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  1. Book ; Online: A comparative study of scoring systems by simulations

    Csató, László

    2021  

    Abstract: Scoring rules aggregate individual rankings by assigning some points to each position in each ranking such that the total sum of points provides the overall ranking of the alternatives. They are widely used in sports competitions consisting of multiple ... ...

    Abstract Scoring rules aggregate individual rankings by assigning some points to each position in each ranking such that the total sum of points provides the overall ranking of the alternatives. They are widely used in sports competitions consisting of multiple contests. We study the tradeoff between two risks in this setting: (1) the threat of early clinch when the title has been clinched before the last contest(s) of the competition take place; (2) the danger of winning the competition without finishing first in any contest. In particular, four historical points scoring systems of the Formula One World Championship are compared with the family of geometric scoring rules, recently proposed by an axiomatic approach. The schemes used in practice are found to be competitive with respect to these goals, and the current rule seems to be a reasonable compromise close to the Pareto frontier. Our results shed more light on the evolution of the Formula One points scoring systems and contribute to the issue of choosing the set of point values.

    Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables
    Keywords Statistics - Other Statistics ; Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory ; Economics - General Economics ; 62F07 ; 68U20 ; 91B14}
    Publishing date 2021-01-12
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Fairness in penalty shootouts: Is it worth using dynamic sequences?

    Csató, László / Petróczy, Dóra Gréta

    Journal of sports sciences

    2022  Volume 40, Issue 12, Page(s) 1392–1398

    Abstract: The sequence of moves in a dynamic team tournament may distort the ex-ante winning probabilities and harm efficiency. This paper compares seven soccer penalty shootout rules that determine the kicking order, from a theoretical perspective. Their fairness ...

    Abstract The sequence of moves in a dynamic team tournament may distort the ex-ante winning probabilities and harm efficiency. This paper compares seven soccer penalty shootout rules that determine the kicking order, from a theoretical perspective. Their fairness is evaluated in a reasonable model of First Mover Advantage. We also discuss the probability of reaching the sudden death stage. In the case of stationary scoring probabilities, dynamic mechanisms are not better than static rules. However, it is worth compensating the second-mover by making it the first-mover in the sudden death stage. Our work has the potential to impact decision-makers who can guarantee fairer outcomes in dynamic tournaments by a carefully chosen sequence of actions.
    MeSH term(s) Athletic Performance ; Competitive Behavior ; Death, Sudden ; Humans ; Probability ; Soccer
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 995528-8
    ISSN 1466-447X ; 0264-0414
    ISSN (online) 1466-447X
    ISSN 0264-0414
    DOI 10.1080/02640414.2022.2081402
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Book ; Online: Journal ranking should depend on the level of aggregation

    Csató, László

    2019  

    Abstract: Journal ranking is becoming more important in assessing the quality of academic research. Several indices have been suggested for this purpose, typically on the basis of a citation graph between the journals. We follow an axiomatic approach and find an ... ...

    Abstract Journal ranking is becoming more important in assessing the quality of academic research. Several indices have been suggested for this purpose, typically on the basis of a citation graph between the journals. We follow an axiomatic approach and find an impossibility theorem: any self-consistent ranking method, which satisfies a natural monotonicity property, should depend on the level of aggregation. Our result presents a trade-off between two axiomatic properties and reveals a dilemma of aggregation.

    Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures
    Keywords Computer Science - Digital Libraries ; Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory ; Economics - Theoretical Economics ; 91A80 ; 91B14
    Publishing date 2019-04-08
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Active Learning with Bayesian UNet for Efficient Semantic Image Segmentation.

    Saidu, Isah Charles / Csató, Lehel

    Journal of imaging

    2021  Volume 7, Issue 2

    Abstract: We present a sample-efficient image segmentation method using active learning, we call it Active Bayesian UNet, or AB-UNet. This is a convolutional neural network using batch normalization and max-pool dropout. The Bayesian setup is achieved by ... ...

    Abstract We present a sample-efficient image segmentation method using active learning, we call it Active Bayesian UNet, or AB-UNet. This is a convolutional neural network using batch normalization and max-pool dropout. The Bayesian setup is achieved by exploiting the probabilistic extension of the dropout mechanism, leading to the possibility to use the uncertainty inherently present in the system. We set up our experiments on various medical image datasets and highlight that with a smaller annotation effort our AB-UNet leads to stable training and better generalization. Added to this, we can efficiently choose from an unlabelled dataset.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2824270-1
    ISSN 2313-433X ; 2313-433X
    ISSN (online) 2313-433X
    ISSN 2313-433X
    DOI 10.3390/jimaging7020037
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Book ; Online: Axiomatizations of inconsistency indices for triads

    Csató, László

    2018  

    Abstract: Pairwise comparison matrices often exhibit inconsistency, therefore many indices have been suggested to measure their deviation from a consistent matrix. A set of axioms has been proposed recently that is required to be satisfied by any reasonable ... ...

    Abstract Pairwise comparison matrices often exhibit inconsistency, therefore many indices have been suggested to measure their deviation from a consistent matrix. A set of axioms has been proposed recently that is required to be satisfied by any reasonable inconsistency index. This set seems to be not exhaustive as illustrated by an example, hence it is expanded by adding two new properties. All axioms are considered on the set of triads, pairwise comparison matrices with three alternatives, which is the simplest case of inconsistency. We choose the logically independent properties and prove that they characterize, that is, uniquely determine the inconsistency ranking induced by most inconsistency indices that coincide on this restricted domain. Since triads play a prominent role in a number of inconsistency indices, our results can also contribute to the measurement of inconsistency for pairwise comparison matrices with more than three alternatives.

    Comment: 12 pages
    Keywords Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; 90B50 ; 91B08
    Publishing date 2018-01-10
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Book ; Online: A comparison of penalty shootout designs in soccer

    Csató, László

    2018  

    Abstract: Penalty shootout in soccer is recognized to be unfair because the team kicking first in all rounds enjoys a significant advantage. The so-called Catch-Up Rule has been suggested recently to solve this problem but is shown here not to be fairer than the ... ...

    Abstract Penalty shootout in soccer is recognized to be unfair because the team kicking first in all rounds enjoys a significant advantage. The so-called Catch-Up Rule has been suggested recently to solve this problem but is shown here not to be fairer than the simpler deterministic Alternating (ABBA) Rule that has already been tried. We introduce the Adjusted Catch-Up Rule by guaranteeing the first penalty of the possible sudden death stage to the team disadvantaged in the first round. It outperforms the Catch-Up and Alternating Rules, while remains straightforward to implement. A general measure of complexity for penalty shootout mechanisms is also provided as the minimal number of binary questions required to decide the first-mover in a given round without knowing the history of the penalty shootout. This quantification permits a two-dimensional evaluation of any mechanism proposed in the future.

    Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables
    Keywords Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory
    Subject code 515
    Publishing date 2018-06-04
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: On the ranking of a Swiss system chess team tournament

    Csató, László

    Annals of operations research , p. 17-36

    2017  , Page(s) 17–36

    Author's details László Csató
    Keywords Spiel ; Wettkampf ; Maximum-Likelihood-Schätzung ; Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung ; Ranking-Verfahren ; Schweiz
    Language English
    Publisher Springer Science + Business Media
    Publishing place New York, NY [u.a.]
    Document type Article
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  8. Article: Measuring centrality by a generalization of degree

    Csató, Lászlo

    Central European journal of operations research : CEJOR ; official journal of the Austrian, Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, Slovakian and Slovenian OR Societies Vol. 25, No. 4 , p. 771-790

    2017  Volume 25, Issue 4, Page(s) 771–790

    Author's details Lászlo Csató
    Keywords Network ; Centrality measure ; Degree ; Axiomatic approach
    Language English
    Publisher Springer
    Publishing place Berlin
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1178875-6 ; 2093829-9
    ISSN 1613-9178 ; 1435-246X
    ISSN (online) 1613-9178
    ISSN 1435-246X
    Database ECONomics Information System

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  9. Book ; Online: Inconsistency thresholds for incomplete pairwise comparison matrices

    Ágoston, Kolos Csaba / Csató, László

    2021  

    Abstract: Pairwise comparison matrices are increasingly used in settings where some pairs are missing. However, there exist few inconsistency indices for similar incomplete data sets and no reasonable measure has an associated threshold. This paper generalises the ...

    Abstract Pairwise comparison matrices are increasingly used in settings where some pairs are missing. However, there exist few inconsistency indices for similar incomplete data sets and no reasonable measure has an associated threshold. This paper generalises the famous rule of thumb for the acceptable level of inconsistency, proposed by Saaty, to incomplete pairwise comparison matrices. The extension is based on choosing the missing elements such that the maximal eigenvalue of the incomplete matrix is minimised. Consequently, the well-established values of the random index cannot be adopted: the inconsistency of random matrices is found to be the function of matrix size and the number of missing elements, with a nearly linear dependence in the case of the latter variable. Our results can be directly built into decision-making software and used by practitioners as a statistical criterion for accepting or rejecting an incomplete pairwise comparison matrix.

    Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables
    Keywords Mathematics - Statistics Theory ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Mathematics - Optimization and Control ; Statistics - Applications ; 90B50 ; 91B08
    Subject code 519
    Publishing date 2021-02-21
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Active Learning with Bayesian UNet for Efficient Semantic Image Segmentation

    Isah Charles Saidu / Lehel Csató

    Journal of Imaging, Vol 7, Iss 2, p

    2021  Volume 37

    Abstract: We present a sample-efficient image segmentation method using active learning, we call it Active Bayesian UNet, or AB-UNet. This is a convolutional neural network using batch normalization and max-pool dropout. The Bayesian setup is achieved by ... ...

    Abstract We present a sample-efficient image segmentation method using active learning, we call it Active Bayesian UNet, or AB-UNet. This is a convolutional neural network using batch normalization and max-pool dropout. The Bayesian setup is achieved by exploiting the probabilistic extension of the dropout mechanism, leading to the possibility to use the uncertainty inherently present in the system. We set up our experiments on various medical image datasets and highlight that with a smaller annotation effort our AB-UNet leads to stable training and better generalization. Added to this, we can efficiently choose from an unlabelled dataset.
    Keywords Bayesian ; active learning ; Bayesian learning ; convolutional networks ; AB-UNet ; stochastic gradient descent ; Photography ; TR1-1050 ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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