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  1. Article ; Online: The protective role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in preventing colorectal cancer and advanced colorectal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Cullinane, C / Brett, A / Devane, L / McCullough, P W / Cooke, F / Neary, P

    Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland

    2023  Volume 25, Issue 10, Page(s) 1949–1959

    Abstract: Aim: Inflammatory cells within the tumour microenvironment are the driving forces behind colorectal cancer (CRC) tumourigenesis. Understanding the different pathways involved in CRC carcinogenesis paves the way for effective repurposing of drugs for ... ...

    Abstract Aim: Inflammatory cells within the tumour microenvironment are the driving forces behind colorectal cancer (CRC) tumourigenesis. Understanding the different pathways involved in CRC carcinogenesis paves the way for effective repurposing of drugs for cancer prevention. Emerging data from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that, due to their antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) might have an anticancer effect. The aim of this study was to clarify through systematic review and meta-analysis of published peer-reviewed studies whether an association exists between PDE5i use and CRC risk.
    Method: This study was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Prospective registration was performed on PROSPERO (CRD42022372925). A systematic review was performed for studies reporting CRC and advanced colorectal polyp incidence in PDE5i 'ever-users' and PDE5i 'never-users'. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.
    Results: Four observational cohort studies and two case-control studies, comprising 995 242 patients were included in the final analysis, of whom 347 126 were PDE5i ever-users. Patients who were PDE5i ever-users had a significantly lower incidence of CRC or advanced colorectal polyps than never-users (OR 0.88, CI 0.79-0.98, p = 0.02). To examine the primary preventative role of PDE5i, subgroup analysis of four studies including patients without a previous history of CRC found that use of PDE5i was associated with a lower incidence of CRC (OR 0.85, CI 0.75-0.95, p = 0.005, I
    Conclusion: Our study found a significant anticancer effect of PDE5i, as shown by a reduced risk of CRC in the context of both primary and secondary CRC prevention.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Colonic Polyps/prevention & control ; Prospective Studies ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Chemical Substances Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1440017-0
    ISSN 1463-1318 ; 1462-8910
    ISSN (online) 1463-1318
    ISSN 1462-8910
    DOI 10.1111/codi.16724
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    Zs.A 5799: Show issues Location:
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  2. Book ; Online: COVID-19 and home-schooling

    Cullinane, Carl

    the crisis has exacerbated and highlighted existing educational inequalities

    2020  

    Abstract: British education has faced an unprecedented situation since late March, and schools have been on the frontline. The sudden transition of the entire school system to a remote learning model is remarkable. Carl Cullinane writes that while it is inevitable ...

    Abstract British education has faced an unprecedented situation since late March, and schools have been on the frontline. The sudden transition of the entire school system to a remote learning model is remarkable. Carl Cullinane writes that while it is inevitable in such a context that some will fare better than others, it is vital to understand how existing inequalities interact with the impacts of the pandemic.
    Keywords LB Theory and practice of education ; HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ; RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-27
    Publisher London School of Economics and Political Science
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Urogenital function following robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: meta-analysis.

    Fleming, C A / Cullinane, C / Lynch, N / Killeen, S / Coffey, J C / Peirce, C B

    The British journal of surgery

    2021  Volume 108, Issue 2, Page(s) 128–137

    Abstract: Background: Mixed results are reported on clinical and cancer outcomes in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery (LRCS) compared with robotic rectal cancer surgery (RRCS). However, more favourable functional outcomes are reported following RRCS. This study ... ...

    Abstract Background: Mixed results are reported on clinical and cancer outcomes in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery (LRCS) compared with robotic rectal cancer surgery (RRCS). However, more favourable functional outcomes are reported following RRCS. This study compared urinary and sexual function following RRCS and LRCS in male and female patients.
    Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of urinary and sexual function after RRCS and LRCS was performed following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, and registered prospectively with PROSPERO (ID:CRD42020164285). The functional outcome reporting tools most commonly included: the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Mean scores and changes in mean scores from baseline were analysed using RevMan version 5.3.
    Results: Ten studies were included reporting on 1286 patients. Some 672 patients underwent LRCS, of whom 380 (56.5 per cent) were men and 116 (17.3 per cent) were women (gender not specified in 176 patients, 26.2 per cent). A total of 614 patients underwent RRCS, of whom 356 (58.0 per cent) were men and 83 (13.5 per cent) were women (gender not specified in 175 patients, 28.5 per cent). Regarding urinary function in men at 6 months after surgery, IPSS scores were significantly better in the RRCS group than in the LRCS group (mean difference (MD) -1.36, 95 per cent c.i. -2.31 to -0.40; P = 0.005), a trend that persisted at 12 months (MD -1.08, -1.85 to -0.30; P = 0.007). ΔIIEF scores significantly favoured RRCS at 6 months [MD -3.11 (95%CI -5.77, -0.44) P <0.021] and 12 months [MD -2.76 (95%CI -3.63, -1.88) P <0.001] post-operatively. Mixed urinary and sexual function outcomes were reported for women.
    Conclusion: This meta-analysis identified more favourable urinary and erectile function in men who undergo robotic compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Outcomes in women did not identify a consistently more favourable outcome in either group. As robotic rectal cancer surgery may offer more favourable functional outcomes it should be considered and discussed with patients.
    MeSH term(s) Erectile Dysfunction/etiology ; Female ; Female Urogenital Diseases/etiology ; Humans ; Laparoscopy/adverse effects ; Laparoscopy/methods ; Male ; Male Urogenital Diseases/etiology ; Rectal Neoplasms/surgery ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Urination Disorders/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2985-3
    ISSN 1365-2168 ; 0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
    ISSN (online) 1365-2168
    ISSN 0263-1202 ; 0007-1323 ; 1355-7688
    DOI 10.1093/bjs/znaa067
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    Uk I Zs.66: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Effect of obesity on perioperative outcomes following gastrointestinal surgery: meta-analysis.

    Cullinane, Carolyn / Fullard, Anna / Croghan, Stefanie M / Elliott, Jessie A / Fleming, Christina A

    BJS open

    2023  Volume 7, Issue 4

    Abstract: Background: Obesity can pose perioperative challenges related to obesity-associated co-morbidities and technical factors. However, the true impact of obesity on postoperative outcomes is not well established and reports are conflicting. The aim was to ... ...

    Abstract Background: Obesity can pose perioperative challenges related to obesity-associated co-morbidities and technical factors. However, the true impact of obesity on postoperative outcomes is not well established and reports are conflicting. The aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effect of obesity on perioperative outcomes for general surgery procedures in distinct obesity subtypes.
    Methods: A systematic review was performed for studies reporting postoperative outcomes in relation to BMI in upper gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and colorectal based on an electronic search using the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, PubMed and Embase up to January 2022. The primary outcome was the incidence of 30-day postoperative mortality among patients with obesity undergoing general surgical procedures in comparison to patients with normal range BMI.
    Results: Sixty-two studies, including 1 886 326 patients, were eligible for inclusion. Overall, patients with obesity (including class I/II/II) had lower 30-day mortality rates in comparison to patients with a normal BMI (odds ratio (OR) 0.75, 95 per cent c.i. 0.66 to 0.86, P < 0.0001, I2 = 71 per cent); this was also observed specifically in emergency general surgery (OR 0.83, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 0.87, P < 0.0000001, I2 = 7 per cent). Compared with normal BMI, obesity was positively associated with an increased risk of 30-day postoperative morbidity (OR 1.11, 95 per cent c.i. 1.04 to 1.19, P = 0.002, I2 = 85 per cent). However, there was no significant difference in postoperative morbidity rates between the cohorts of patients with a normal BMI and class I/II obesity (OR 0.98, 95 per cent c.i. 0.92 to 1.04, P = 0.542, I2 = 92 per cent). Overall, the cohort with obesity had a higher rate of postoperative wound infections compared with the non-obese group (OR 1.40, 95 per cent c.i. 1.24 to 1.59, P < 0.0001, I2 = 82 per cent).
    Conclusion: These data suggest a possible 'obesity paradox' and challenge the assumption that patients with obesity have higher postoperative mortality compared with patients with normal range BMI. Increased BMI alone is not associated with increased perioperative mortality in general surgery, highlighting the importance of more accurate body composition assessment, such as computed tomography anthropometrics, to support perioperative risk stratification and decision-making.
    Registration number: CRD42022337442 (PROSPERO https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Obesity/complications ; Comorbidity ; Body Mass Index
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Systematic Review ; Meta-Analysis ; Journal Article
    ISSN 2474-9842
    ISSN (online) 2474-9842
    DOI 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad026
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  5. Book ; Online: Research Brief

    Cullinane, Carl / Montacute, Rebecca

    April 2020: COVID-19 and Social Mobility Impact Brief #1: School Shutdown

    2020  

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publisher The Sutton Trust
    Publishing country uk
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Readability and Quality of Online Health Information Regarding Parathyroidectomy.

    Byrne, Jim / Keogh, Samuel / Cullinane, Carolyn / Razzaq, Zeeshan / Redmond, Henry Paul

    OTO open

    2022  Volume 6, Issue 4, Page(s) 2473974X221133308

    Abstract: Objective: Assessment of the readability and quality of online health information regarding parathyroidectomy.: Study design: Cross-sectional analysis.: Setting: Websites providing patient-oriented health information regarding parathyroidectomy ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Assessment of the readability and quality of online health information regarding parathyroidectomy.
    Study design: Cross-sectional analysis.
    Setting: Websites providing patient-oriented health information regarding parathyroidectomy obtained via the Google search engine.
    Methods: The top 75 Google search results for "parathyroidectomy,""parathyroid surgery," and "parathyroid gland removal" were reviewed. Websites were categorized by website type and country of origin. Readability was assessed by Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook. Website quality was assessed per JAMA benchmark criteria and the DISCERN instrument.
    Results: A total of 74 unique websites were evaluated. The mean readability of the assessed websites exceeded the recommended sixth-grade reading level on the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (
    Conclusion: Online health information regarding parathyroidectomy is largely of poor quality and is poorly readable for many patients. Institutions utilizing well-defined guidelines for development of patient educational resources may provide online health information of greater quality and readability.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2473-974X
    ISSN (online) 2473-974X
    DOI 10.1177/2473974X221133308
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  7. Article ; Online: A genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies DNA-PK as a sensitiser to

    Waldeck, Kelly / Van Zuylekom, Jessica / Cullinane, Carleen / Gulati, Twishi / Simpson, Kaylene J / Tothill, Richard W / Blyth, Benjamin / Hicks, Rodney J

    Theranostics

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 14, Page(s) 4745–4761

    Abstract: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) ... ...

    Abstract Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics ; DNA ; Lutetium/metabolism ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/genetics ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/radiotherapy ; Octreotide/therapeutic use ; Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (1HTE449DGZ) ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Lutetium (5H0DOZ21UJ) ; Octreotide (RWM8CCW8GP) ; Radioisotopes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-28
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2592097-2
    ISSN 1838-7640 ; 1838-7640
    ISSN (online) 1838-7640
    ISSN 1838-7640
    DOI 10.7150/thno.84628
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  8. Article ; Online: The accuracy of MRI in detecting pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in different breast cancer subtypes.

    Kuzmova, Miroslava / Cullinane, Carolyn / Rutherford, Claire / McCartan, Damian / Rothwell, Jane / Evoy, Denis / Geraghty, James / Prichard, Ruth S

    Surgical oncology

    2023  Volume 51, Page(s) 102011

    Abstract: Background: Pathological complete response (pCR) following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for breast cancer is associated with improved disease-free and overall survival in certain breast cancer subtypes. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pathological complete response (pCR) following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for breast cancer is associated with improved disease-free and overall survival in certain breast cancer subtypes. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is increasingly used as standard to assess treatment response in patients receiving NACT. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical utility of MRI in accurately predicting pCR post-NACT.
    Methods: A single-centre, retrospective study was conducted in breast cancer patients, who received NACT between 2013 and 2020. Patients who had an MRI before and after NACT were included. Pathological and MRI radiological response rates to NACT were analyzed and MRI accuracy assessed in detecting pCR according to breast cancer subtype.
    Results: One hundred and sixty-seven patients were included in the study. Forty-one of the 167 patients achieved pCR (24.6 %), with the highest proportion in HR- HER2+ subgroup (58.3 %), followed by triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (35 %). Only 22.2 % and 10.5 % of patients with HR + HER2+ and HR + HER2-respectively achieved pCR. The overall accuracy of MRI in predicting pCR after NACT was 77.3 %. The greatest accuracy was in TNBC (87.5 %) with a specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of 100 % and the highest number of correctly diagnosed complete responses (14 of 40). MRI was less accurate in predicting response rates in HR + HER2- (PPV 91.2 %) and HR + HER2+ groups (PPV 90.5 %). MRI performed significantly better in predicting complete response in TNBC compared to HR + HER2-subtype (p = 0.0057).
    Conclusion: MRI is a clinically useful adjunct in assessing pCR following NACT and appears to predict pathological response more accurately in TNBC compared to HR + HER2-breast cancer subtypes. This has significant clinical implications in terms of surgical planning, adjuvant treatment options and prognosis.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Receptor, ErbB-2
    Chemical Substances Receptor, ErbB-2 (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-31
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1107810-8
    ISSN 1879-3320 ; 0960-7404
    ISSN (online) 1879-3320
    ISSN 0960-7404
    DOI 10.1016/j.suronc.2023.102011
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    Zs.A 3409: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  9. Article ; Online: The association between breast density and breast cancer pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

    Cullinane, C / Brien, A O / Shrestha, A / Hanlon, E O / Walshe, J / Geraghty, J / Evoy, D / McCartan, D / McDermott, E / Prichard, R

    Breast cancer research and treatment

    2022  Volume 194, Issue 2, Page(s) 385–392

    Abstract: Purpose: Mammographic Density (MD) refers to the amount of fibroglandular breast tissue present in the breast and is an established risk factor for developing breast cancer. The ability to evaluate treatment response dynamically renders neoadjuvant ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: Mammographic Density (MD) refers to the amount of fibroglandular breast tissue present in the breast and is an established risk factor for developing breast cancer. The ability to evaluate treatment response dynamically renders neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) the preferred treatment option in many clinical scenarios. Previous studies have suggested that MD can predict patients likely to achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) to NACT. We aimed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between BI-RADS breast composition categories for breast density at diagnosis and the pCR rate and residual cancer burden score (RCB) by performing a retrospective review on consecutive breast cancer patients who received NACT in a tertiary referral centre from 2015 to 2021.
    Methods: The Mann-Whitney U Test was used to test for differences between two independent groups (i.e. those who achieved pCR and those who did not). A binary logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for an association between the independent variables of molecular subtype, MD, histological grade and FNA positivity and the dependant variable of pCR. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS (IBM SPSS for Mac, Version 26.0; IBM Corp).
    Results: 292 patients were included in the current study. There were 124, 155 and 13 patients in the BI-RADS MD category b, c and d, respectively. There were no patients in the BI-RADS MD category a. The patients with less dense breast composition (MD category b) were significantly older than patients with denser breast composition (MD category c, d) (p = 0.001) and patients who had a denser breast composition (MD category d) were more likely to have ER+ tumours. There was no significant difference in PgR status, HER2 status, pathological complete response (pCR), FNA positivity, or RCB class dependent upon the three MD categories. A binary logistic regression revealed that patients with HER2-enriched breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer are more likely to achieve pCR with an OR of 3.630 (95% CI 1.360-9.691, p = 0.010) and 2.445 (95% CI 1.131-5.288, p = 0.023), respectively.
    Conclusion: Whilst dense MD was associated with ER positivity and these women were less likely to achieve a pCR, MD did not appear to independently predict pCR post-NACT.
    MeSH term(s) Breast/diagnostic imaging ; Breast/pathology ; Breast/surgery ; Breast Density ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-23
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604563-7
    ISSN 1573-7217 ; 0167-6806
    ISSN (online) 1573-7217
    ISSN 0167-6806
    DOI 10.1007/s10549-022-06616-1
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    Zs.A 1655: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Analysis of the relationship between hip joint flexion/extension and torques in the mark III space suit using a computational dynamics model.

    McKeen, Patrick / Cullinane, Conor / Rhodes, Richard / Stirling, Leia

    Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering

    2020  Volume 24, Issue 8, Page(s) 831–843

    Abstract: Advanced SSAs (e.g., the Mark III (MKIII)) were designed to increase mobility by eliminating the volume change associated with bending joints by using constant-volume rigid components with bearings connecting these components. Even with these changes, ... ...

    Abstract Advanced SSAs (e.g., the Mark III (MKIII)) were designed to increase mobility by eliminating the volume change associated with bending joints by using constant-volume rigid components with bearings connecting these components. Even with these changes, there are added torques required by the operator to drive the motion, which increases the energy expenditure with respect to unsuited motion. Part of the added effort stems from the mass and inertia of the suit, as well as frictional resistances to motion. This research considers the relationship between joint torques that an operator must generate and the resulting flexion/extension of the hip bearing assembly. A computational dynamics model of the MKIII inclusive of inertial and bearing friction properties was created and sensitivities of the model to input parameters (e.g., applied force, direction of gravity, bearing friction magnitude, knee angle) were investigated. The model was configured to match previously collected benchtop experimental suit data without a human that was externally forced. The model captured the hysteretic behaviour and estimated about 80% of the mean hip angle range as compared to the experimental data. Decreasing bearing resistance increased alignment with the experimental data. The torque due to inertia and friction each had periods where they dominated the total torque, supporting the importance of minimizing both mass and bearing friction. The present effort also highlighted how external forces and boundary conditions affected peak hip flexion/extension. Future efforts can use these types of dynamics models to examine motions driven internally by a person to achieve specific motions.
    MeSH term(s) Biomechanical Phenomena ; Computer Simulation ; Equipment Design ; Friction ; Hip/physiology ; Hip Joint/physiology ; Humans ; Knee/physiology ; Knee Joint/physiology ; Materials Testing ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Motion ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Space Suits ; Torque
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2071764-7
    ISSN 1476-8259 ; 1025-5842
    ISSN (online) 1476-8259
    ISSN 1025-5842
    DOI 10.1080/10255842.2020.1853708
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