Article ; Online: Merkel cell polyomavirus and non-Merkel cell carcinomas: guilty or circumstantial evidence?
APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica
2020 Volume 128, Issue 2, Page(s) 104–120
Abstract: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the major causative factor of the rare but aggressive cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Two characteristics of MCPyV-positive MCCs are integration of the viral genome and expression of a truncated version of one of ... ...
Abstract | Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the major causative factor of the rare but aggressive cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Two characteristics of MCPyV-positive MCCs are integration of the viral genome and expression of a truncated version of one of its oncogenic proteins, namely large T antigen. The strong association of MCPyV with MCC development has incited researchers to further investigate a possible role of this virus in other cancers. However, many of the examples displaying the presence of the virus in the various non-MCC cancers are not able to clearly demonstrate a direct connection between cellular transformation and the presence of the virus. The prevalence of the virus is significantly lower in non-MCC cancers compared to MCCs, with a lower level of viral load and sparse viral protein expression. Moreover, the state of the viral genome, and whether a truncated large T antigen is expressed, has rarely been investigated. Nonetheless, considering the strong oncogenic potential of MCPyV proteins in MCC, the plausible contribution of MCPyV to transformation and cancer growth in non-MCC tumors cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, the absence of MCPyV in cancers does not exclude a hit-and-run mechanism, or the oncoproteins of MCPyV may potentiate the neoplastic process mediated by co-infecting oncoviruses such as high-risk human papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr virus. The current review is focusing on the available data describing the presence of MCPyV in non-MCC tumors, with an aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the corresponding literature and to discuss the potential contribution of MCPyV to non-MCC cancer in light of this. |
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MeSH term(s) | Animals ; Carcinogenesis/genetics ; Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/pathology ; Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/virology ; Humans ; Merkel cell polyomavirus/genetics ; Polyomavirus Infections/pathology ; Polyomavirus Infections/virology ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology ; Skin Neoplasms/virology ; Tumor Virus Infections/pathology ; Tumor Virus Infections/virology ; Viral Load/genetics |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2020-01-28 |
Publishing country | Denmark |
Document type | Journal Article ; Review |
ZDB-ID | 93340-5 |
ISSN | 1600-0463 ; 0903-4641 |
ISSN (online) | 1600-0463 |
ISSN | 0903-4641 |
DOI | 10.1111/apm.13019 |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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