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Book ; Online: Mountains under Pressure

Marchant, Rob / Cuni-Sanchez, Aida

2023

Keywords	Research & information: general ; Geography ; environmental perceptions ; land function ; rural space ; karst mountain area ; Mediterranean ; Montenegro ; mountain ; katun ; traditional architecture ; vernacular heritage ; transhumance ; extensive cattle rearing ; ecological indices ; land abandonment ; land management ; meadows ; mountain agroecosystems ; mowing tolerance ; mountain vegetation ; pastures ; spreadsheet ; fractal characteristics ; natural geographical features ; water-facing distribution ; suitable space ; rural mountain settlements ; population ; population trends ; urbanisation ; sustainable development ; deforestation ; shifting cultivation ; traditional fallow ; swiddens ; land-use change ; spatial effects ; small-scale context ; socio-economic drivers ; policy assessment ; CAP ; policy trade-offs ; mitigation policies ; gully agricultural production transformation ; rural development ; sustainable land use ; geographically and temporally weighted regression ; gully land consolidation ; farmer ; Chagga ; gender ; East Africa ; local knowledge ; Kilimanjaro ; Hehe ; Udzungwa ; wealth groups ; alpine and montane ecosystems ; austral perspective ; environmental sustainability ; global change ; long-term research ; mountain observatories ; multi-disciplinary research ; social context ; socio-ecological coupling ; Southern Africa ; model complexity ; model validation ; Landsat ; satellite data ; species distribution models ; connectivity ; fragmentation ; Maxent ; functional traits ; environmental drivers ; mycorrhizas ; fourth corner ; RLQ ; Andean forests ; alpine ; mountains ; climate change ; experimental manipulations ; PRISMA ; precipitation ; drought ; vegetation ; New Zealand ; hill country ; poplar ; kānuka ; agroforestry ; silvopasture ; soil conservation ; erosion ; ecosystem services ; alien species ; biological invasions ; citizen science ; elevation ; species abundance ; tree invasions ; woody plant encroachment ; adaptation strategies ; ethnicity ; farmers ; Itombwe Mountains ; perceptions ; wealth group ; n/a
Language	English
Size	1 electronic resource (334 pages)
Publisher	MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English
HBZ-ID	HT030381153
ISBN	9783036581750 ; 3036581758
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Special Issue Editorial: Mountains under Pressure

Marchant, Robert A. / Cuni-Sanchez, Aida

Land. 2022 Aug. 10, v. 11, no. 8

2022

Abstract: Mountains are highly significant regions in the context of climate change and sustainable development; they are situated at the intersection of accelerated climate warming, changes in moisture regime and support a large population that depends on ... ...

Abstract	Mountains are highly significant regions in the context of climate change and sustainable development; they are situated at the intersection of accelerated climate warming, changes in moisture regime and support a large population that depends on mountains for their livelihoods, either directly or indirectly (Adler et al [...]
Keywords	climate ; climate change ; land ; sustainable development
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0810
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2682955-1
ISSN	2073-445X
ISSN	2073-445X
DOI	10.3390/land11081283
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Climate change and hunter-gatherers in montane eastern DR Congo

Batumike, Rodrigue / Bulonvu, Franklin / Imani, Gérard / Akonkwa, Desiré / Gahigi, Aimable / Klein, Julia A. / Marchant, Rob / Cuni-Sanchez, Aida

Climate and development. 2022 May 28, v. 14, no. 5

2022

Abstract: Mountain environments experience more rapid changes in temperature than lower elevations. However, little is known about the climatic changes already observed in African mountains, or the adaptation strategies used by hunter-gatherer communities. Semi- ... ...

Abstract	Mountain environments experience more rapid changes in temperature than lower elevations. However, little is known about the climatic changes already observed in African mountains, or the adaptation strategies used by hunter-gatherer communities. Semi-structured interviews were administered to 100 Twa hunter-gatherers living around Mt Kahuzi in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo). We also organized 10 focus-group discussions with Tembo farmers living in the same area and we gathered historical data from Kamembe meteorological station. Twa respondents perceived reduced rainfall and fog, and increased temperatures. They also reported several impacts including reduced crop yields and abundance of forest products (caterpillars, mushrooms, honey). Tembo perceptions of climatic changes and impacts agreed with the Twa. Meteorological data available shows reduced rainfall and increased temperatures – but there are no records on fog. Despite being aware of climatic changes and impacts, Twa are not using any adaptation strategy, while Tembo farmers are using some (as they own land for farming or animal rearing, and are more business minded). For the Twa, their socioeconomic condition create high sensitivity to climate change and constrain adaptive capacity. For the Twa, we recommend the use of ‘science with society’ (SWS) participatory approach.
Keywords	animals ; climate ; climate change ; forests ; honey ; meteorological data ; rain ; temperature ; Democratic Republic of the Congo
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0528
Size	p. 431-442.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ISSN	1756-5537
DOI	10.1080/17565529.2021.1930987
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Lomami Buffer Zone (DRC): Forest composition, structure, and the sustainability of its use by local communities

Batumike, Rodrigue / Imani, Gérard / Bisimwa, Benjamin / Mambo, Hwaba / Kalume, John / Kavuba, Fidele / Cuni‐Sanchez, Aida

Biotropica. 2022 Mar., v. 54, no. 2

2022

Abstract: The recently created Lomami National Park has an extensive Buffer Zone where local communities are allowed to use forest products sustainably. However, the management of this Buffer Zone is hampered by inadequate understanding of the floristic ... ...

Abstract	The recently created Lomami National Park has an extensive Buffer Zone where local communities are allowed to use forest products sustainably. However, the management of this Buffer Zone is hampered by inadequate understanding of the floristic composition and the impacts of harvesting certain plant products. To fill in this data gap, we established and sampled 30 vegetation plots of 40 × 40 m, and investigated the population structure of 11 useful tree species preferred by local communities. We found that the Buffer Zone is mostly composed of mixed‐species undisturbed old growth forest. It contains nine tree species of international conservation concern (listed in the IUCN Red list and/or apart from the Red list, Gibourtia demeusei, not been assessed by IUCN Red list, is listed in CITES Appendix II since January 2017; UNEP‐WCMC, Review of selected Dalbergia species and Guibourtia demeusei, UNEP‐WCMC, 2017). The floristic diversity of the Buffer Zone, which requires further investigation as some species remained unidentified. Most preferred tree species (including Garcinia kola and Milicia excelsa) are abundant and showed a reverse‐J size distribution, indicating a relatively stable population structure. For these species, current levels of exploitation seem sustainable. Further research is needed for two nonabundant species of conservation concern (Autranella congolensis and Michelsonia microphylla). Although timber/firewood commercial harvesting is currently limited in the study area, the management plan of the Buffer Zone should consider these risks given increasing commercial hunting. Surveys and permanent plots provide essential information to guide the management of newly formed protected areas. Abstract in French is available with online material.
Keywords	Dalbergia ; Garcinia kola ; Guibourtia ; Michelsonia ; Milicia excelsa ; botanical composition ; fuelwood ; national parks ; old-growth forests ; population structure ; trees
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-03
Size	p. 289-300.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	REVIEW
ZDB-ID	2052061-X
ISSN	1744-7429 ; 0006-3606
ISSN (online)	1744-7429
ISSN	0006-3606
DOI	10.1111/btp.13045
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Above‐ground biomass and vegetation attributes in the forest‐savannah mosaic of Togo, West Africa

Atsri, Honam Komina / Kokou, Kouami / Abotsi, Komla Elikplim / Kokutse, Adzo Dzifa / Cuni‐Sanchez, Aida

African journal of ecology. 2020 Dec., v. 58, no. 4

2020

Abstract: Despite the increasing interest in the role of African savannah and woodlands on the global carbon cycle, little is known about the above‐ground biomass (AGB) and the factors affecting it in these ecosystems in West Africa. We estimated AGB in different ... ...

Abstract	Despite the increasing interest in the role of African savannah and woodlands on the global carbon cycle, little is known about the above‐ground biomass (AGB) and the factors affecting it in these ecosystems in West Africa. We estimated AGB in different vegetation types of a forest–savannah mosaic in Togo, and we investigated the relationship between AGB, structural and diversity attributes. We also assessed the effects of using the ≥5 or ≥10 cm diameter threshold on AGB estimates. We sampled tree diameter, height and species of all trees ≥5 cm diameter following standardised protocols in 160 plots of 50 × 20 m (50 × 10 m for riparian). Above‐ground biomass (AGB) (all trees ≥5 cm diameter) ranged from 6.2 Mg/ha in shrub savannah to 292 Mg/ha in riparian forest and showed significant differences between vegetation types. Differences in AGB were related to structural attributes, with little influence of diversity attributes. The effects of minimum tree diameter size (5 or 10 cm) on AGB estimates were negligible. At a landscape level, closed‐canopy and open forests stored important quantities of carbon. We highlight the importance of the forest–savannah mosaic as a large carbon pool, which could be released if converted to another land cover type.
Keywords	aboveground biomass ; carbon ; carbon sinks ; global carbon budget ; land cover ; landscapes ; riparian forests ; savannas ; shrubs ; tree and stand measurements ; Western Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 733-745.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2019879-6
ISSN	1365-2028 ; 0141-6707
ISSN (online)	1365-2028
ISSN	0141-6707
DOI	10.1111/aje.12758
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Local Perceptions of Climate Change and Adaptation Responses from Two Mountain Regions in Tanzania

Kaganzi, Kaiza R. / Cuni-Sanchez, Aida / Mcharazo, Fatuma / Martin, Emanuel H. / Marchant, Robert A. / Thorn, Jessica P. R.

Land. 2021 Sept. 23, v. 10, no. 10

2021

Abstract: Mountain environments and communities are disproportionately impacted by climate change. Changes in temperature are greater than at lower elevations, which affect the height of the cloud base and local rainfall patterns. While our knowledge of the ... ...

Abstract	Mountain environments and communities are disproportionately impacted by climate change. Changes in temperature are greater than at lower elevations, which affect the height of the cloud base and local rainfall patterns. While our knowledge of the biophysical nature of climate change in East Africa has increased in the past few years, research on Indigenous farmers’ perceptions and adaptation responses is still lacking, particularly in mountains regions. Semi-structured interviews were administered to 300 farmers on Mount Kilimanjaro (n = 150) and the Udzungwa Mountains (n = 150) in Tanzania across gender and wealth groups. Respondents in both mountains reported not only changes in rainfall and temperature, corresponding with meteorological data, but also a greater incidence of fog, wind, frost, and hailstorms—with impacts on decreased crop yields and increased outbreaks of pests. The most common adaptation strategies used were improved crop varieties and inputs. Wealthier households diversified into horticulture or animal rearing, while poorer households of Hehe ethnicity diversified to labour and selling firewood. Despite being climate change literate and having access to radios, most respondents used Indigenous knowledge to decide on planting dates. Our findings highlight how context and culture are important when designing adaptation options and argue for greater involvement of local stakeholders in adaptation planning using a science-with-society approach. Place-based results offer generalisable insights that have application for other mountains in the Global South.
Keywords	animals ; climate change ; frost ; fuelwood ; gender ; horticulture ; indigenous knowledge ; land ; meteorological data ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; rain ; stakeholders ; temperature ; wind ; Tanzania
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0923
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2682955-1
ISSN	2073-445X
ISSN	2073-445X
DOI	10.3390/land10100999
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: From Tree Species to Forest Services: Ethnic Differences in Lomami, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Batumike, Rodrigue / Imani, Gerard / Bisimwa, Benjamin / Urom, Christian / Mambo, Hwaba / Kalume, John / Kavuba, Fidele / Cuni-Sanchez, Aida

Economic botany. 2021 Dec., v. 75, no. 3-4

2021

Abstract: From tree species to forest services: ethnic differences in Lomami, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ethnicity is well–known to affect plant species’ utilization, but how ethnicity affects the identification and importance ranking of forest ecosystem ... ...

Abstract	From tree species to forest services: ethnic differences in Lomami, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ethnicity is well–known to affect plant species’ utilization, but how ethnicity affects the identification and importance ranking of forest ecosystem services has been less documented, particularly in the Congo Basin. This research investigates how six different ethnic groups (farmers of Bantu origin and Mbote hunter–gatherers) use and value tree species and forest ecosystem services in Lomami National Park, in central Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Data were collected through 24 focus–group discussions with village elders, four for each ethnic group studied. Considerable variation in preferred tree species was observed: of the 89 morphospecies cited in total only two were cited by all ethnic groups for the same usage. Ethnicity also affected the identification and importance ranking of forest ecosystem services. Mbote hunters–gatherers prioritized bushmeat, honey, and identity, while farmer groups prioritized bushmeat, fish, and microclimate regulation. We discuss the implications of the findings for forest management in the Buffer Zone of the national park.
Keywords	basins ; botany ; bushmeat ; farmers ; fish ; forest ecosystems ; forest management ; honey ; microclimate ; morphospecies ; national parks ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; trees ; villages ; Democratic Republic of the Congo
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 181-194.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
Note	Review
ZDB-ID	419272-2
ISSN	1874-9364 ; 0013-0001
ISSN (online)	1874-9364
ISSN	0013-0001
DOI	10.1007/s12231-021-09527-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Tree diversity and carbon stocks in the Itombwe Mountains of eastern DR Congo

Imani, Gérard / Kalume, John / Marchant, Rob / Calders, Kim / Batumike, Rodrigue / Bulonvu, Franklin / Cuni‐Sanchez, Aida

Biotropica. 2021 Nov., v. 53, no. 6

2021

Abstract: Our ecological understanding of tropical montane forests in Africa is still limited, particularly in the Albertine Rift. Because of a greater role of environmental filtering at higher elevations, tree species’ richness and aboveground biomass (AGB) is ... ...

Abstract	Our ecological understanding of tropical montane forests in Africa is still limited, particularly in the Albertine Rift. Because of a greater role of environmental filtering at higher elevations, tree species’ richness and aboveground biomass (AGB) is expected to decrease with increasing elevation. However, broader scale patterns are complex and different patterns have also been observed in different mountains. We established eight permanent 1‐ha plots in Itombwe Mountains and sampled all trees ≥10 cm diameter following standard RAINFOR protocols to investigate tree species’ richness, forest structure, and estimated AGB. We also collected and analyzed soil samples to establish how these affected AGB. We identified over 120 tree species, 12 of which were of international conservation concern according to IUCN criteria. Species richness was significantly negatively correlated with elevation. AGB ranged from 268 Mg/ha (submontane) to 396 Mg/ha (middle montane forests), and it was significantly positively correlated with elevation, soil organic matter, and soil organic C and N. We compare Itombwe with other montane forests in the Albertine Rift, to demonstrate their high floristic diversity, high abundance of large stems, and high AGB, insights which are crucial for the future management of these unique forests. Abstract in French is available with online material.
Keywords	aboveground biomass ; soil ; soil organic carbon ; species richness ; trees ; Democratic Republic of the Congo
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Size	p. 1594-1605.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2052061-X
ISSN	1744-7429 ; 0006-3606
ISSN (online)	1744-7429
ISSN	0006-3606
DOI	10.1111/btp.13008
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Cultural Effects on Sorghum Varieties Grown, Traits Preferred, and Seed Management Practices in Northern Ethiopia

Wendmu, Tsedal Asres / Cuni-Sanchez, Aida / Abebe, Haftom Temesgen / de Boer, Hugo J. / Abera, Fetien Abay / Westengen, Ola Tveitereid

Econ Bot. 2022 Sept., v. 76, no. 3 p.233-249

2022

Abstract: Cultural Effects on Sorghum Varieties Grown, Traits Preferred, and Seed Management Practices in Northern Ethiopia. Agrobiodiversity is fundamentally shaped by farmers’ preferences and management practices, and these are again shaped by the farmers’ ... ...

Abstract	Cultural Effects on Sorghum Varieties Grown, Traits Preferred, and Seed Management Practices in Northern Ethiopia. Agrobiodiversity is fundamentally shaped by farmers’ preferences and management practices, and these are again shaped by the farmers’ social and cultural background. This study investigates variety preferences and seed management practices in the crop sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) among the Kunama and the Tigrayan ethnolinguistic groups living side by side in Northern Ethiopia. Surveys were conducted in 10 villages located in two districts inhabited by the two ethnolinguistic groups and analyzed using descriptive and multinominal analysis. We find important differences in varieties grown across the ethnolinguistic groups, but we also find that ethnicity and geographic proximity interact and affect trait preference and seed management practices. Altogether, 22 varieties are cultivated, and few farmers cultivated improved varieties, especially among the Kunama. Respondents considered use traits as important as agronomic traits when selecting sorghum varieties. Notably, preferred use traits were not limited to food (e.g., construction materials were important for the Kunama), and preferred agronomic traits were not focused on drought resistance. Timing of seed selection, seed selection criteria (e.g., panicle size and color), and seed storage practices differed among the ethnic groups. Understanding cultural and social preferences towards sorghum varieties, their traits, and the criteria used for seed management is crucial for the success of crop breeding programs, climate change adaptation policies, and development interventions.
Keywords	Sorghum bicolor ; agrobiodiversity ; climate change ; color ; drought tolerance ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; panicles ; seed storage ; Ethiopia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 233-249.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	419272-2
ISSN	1874-9364 ; 0013-0001
ISSN (online)	1874-9364
ISSN	0013-0001
DOI	10.1007/s12231-022-09555-6
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The role of remnant trees in carbon sequestration, vegetation structure and tree diversity of early succession regrowing fallows in eastern Sierra Leone

Cuni Sanchez, Aida / Jeremy A. Lindsell

African journal of ecology. 2017 June, v. 55, no. 2

2017

Abstract: Remnant tree presence affects forest recovery after slashâandâburn agriculture. However, little is known about its effect on aboveâground carbon stocks, especially in Africa. We focused our study on Sierra Leone, part of the Upper Guinean forests, ... ...

Abstract	Remnant tree presence affects forest recovery after slashâandâburn agriculture. However, little is known about its effect on aboveâground carbon stocks, especially in Africa. We focused our study on Sierra Leone, part of the Upper Guinean forests, an important centre of endemism threatened by encroachment and forest degradation. We studied 99 (20âmâradius) plots aged 2â10Â years with and without remnant trees and compared their aboveâground carbon stocks, vegetation structure (stem density, basal area) and tree diversity. Aboveâground carbon stocks, stem density, basal area, species richness and tree diversity increased significantly with fallow age. Remnant tree presence affected significantly tree diversity, species dominance and aboveâground carbon stocks, but not vegetation structure (stem density, basal area). Number of remnant trees and number of species of remnant trees were also important explanatory variables. Although other factors should be considered in future studies, such as the size and dispersal modes of remnant trees, our results highlight that more strategic inclusion of remnant trees is likely to favour carbon stock and forest recovery in old fallows. To our knowledge, this is the first study on early succession regrowing fallows in West Africa.
Keywords	basal area ; carbon sequestration ; carbon sinks ; fallow ; forests ; indigenous species ; shifting cultivation ; species diversity ; trees ; vegetation structure ; Sierra Leone
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-06
Size	p. 188-197.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2019879-6
ISSN	1365-2028 ; 0141-6707
ISSN (online)	1365-2028
ISSN	0141-6707
DOI	10.1111/aje.12340
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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