magdalena / González-Santa Cruz, Andrés / Krawczyk, Noa / Castillo-Carniglia, Álvaro

Addiction (Abingdon, England)

2024 Volume 119, Issue 4, Page(s) 753–765

Abstract: Background and aims: Longitudinal studies have revealed that substance use treatment use is often recurrent among patients; the longitudinal patterns and characteristics of those treatment trajectories have received less attention, particularly in the ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Longitudinal studies have revealed that substance use treatment use is often recurrent among patients; the longitudinal patterns and characteristics of those treatment trajectories have received less attention, particularly in the global south. This study aimed to disentangle heterogeneity in treatment use among adult patients in Chile by identifying distinct treatment trajectory groups and factors associated with them. Design: National-level registry-based retrospective cohort. Setting and participants: Adults admitted to publicly funded substance use disorder treatment programs in Chile from November 2009 to November 2010 and followed for 9 years (n = 6266). Measurements: Monthly treatment use; type of treatment; ownership of the treatment center; discharge status; primary substance used; sociodemographic. Findings: A seven-class treatment trajectory solution was chosen using latent class growth analysis. We identified three trajectory groups that did not recur and had different treatment lengths: Early discontinuation (32%), Less than a year in treatment (19.7%) and Year-long episode, without recurrence (12.3%). We also identified a mixed trajectory group that had a long first treatment or two treatment episodes with a brief time between treatments: Long first treatment, or immediate recurrence (6.3%), and three recurrent treatment trajectory groups: Recurrent and decreasing (14.2%), Early discontinuation with recurrence (9.9%) and Recurrent after long between treatments period (5.7%). Inpatient or outpatient high intensity (vs. outpatient low intensity) at first entry increased the odds of being in the longer one-episode groups compared with the Early discontinuation group. Women had increased odds of belonging to all the recurrent groups. Using cocaine paste (vs. alcohol) as a primary substance decreased the odds of belonging to long one-episode groups. Conclusions: In Chile, people in publicly funded treatment for substance use disorder show seven distinct care trajectories: three groups with different treatment lengths and no recurring episodes, a mixed group with a long first treatment or two treatment episodes with a short between-treatment-episodes period and three recurrent treatment groups.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Chile/epidemiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Substance-Related Disorders/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1141051-6
ISSN	1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
ISSN (online)	1360-0443
ISSN	0965-2140
DOI	10.1111/add.16412
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Article ; Online: Measuring constitutional preferences: A new method for analyzing public consultation data.

Cruz, Andrés / Elkins, Zachary / Gardner, Roy / Martin, Matthew / Moran, Ashley

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 12, Page(s) e0295396

Abstract: Public consultation has become an indispensable part of constitutional design, yet the voluminous, narrative data produced are often impractical to analyze. There are also few, if any, standards for such analysis. Using a comprehensive reference ontology ...

Abstract	Public consultation has become an indispensable part of constitutional design, yet the voluminous, narrative data produced are often impractical to analyze. There are also few, if any, standards for such analysis. Using a comprehensive reference ontology from the Comparative Constitutions Project (CCP), we develop a new methodology to identify constitutional topics of most concern to citizens and compare these to topics in constitutions globally. We analyze data from Chile's 2016 public consultations-an ambitious process that produced nearly 265,000 narrative responses and launched the constitutional reform process that remains underway today. We leverage advances in natural language processing, in particular sentence-level semantic similarity technology, to classify consultation responses with respect to constitutional topics. Our methodology has potential for advocates, drafters, and researchers seeking to analyze public consultation data that too often go unexamined.
MeSH term(s)	Semantics ; Referral and Consultation ; Natural Language Processing ; Reference Standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0295396
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Article ; Online: Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus movements between Europe and Africa show a pattern across the Strait of Gibraltar

Ramírez, Juan / Elorriaga, Javier / de la Cruz, Andrés

Ostrich. 2022 Oct. 28, v. 93, no. 3 p.151-156

2022

Abstract: The biology of the Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus is well known across its breeding range, and the species’ dispersal and movements throughout Europe are widely recorded. However, the ecology of this vulture south of the Mediterranean Sea has been ... ...

Abstract	The biology of the Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus is well known across its breeding range, and the species’ dispersal and movements throughout Europe are widely recorded. However, the ecology of this vulture south of the Mediterranean Sea has been overlooked, probably owing to the belief that the presence of Cinereous Vultures in North Africa derives from dispersal behaviour. Data from raptor watch records demonstrate a pattern of Cinereous Vultures flying to Africa in the autumn and returning to Europe in the spring, which does not fit with a dispersal movement. Furthermore, once in Africa, the destination of Cinereous Vultures is the Sahel Belt, where other vulture species, namely the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus and Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus, also overwinter.
Keywords	Aegypius monachus ; Neophron percnopterus ; Sahel ; autumn ; dispersal behavior ; ecology ; ostriches ; spring ; vultures ; Europe ; Mediterranean Sea ; Northern Africa ; Strait of Gibraltar ; count data ; dispersal ; migration ; non-adult ; passage phenology ; raptors ; wintering
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1028
Size	p. 151-156.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	1727-947X
DOI	10.2989/00306525.2022.2103195
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Micropropagation of Guarianthe skinneri (Bateman) Dressler & W. E. Higging in Temporary Immersion Bioreactors.

Hernández-Domínguez, Elizabeta / López-Aguilar, David Raúl / Orduño-Cruz, Andrés / Zetina-Córdoba, Pedro / Ramírez-Mosqueda, Marco A

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2024 Volume 2759, Page(s) 149–156

Abstract: Guarianthe skinneri (Bateman) Dressler & W. E. Higgins is an orchid valued for its ornamental characteristics. However, it is an orchid classified as threatened with extinction due to the illegal extraction from its natural habitat. In addition, its ... ...

Abstract	Guarianthe skinneri (Bateman) Dressler & W. E. Higgins is an orchid valued for its ornamental characteristics. However, it is an orchid classified as threatened with extinction due to the illegal extraction from its natural habitat. In addition, its propagation through seed germination is very low, as is the case with most members of the family Orchidaceae. Its asexual propagation through pseudobulb separation is slow and produces a few propagules. For this reason, in vitro propagation techniques are an alternative to increase the number of plants obtained and thus be able to recover this valuable plant genetic resource. Temporary immersion systems (TIS) offer the advantage of mass-propagating plants for different purposes. This chapter describes a large-scale micropropagation protocol for Guarianthe skinneri using temporary immersion bioreactors (TIB).
MeSH term(s)	Immersion ; Orchidaceae ; Bioreactors ; Reproduction ; Reproduction, Asexual
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-3654-1_14
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Substance use treatment completion and criminal justice system contact in Chile: A retrospective, linked data cohort study.

Mateo Pinones, Mariel / González-Santa Cruz, Andrés / Castillo-Carniglia, Alvaro / Bond, Christine / Payne, Jason / McGee, Tara Renae

Addiction (Abingdon, England)

2024

Abstract: Background and aims: Substance use treatment (SUT) has shown to be effective in reducing self-reported offending; however, the association between SUT completion and criminal justice system (CJS) contact has been underexplored, especially in Latin ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Substance use treatment (SUT) has shown to be effective in reducing self-reported offending; however, the association between SUT completion and criminal justice system (CJS) contact has been underexplored, especially in Latin America. This study aimed to estimate the association between SUT completion status and (1) any subsequent CJS contact and (2) CJS contact leading to imprisonment, at 1, 3 and 5 years post-discharge, in Chile. Design: Retrospective cohort study using multivariable survival analysis based on linked administrative data from 2010 to 2019. Setting: This study took place in Chile, where SUT is available at no cost through Chile's publicly funded health-care, and is provided in outpatient and inpatient modalities in public and private centres. Participants: A total of 70 854 individuals received their first SUT from 2010 to 2019. They were mainly males (76.3%), and their main substance used at admission was cocaine paste (39.2%). Measurements: SUT completion status included completion, late dropout (≥ 3 months) and early dropout (< 3 months). Outcomes were (1) any CJS contact and (2) CJS contact leading to imprisonment after baseline treatment. We estimated the association between treatment completion and CJS contact through flexible parametric Royston-Parmar models while adjusting for several covariates. Findings: Those who completed SUT (27.2%) were less likely to have any CJS contact at 5 years post-SUT compared with those who dropped out late [with a gap of -9.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -8.7, -10.3] and early (-11.2%, 95% CI = -10.1, -12.3). Also, those who completed SUT were less likely to have CJS contact leading to imprisonment at 5 years post-SUT compared with those who dropped out late (-2.6%, 95% CI = -2.2, -3.1) and early (-4.0%, 95% CI = -3.3, -4.6). These differences were also observed at 1 and 3 years post-SUT for each outcome. Conclusions: In Chile, completion of substance use treatment appears to be associated with lower probabilities of both any criminal justice system contact and contact leading to imprisonment.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1141051-6
ISSN	1360-0443 ; 0965-2140
ISSN (online)	1360-0443
ISSN	0965-2140
DOI	10.1111/add.16488
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Article ; Online: [No title information]

Saldias-Fernández, Maria Angelica / Gónzales-Santa-Cruz, Andrés / Parra-Giordano, Denisse

Salud publica de Mexico

2023 Volume 66, Issue 1, ene-feb, Page(s) 17–24

Abstract: Objetivo: Identificar factores sociodemográficos y sanitarios en mujeres que requirieron prestaciones asociadas con la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo (IVE). Material y métodos. Diseño transversal retrospectivo desde registros oficiales por centros ...

Title translation	Interrupción del embarazo en Chile 2018-2020: rol de las variables sociodemográficas y sanitarias sobre la decisión de la mujer.
Abstract	Objetivo: Identificar factores sociodemográficos y sanitarios en mujeres que requirieron prestaciones asociadas con la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo (IVE). Material y métodos. Diseño transversal retrospectivo desde registros oficiales por centros de salud entre 2018-2020. Análisis con estadística descriptiva y modelos de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: Asociación entre IVE y causal por violación vs. riesgo de vida de la mujer (aRP [razón de prevalencia ajustada]=1.16 [IC95%: 1.11,1.21]); nivel Fonasa A (Fondo Nacional de Salud) (aRP=0.79 [IC95%: 0.67,0.93]), B (aRP= 0.79 [IC95%: 0.67,0.93]) y C vs. Isapre (Institución de Salud Previsional) (aRP= 0.73 [IC95%: 0.58,0.93]). A medida que aumenta el nivel de atención, desde nivel primario al terciario, incrementaría la probabilidad de interrumpir el embarazo (aRM [razón de momios ajustados]= 0.59 IC95%: 0.36,0.99; aRM= 0.58 [IC95%: 0.35,0.96]). Conclusión. Se proporcionan estimaciones nacionales en materia de IVE. Destaca que diferentes determinantes sociosanitarios son importantes de considerar para promover lineamientos y políticas sanitarias para promover los derechos sexuales y reproductivos, y la autonomía reproductiva.
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2023-12-08
Publishing country	Mexico
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	954220-6
ISSN	1606-7916 ; 0036-3634
ISSN (online)	1606-7916
ISSN	0036-3634
DOI	10.21149/14670
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Article ; Online: Does substance use disorder treatment completion reduce the risk of treatment readmission in Chile?

Maturana, José Ruiz-Tagle / Cruz, Andrés González-Santa / Rocha-Jiménez, Teresita / Castillo-Carniglia, Álvaro

Drug and alcohol dependence

2023 Volume 248, Page(s) 109907

Abstract: Background: Recovery from substance use disorders (SUD) often entails multiple treatment episodes, which clashes with a context of a treatment system with limited resources and long waiting. Treatment retention and completion have been pointed out as ... ...

Abstract	Background: Recovery from substance use disorders (SUD) often entails multiple treatment episodes, which clashes with a context of a treatment system with limited resources and long waiting. Treatment retention and completion have been pointed out as key elements for sustainable achievement; however, most of the evidence generated focuses on opioids and injected substances, which is hardly transferable to the Latin American context. Objectives: This study aims to estimate the effect of SUD treatment completion on the risk of being readmitted to a SUD treatment in Chile. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis on a database of 107,559 treatment episodes from 85,048 adult patients admitted to SUD treatment during 2010-2019 in Chile. We adjusted two separate Prentice Williams and Petersen Gap Time models, to explore the association between treatment completion (vs. non-completion) and up to the third treatment readmission among residential and ambulatory modalities while controlling for time-varying covariates. To examine whether the effect of treatment completion differs between events, we included an interaction term with the stratification variable. Results: We found that completing the treatment cuts readmission risk for the first event by 17% (Average Hazard Ratio [95% CI] = 0.83 [0.78, 0.88]) and by 14% for the second entry (Average Hazard Ratio [95% CI] = 0.86 [0.78, 0.94]) in ambulatory treatments. We did not find evidence that completing a treatment reduces the readmission risk for residential treatments or third attempts in ambulatory ones. Conclusion: Treatment completion was associated with benefits in cutting readmission risk for the first and second episodes in ambulatory treatments among Chilean adults. It is important to explore different mechanisms than treatment retention for residential treatments.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Chile ; Patient Readmission ; Retrospective Studies ; Substance-Related Disorders/therapy ; Hospitalization
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-29
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	519918-9
ISSN	1879-0046 ; 0376-8716
ISSN (online)	1879-0046
ISSN	0376-8716
DOI	10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109907
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Article ; Online: Evidence-based policymaking: Lessons from the Chilean Substance Use Treatment Policy.

Mateo Pinones, Mariel / González-Santa Cruz, Andrés / Portilla Huidobro, Rodrigo / Castillo-Carniglia, Alvaro

The International journal on drug policy

2022 Volume 109, Page(s) 103860

Abstract: Background: Evidence-based policymaking is a guiding paradigm of substance use treatment (SUT) policy, that seeks to prioritise scientific criteria over other concerns (e.g., economic, political) when addressing policy decisions. We provide a ... ...

Abstract	Background: Evidence-based policymaking is a guiding paradigm of substance use treatment (SUT) policy, that seeks to prioritise scientific criteria over other concerns (e.g., economic, political) when addressing policy decisions. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the context and mechanisms that enable and constrain evidence to improve the Chilean SUT policy and draw some lessons that might be useful to other contexts, particularly low and middle-income countries. Methods: This study relied on an interpretive case study design based on the principles of realist evaluation. We included interviews (N≈17) with international, national, regional, and local policymakers and experts, as well as technical and clinical teams from private and public care SUT providers in Chile. Results: Complex sets of institutional realities and notions of 'evidence' shared by actors - between other elements- guide the SUT policy decisions and shape the specific type of evidence considered relevant. Evidence is understood in Chile in narrow terms, and national non-experimental research is often overlooked. This limits the possibility of studying other research questions that could contribute to improving and informing SUT policy. Conclusions: In contexts where addiction research resources are limited, it appears necessary to re-frame the notion of "evidence", to consider relevant national non-experimental knowledge to strengthen SUT policy and achieve its goals. Indeed, this study is an example of how methodological approaches, such as case analysis, can provide a powerful heuristic alternative contribution to the local and global mental health debate.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Chile ; Health Policy ; Policy Making ; Global Health ; Substance-Related Disorders/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2010000-0
ISSN	1873-4758 ; 0955-3959
ISSN (online)	1873-4758
ISSN	0955-3959
DOI	10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103860
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Article: Frequencies of variants in genes associated with dyslipidemias identified in Costa Rican genomes.

Valverde-Hernández, Juan Carlos / Flores-Cruz, Andrés / Chavarría-Soley, Gabriela / Silva de la Fuente, Sandra / Campos-Sánchez, Rebeca

Frontiers in genetics

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1114774

Abstract: Dyslipidemias are risk factors in diseases of significant importance to public health, such as atherosclerosis, a condition that contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. Unhealthy lifestyles, the pre-existence of diseases, and the ... ...

Abstract	Dyslipidemias are risk factors in diseases of significant importance to public health, such as atherosclerosis, a condition that contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. Unhealthy lifestyles, the pre-existence of diseases, and the accumulation of genetic variants in some
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606823-0
ISSN	1664-8021
ISSN	1664-8021
DOI	10.3389/fgene.2023.1114774
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