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  1. Article ; Online: IRE-1 endoribonuclease activity declines early in

    De-Souza, Evandro A / Cummins, Nadia / Taylor, Rebecca C

    Frontiers in aging

    2022  Volume 3, Page(s) 1044556

    Abstract: The proteome of a cell helps to define its functional specialization. Most proteins must be translated and properly folded to ensure their biological function, but with aging, animals lose their ability to maintain a correctly folded proteome. This leads ...

    Abstract The proteome of a cell helps to define its functional specialization. Most proteins must be translated and properly folded to ensure their biological function, but with aging, animals lose their ability to maintain a correctly folded proteome. This leads to the accumulation of protein aggregates, decreased stress resistance, and the onset of age-related disorders. The unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPR
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-28
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3076785-4
    ISSN 2673-6217 ; 2673-6217
    ISSN (online) 2673-6217
    ISSN 2673-6217
    DOI 10.3389/fragi.2022.1044556
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A stress-free stress response.

    Cummins, Nadia / Taylor, Rebecca C

    Nature chemical biology

    2020  Volume 16, Issue 10, Page(s) 1038–1039

    MeSH term(s) Blood Glucose ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proteostasis
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2202962-X
    ISSN 1552-4469 ; 1552-4450
    ISSN (online) 1552-4469
    ISSN 1552-4450
    DOI 10.1038/s41589-020-0616-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Shedding light on mitophagy in neurons: what is the evidence for PINK1/Parkin mitophagy in vivo?

    Cummins, Nadia / Jürgen Götz

    Cellular and molecular life sciences. 2018 Apr., v. 75, no. 7

    2018  

    Abstract: Neurons are highly specialised cells with a large bioenergetic demand, and so require a healthy mitochondrial network to function effectively. This network is compromised in many neurological disorders, in which damaged mitochondria accumulate. ... ...

    Abstract Neurons are highly specialised cells with a large bioenergetic demand, and so require a healthy mitochondrial network to function effectively. This network is compromised in many neurological disorders, in which damaged mitochondria accumulate. Dysfunctional mitochondria can be removed via an organelle-specific autophagic pathway, a process known as mitophagy. The canonical mitophagy pathway is dependent on the actions of PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) and Parkin and has been well studied in immortalised cells and cultured neurons. However, evidence for a role of this mitophagy pathway in the brain is still limited, and studies suggest that there may be important differences in how neurons respond to mitochondrial damage in vitro and in vivo. Here, we first describe the evidence for a functional PINK1/Parkin mitophagy pathway in neurons, and review how this pathway is affected in disease models. We then critically evaluate the literature by comparing findings from in vitro models and more recent in vivo studies in flies and mice. The emerging picture implicates that alternative mitophagy pathways operate in neurons in vivo. New mouse models that employ fluorescent biosensors to monitor mitophagy in vivo will be instrumental to understand the relative role of the different clearance pathways in the brain under physiological and pathological conditions.
    Keywords Diptera ; animal models ; biosensors ; brain ; disease models ; fluorescence ; in vivo studies ; mice ; mitochondria ; mitophagy ; nervous system diseases ; neurons
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-04
    Size p. 1151-1162.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    Note Review
    ZDB-ID 1358415-7
    ISSN 1420-9071 ; 1420-682X
    ISSN (online) 1420-9071
    ISSN 1420-682X
    DOI 10.1007/s00018-017-2692-9
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: ER-mitochondria contacts and cholesterol metabolism are disrupted by disease-associated tau protein.

    Szabo, Leonora / Cummins, Nadia / Paganetti, Paolo / Odermatt, Alex / Papassotiropoulos, Andreas / Karch, Celeste / Götz, Jürgen / Eckert, Anne / Grimm, Amandine

    EMBO reports

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 8, Page(s) e57499

    Abstract: Abnormal tau protein impairs mitochondrial function, including transport, dynamics, and bioenergetics. Mitochondria interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), which coordinate and modulate many cellular ... ...

    Abstract Abnormal tau protein impairs mitochondrial function, including transport, dynamics, and bioenergetics. Mitochondria interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), which coordinate and modulate many cellular functions, including mitochondrial cholesterol metabolism. Here, we show that abnormal tau loosens the association between the ER and mitochondria in vivo and in vitro. Especially, ER-mitochondria interactions via vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein (VAPB)-protein tyrosine phosphatase-interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51) are decreased in the presence of abnormal tau. Disruption of MAMs in cells with abnormal tau alters the levels of mitochondrial cholesterol and pregnenolone, indicating that conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone is impaired. Opposite effects are observed in the absence of tau. Besides, targeted metabolomics reveals overall alterations in cholesterol-related metabolites by tau. The inhibition of GSK3β decreases abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation and increases VAPB-PTPIP51 interactions, restoring mitochondrial cholesterol and pregnenolone levels. This study is the first to highlight a link between tau-induced impairments in the ER-mitochondria interaction and cholesterol metabolism.
    MeSH term(s) tau Proteins/metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/pharmacology ; Cholesterol/metabolism
    Chemical Substances tau Proteins ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.48) ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2020896-0
    ISSN 1469-3178 ; 1469-221X
    ISSN (online) 1469-3178
    ISSN 1469-221X
    DOI 10.15252/embr.202357499
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Shedding light on mitophagy in neurons: what is the evidence for PINK1/Parkin mitophagy in vivo?

    Cummins, Nadia / Götz, Jürgen

    Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS

    2017  Volume 75, Issue 7, Page(s) 1151–1162

    Abstract: Neurons are highly specialised cells with a large bioenergetic demand, and so require a healthy mitochondrial network to function effectively. This network is compromised in many neurological disorders, in which damaged mitochondria accumulate. ... ...

    Abstract Neurons are highly specialised cells with a large bioenergetic demand, and so require a healthy mitochondrial network to function effectively. This network is compromised in many neurological disorders, in which damaged mitochondria accumulate. Dysfunctional mitochondria can be removed via an organelle-specific autophagic pathway, a process known as mitophagy. The canonical mitophagy pathway is dependent on the actions of PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) and Parkin and has been well studied in immortalised cells and cultured neurons. However, evidence for a role of this mitophagy pathway in the brain is still limited, and studies suggest that there may be important differences in how neurons respond to mitochondrial damage in vitro and in vivo. Here, we first describe the evidence for a functional PINK1/Parkin mitophagy pathway in neurons, and review how this pathway is affected in disease models. We then critically evaluate the literature by comparing findings from in vitro models and more recent in vivo studies in flies and mice. The emerging picture implicates that alternative mitophagy pathways operate in neurons in vivo. New mouse models that employ fluorescent biosensors to monitor mitophagy in vivo will be instrumental to understand the relative role of the different clearance pathways in the brain under physiological and pathological conditions.
    MeSH term(s) Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Degradation ; Neurons/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances APP protein, human ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27) ; parkin protein (EC 2.3.2.27) ; Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.-) ; PTEN-induced putative kinase (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-10-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1358415-7
    ISSN 1420-9071 ; 1420-682X
    ISSN (online) 1420-9071
    ISSN 1420-682X
    DOI 10.1007/s00018-017-2692-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Local Oxidative Damage in the Soma and Dendrites Quarantines Neuronal Mitochondria at the Site of Insult.

    Grimm, Amandine / Cummins, Nadia / Götz, Jürgen

    iScience

    2018  Volume 6, Page(s) 114–127

    Abstract: Neurons are highly dependent on mitochondria, but little is known about how they react to a local mitochondrial oxidative insult. We therefore developed a protocol in primary hippocampal cultures that combines the photosensitizer mito-KillerRed with ... ...

    Abstract Neurons are highly dependent on mitochondria, but little is known about how they react to a local mitochondrial oxidative insult. We therefore developed a protocol in primary hippocampal cultures that combines the photosensitizer mito-KillerRed with fluorescent biosensors and photoactivatable GFP. We found in both the soma and dendrites that neurons restrict the local increase in mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species and the decrease in ATP production to the damaged compartment, by quarantining mitochondria. Although the cytosol of both the soma and dendrites became oxidized after mito-KillerRed activation, dendrites were more sensitive to the oxidative insult. Importantly, the impaired mitochondria exhibited decreased motility and fusion, thereby avoiding the spread of oxidation throughout the neuron. These results establish how neurons manage oxidative damage and increase our understanding about the somatodendritic regulation of mitochondrial functions after a local oxidative insult.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2018.07.015
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: PINK1 and parkin shape the organism-wide distribution of a deleterious mitochondrial genome.

    Ahier, Arnaud / Dai, Chuan-Yang / Kirmes, Ina / Cummins, Nadia / Hung, Grace Ching Ching / Götz, Jürgen / Zuryn, Steven

    Cell reports

    2021  Volume 35, Issue 9, Page(s) 109203

    Abstract: In multiple species, certain tissue types are prone to acquiring greater loads of mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) mutations relative to others, but the mechanisms that drive these heteroplasmy differences are unknown. We find that the conserved PTEN-induced ...

    Abstract In multiple species, certain tissue types are prone to acquiring greater loads of mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) mutations relative to others, but the mechanisms that drive these heteroplasmy differences are unknown. We find that the conserved PTEN-induced putative kinase (PINK1/PINK-1) and the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin (PDR-1), which are required for mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), underlie stereotyped differences in heteroplasmy of a deleterious mitochondrial genome mutation (ΔmtDNA) between major somatic tissues types in Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that tissues prone to accumulating ΔmtDNA have lower mitophagy responses than those with low mutation levels. Moreover, we show that ΔmtDNA heteroplasmy increases when proteotoxic species that are associated with neurodegenerative disease and mitophagy inhibition are overexpressed in the nervous system. These results suggest that PINK1 and parkin drive organism-wide patterns of heteroplasmy and provide evidence of a causal link between proteotoxicity, mitophagy, and mtDNA mutation levels in neurons.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; Heteroplasmy ; Mitophagy/genetics ; Muscle Cells/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27) ; parkin protein (EC 2.3.2.27) ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; pink-1 protein, C elegans (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2649101-1
    ISSN 2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
    ISSN (online) 2211-1247
    ISSN 2211-1247
    DOI 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109203
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Disease-associated tau impairs mitophagy by inhibiting Parkin translocation to mitochondria.

    Cummins, Nadia / Tweedie, Andrea / Zuryn, Steven / Bertran-Gonzalez, Jesus / Götz, Jürgen

    The EMBO journal

    2018  Volume 38, Issue 3

    Abstract: Accumulation of the protein tau characterises Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, including familial forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) that carry pathogenic tau mutations. Another hallmark feature of these diseases is the accumulation of ... ...

    Abstract Accumulation of the protein tau characterises Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, including familial forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) that carry pathogenic tau mutations. Another hallmark feature of these diseases is the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Although disease-associated tau is known to impair several aspects of mitochondrial function, it is still unclear whether it also directly impinges on mitochondrial quality control, specifically Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Using the mito-QC mitophagy reporter, we found that both human wild-type (hTau) and FTD mutant tau (hP301L) inhibited mitophagy in neuroblastoma cells, by reducing mitochondrial translocation of Parkin. In the
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Male ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondria/pathology ; Mitophagy ; Neuroblastoma/genetics ; Neuroblastoma/metabolism ; Neuroblastoma/pathology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/pathology ; Protein Transport ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; tau Proteins/genetics ; tau Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances tau Proteins ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27) ; parkin protein (EC 2.3.2.27)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 586044-1
    ISSN 1460-2075 ; 0261-4189
    ISSN (online) 1460-2075
    ISSN 0261-4189
    DOI 10.15252/embj.201899360
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Changes to mitochondrial ultrastructure in optic nerve vulnerable to secondary degeneration in vivo are limited by irradiation at 670 nm.

    Cummins, Nadia / Bartlett, Carole A / Archer, Michael / Bartlett, Elora / Hemmi, Jan M / Harvey, Alan R / Dunlop, Sarah A / Fitzgerald, Melinda

    BMC neuroscience

    2013  Volume 14, Page(s) 98

    Abstract: Background: Traumatic injury to the central nervous system results in damage to tissue beyond the primary injury, termed secondary degeneration. Key events thought to be associated with secondary degeneration involve aspects of mitochondrial function ... ...

    Abstract Background: Traumatic injury to the central nervous system results in damage to tissue beyond the primary injury, termed secondary degeneration. Key events thought to be associated with secondary degeneration involve aspects of mitochondrial function which may be modulated by red/near-infrared irradiation therapy (R/NIR-IT), but precisely how mitochondria are affected in vivo has not been investigated. Secondary degeneration was modelled by transecting the dorsal aspect of the optic nerve in adult rats and mitochondrial ultrastructure in intact ventral optic nerve vulnerable to secondary degeneration investigated with transmission electron microscopy.
    Results: Despite reported increases in fission following central nervous system injury, we saw no change in mitochondrial densities in optic nerve vulnerable to secondary degeneration in vivo. However, in axons, frequency distributions of mitochondrial profile areas showed higher cumulative probabilities of smaller mitochondrial profiles at day 1 after injury. Glial mitochondrial profiles did not exhibit changes in area, but a more elliptical mitochondrial shape was observed at both day 1 and 7 following injury. Importantly, mitochondrial autophagic profiles were observed at days 1 and 7 in optic nerve vulnerable to secondary degeneration in vivo. Citrate synthase activity was used as an additional measure of mitochondrial mass in ventral optic nerve and was decreased at day 7, whereas mitochondrial aconitase activity increased at day 1 and day 28 after injury in optic nerve vulnerable to secondary degeneration. R/NIR-IT has been used to treat the injured central nervous system, with reported improvements in oxidative metabolism suggesting mitochondrial involvement, but ultrastructural information is lacking. Here we show that R/NIR-IT of injured animals resulted in distributions of mitochondrial areas and shape not significantly different from control and significantly reduced mitochondrial autophagic profiles. R/NIR-IT also resulted in decreased citrate synthase activity (day 7) and increased aconitase activity (day 1) in optic nerve vulnerable to secondary degeneration.
    Conclusions: These findings suggest that mitochondrial structure and activity of enzymes of the citric acid cycle are dynamically altered during secondary degeneration in vivo and R/NIR-IT may protect mitochondrial structure.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Infrared Rays ; Mitochondria/radiation effects ; Mitochondria/ultrastructure ; Nerve Degeneration/pathology ; Nerve Degeneration/prevention & control ; Optic Nerve/radiation effects ; Optic Nerve/ultrastructure ; Optic Nerve Injuries/pathology ; Rats
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-09-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1471-2202
    ISSN (online) 1471-2202
    DOI 10.1186/1471-2202-14-98
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Paranode Abnormalities and Oxidative Stress in Optic Nerve Vulnerable to Secondary Degeneration: Modulation by 670 nm Light Treatment.

    Szymanski, Charis R / Chiha, Wissam / Morellini, Natalie / Cummins, Nadia / Bartlett, Carole A / O'Hare Doig, Ryan L / Savigni, Donna L / Payne, Sophie C / Harvey, Alan R / Dunlop, Sarah A / Fitzgerald, Melinda

    PloS one

    2013  Volume 8, Issue 6, Page(s) e66448

    Abstract: Secondary degeneration of nerve tissue adjacent to a traumatic injury results in further loss of neurons, glia and function, via mechanisms that may involve oxidative stress. However, changes in indicators of oxidative stress have not yet been ... ...

    Abstract Secondary degeneration of nerve tissue adjacent to a traumatic injury results in further loss of neurons, glia and function, via mechanisms that may involve oxidative stress. However, changes in indicators of oxidative stress have not yet been demonstrated in oligodendrocytes vulnerable to secondary degeneration in vivo. We show increases in the oxidative stress indicator carboxymethyl lysine at days 1 and 3 after injury in oligodendrocytes vulnerable to secondary degeneration. Dihydroethidium staining for superoxide is reduced, indicating endogenous control of this particular reactive species after injury. Concurrently, node of Ranvier/paranode complexes are altered, with significant lengthening of the paranodal gap and paranode as well as paranode disorganisation. Therapeutic administration of 670 nm light is thought to improve oxidative metabolism via mechanisms that may include increased activity of cytochrome c oxidase. Here, we show that light at 670 nm, delivered for 30 minutes per day, results in in vivo increases in cytochrome c oxidase activity co-localised with oligodendrocytes. Short term (1 day) 670 nm light treatment is associated with reductions in reactive species at the injury site. In optic nerve vulnerable to secondary degeneration superoxide in oligodendrocytes is reduced relative to handling controls, and is associated with reduced paranode abnormalities. Long term (3 month) administration of 670 nm light preserves retinal ganglion cells vulnerable to secondary degeneration and maintains visual function, as assessed by the optokinetic nystagmus visual reflex. Light at a wavelength of 670 nm may serve as a therapeutic intervention for treatment of secondary degeneration following neurotrauma.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism ; Female ; Nerve Degeneration/metabolism ; Nerve Degeneration/therapy ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism ; Optic Nerve Injuries/complications ; Optic Nerve Injuries/metabolism ; Optic Nerve Injuries/therapy ; Oxidative Stress ; Phototherapy/methods ; Rats ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/metabolism ; Up-Regulation
    Chemical Substances Electron Transport Complex IV (EC 1.9.3.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-06-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0066448
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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