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Article ; Online: Home-based transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) in Alzheimer's disease: rationale and study design.

Altomare, Daniele / Benussi, Alberto / Cantoni, Valentina / Premi, Enrico / Rivolta, Jasmine / Cupidi, Chiara / Martorana, Alessandro / Santarnecchi, Emiliano / Padovani, Alessandro / Koch, Giacomo / Borroni, Barbara

Alzheimer's research & therapy

2023 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 155

Abstract: Background: Gamma (γ) brain oscillations are dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be modulated using transcranial alternating stimulation (tACS). In the present paper, we describe the rationale and design of a study assessing safety, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Gamma (γ) brain oscillations are dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be modulated using transcranial alternating stimulation (tACS). In the present paper, we describe the rationale and design of a study assessing safety, feasibility, clinical and biological efficacy, and predictors of outcome of a home-based intervention consisting of γ-tACS over the precuneus. Methods: In a first phase, 60 AD patients will be randomized into two arms: ARM1, 8-week precuneus γ-tACS (frequency: 40 Hz, intensity: 2 mA, duration: 5 60-min sessions/week); and ARM2, 8-week sham tACS (same parameters as the real γ-tACS, with the current being discontinued 5 s after the beginning of the stimulation). In a second phase, all participants will receive 8-week γ-tACS (same parameters as the real γ-tACS in the first phase). The study outcomes will be collected at several timepoints throughout the study duration and include information on safety and feasibility, neuropsychological assessment, blood sampling, electroencephalography, transcranial magnetic stimulation neurotransmitter measures, and magnetic resonance imaging or amyloid positron emission tomography. Results: We expect that this intervention is safe and feasible and results in the improvement of cognition, entrainment of gamma oscillations, increased functional connectivity, reduction of pathological burden, and increased cholinergic transmission. Conclusions: If our expected results are achieved, home-based interventions using γ-tACS, either alone or in combination with other therapies, may become a reality for treating AD. Trial registration: PNRR-POC-2022-12376021.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ; Alzheimer Disease/therapy ; Research Design ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Amyloidogenic Proteins
Chemical Substances	Amyloidogenic Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2506521-X
ISSN	1758-9193 ; 1758-9193
ISSN (online)	1758-9193
ISSN	1758-9193
DOI	10.1186/s13195-023-01297-4
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Article: Radiomics Analysis of Brain [

Alongi, Pierpaolo / Laudicella, Riccardo / Panasiti, Francesco / Stefano, Alessandro / Comelli, Albert / Giaccone, Paolo / Arnone, Annachiara / Minutoli, Fabio / Quartuccio, Natale / Cupidi, Chiara / Arnone, Gaspare / Piccoli, Tommaso / Grimaldi, Luigi Maria Edoardo / Baldari, Sergio / Russo, Giorgio

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 4

Abstract: Background: Early in-vivo diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for accurate management of patients, in particular, to select subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that may evolve into AD, and to define other types of MCI non-AD ... ...

Abstract	Background: Early in-vivo diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for accurate management of patients, in particular, to select subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that may evolve into AD, and to define other types of MCI non-AD patients. The application of artificial intelligence to functional brain [ Methods: From July 2016 to September 2017, 43 patients underwent PET/CT scans with FDG and Florbetaben brain PET/CT and at least 24 months of clinical/instrumental follow-up. Patients were retrospectively evaluated by a multidisciplinary team (MDT = Neurologist, Psychologist, Radiologist, Nuclear Medicine Physician, Laboratory Clinic) at the G. Giglio Institute in Cefalù, Italy. Starting from the cerebral segmentations applied by SPM on the main cortical macro-areas of each patient, Pyradiomics was used for the feature extraction process; subsequently, an innovative descriptive-inferential mixed sequential approach and a machine learning algorithm (i.e., discriminant analysis) were used to obtain the best diagnostic performance in prediction of amyloid deposition and the final diagnosis of AD. Results: A total of 11 radiomics features significantly predictive of cortical beta-amyloid deposition ( Conclusions: The results obtained in this preliminary study support advanced segmentation of cortical areas typically involved in early AD on FDG PET/CT brain images, and radiomics analysis for the identification of specific high-order features to predict Amyloid deposition and final diagnosis of AD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662336-5
ISSN	2075-4418
ISSN	2075-4418
DOI	10.3390/diagnostics12040933
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Article: Neuropsychiatric or Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD): Focus on Prevalence and Natural History in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia.

Laganà, Valentina / Bruno, Francesco / Altomari, Natalia / Bruni, Giulia / Smirne, Nicoletta / Curcio, Sabrina / Mirabelli, Maria / Colao, Rosanna / Puccio, Gianfranco / Frangipane, Francesca / Cupidi, Chiara / Torchia, Giusy / Muraca, Gabriella / Malvaso, Antonio / Addesi, Desirèe / Montesanto, Alberto / Di Lorenzo, Raffaele / Bruni, Amalia Cecilia / Maletta, Raffaele

Frontiers in neurology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 832199

Abstract: Neuropsychiatric or behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) represent a heterogeneous group of non-cognitive symptoms that are virtually present in all patients during the course of their disease. The aim of this study is to examine the ... ...

Abstract	Neuropsychiatric or behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) represent a heterogeneous group of non-cognitive symptoms that are virtually present in all patients during the course of their disease. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and natural history of BPSD in a large cohort of patients with behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in three stages: (i) pre-T0 (before the onset of the disease); (ii) T0 or manifested disease (from the onset to 5 years); (iii) T1 or advanced (from 5 years onwards). Six hundred seventy-four clinical records of patients with bvFTD and 1925 with AD, from 2006 to 2018, were studied. Symptoms have been extracted from Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and from a checklist of BPSD for all periods observed. In our population, BPSD affect up to 90% of all dementia subjects over the course of their illness. BPSD profiles of the two dementia groups were similar but not identical. The most represented symptoms were apathy, irritability/affective lability, and agitation/aggression. Considering the order of appearance of neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD and bvFTD, mood disorders (depression, anxiety) come first than the other BPSD, with the same prevalence. This means that they could be an important "red flag" in detection of dementia. With the increase of disease severity, aberrant motor behavior and wandering were significantly more present in both groups. Differences between BPSD in AD and bvFTD resulted only in prevalence: Systematically, in bvFTD, all the symptoms were more represented than in AD, except for hallucinations, depression, anxiety, and irritability. Given their high frequency and impact on management and overall health care resources, BPSD should not be underestimated and considered as an additional important diagnostic and therapeutic target both in patients with AD and bvFTD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564214-5
ISSN	1664-2295
ISSN	1664-2295
DOI	10.3389/fneur.2022.832199
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Article ; Online: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulates cholesterol homeostasis and Apolipoprotein E synthesis in human cell models of astrocytes and neurons.

Spagnuolo, Maria S / Donizetti, Aldo / Iannotta, Lucia / Aliperti, Vincenza / Cupidi, Chiara / Bruni, Amalia C / Cigliano, Luisa

Journal of cellular physiology

2018 Volume 233, Issue 9, Page(s) 6925–6943

Abstract: In the central nervous system, cholesterol is critical to maintain membrane plasticity, cellular function, and synaptic integrity. In recent years, much attention was focused on the role of cholesterol in brain since a breakdown of cholesterol metabolism ...

Abstract	In the central nervous system, cholesterol is critical to maintain membrane plasticity, cellular function, and synaptic integrity. In recent years, much attention was focused on the role of cholesterol in brain since a breakdown of cholesterol metabolism has been associated with different diseases. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was previously reported to elicit cholesterol biosynthesis and promote the accumulation of presynaptic proteins in cholesterol-rich lipid rafts, but no data are available on its ability to modulate physiological mechanisms involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Major aim of this research was to investigate whether BDNF influences cholesterol homeostasis, focusing on the effect of the neurotrophin on Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) synthesis, cholesterol efflux from astrocytes and cholesterol incorporation into neurons. Our results show that BDNF significantly stimulates cholesterol efflux by astrocytes, as well as ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) transporter and ApoE expression. Conversely, cholesterol uptake in neurons was downregulated by BDNF. This effect was associated with the increase of Liver X Receptor (LXR)-beta expression in neuron exposed to BDNF. The level of apoptosis markers, that is, cleaved caspase 3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), was found increased in neurons treated with high cholesterol, but significantly lower when the cells were exposed to cholesterol in the presence of BDNF, thus suggesting a neuroprotective role of the neurotrophin, likely through its reducing effect of neuronal cholesterol uptake. Interestingly, cholesterol stimulates BDNF production by neurons. Overall, our findings evidenced a novel role of BDNF in the modulation of ApoE and cholesterol homeostasis in glial and neuronal cells.
MeSH term(s)	ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/metabolism ; Apolipoproteins E/biosynthesis ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Astrocytes/drug effects ; Astrocytes/metabolism ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Humans ; Liver X Receptors/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurons/metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
Chemical Substances	ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ; Apolipoproteins E ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Liver X Receptors ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3116-1
ISSN	1097-4652 ; 0021-9541
ISSN (online)	1097-4652
ISSN	0021-9541
DOI	10.1002/jcp.26480
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Article ; Online: Lipofuscin hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Giaccone, Giorgio / Orsi, Laura / Cupidi, Chiara / Tagliavini, Fabrizio

Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extra

2011 Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 292–296

Abstract: The primary culprit responsible for Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown. Aβ protein has been identified as the main component of amyloid of senile plaques, the hallmark lesion of AD, but it is not definitively established whether the formation of ... ...

Abstract	The primary culprit responsible for Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown. Aβ protein has been identified as the main component of amyloid of senile plaques, the hallmark lesion of AD, but it is not definitively established whether the formation of extracellular Aβ deposits is the absolute harbinger of the series of pathological events that hit the brain in the course of sporadic AD. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to a relatively overlooked age-related product, lipofuscin, and advance the hypothesis that its release into the extracellular space following the death of neurons may substantially contribute to the formation of senile plaques. The presence of intraneuronal Aβ, similarities between AD and age-related macular degeneration, and the possible explanation of some of the unknown issues in AD suggest that this hypothesis should not be discarded out of hand.
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2621464-7
ISSN	1664-5464 ; 1664-5464
ISSN (online)	1664-5464
ISSN	1664-5464
DOI	10.1159/000329544
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Article: Clinical and pathologic phenotype of a large family with heterozygous

Mol, Merel O / van Rooij, Jeroen G J / Brusse, Esther / Verkerk, Annemieke J M H / Melhem, Shamiram / den Dunnen, Wilfred F A / Rizzu, Patrizia / Cupidi, Chiara / van Swieten, John C / Donker Kaat, Laura

Neurology. Genetics

2020 Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) e417

Abstract: Objective: To describe the clinical and pathologic features of a novel pedigree with heterozygous : Methods: We report a large pedigree of Dutch decent. Clinical and pathologic data were reviewed, and genetic analyses (whole-exome sequencing, whole- ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To describe the clinical and pathologic features of a novel pedigree with heterozygous Methods: We report a large pedigree of Dutch decent. Clinical and pathologic data were reviewed, and genetic analyses (whole-exome sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, and linkage analysis) were performed on multiple family members. Results: Patients presented with adult-onset gait disturbance (ataxia or parkinsonism), combined with prominent cognitive decline and behavioral changes. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous frameshift variant c.731_732delGC (p.C244Yfs24) in Conclusions:* This study confirms previous findings of heterozygous
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2818607-2
ISSN	2376-7839
ISSN	2376-7839
DOI	10.1212/NXG.0000000000000417
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Article ; Online: Refining the Spectrum of Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease: A Case Report.

Cupidi, Chiara / Dijkstra, Anke A / Melhem, Shami / Vernooij, Meike W / Severijnen, Lies-Anne / Hukema, Renate K / Rozemuller, Annemieke J M / Neumann, Manuela / van Swieten, John C / Seelaar, Harro

Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology

2019 Volume 78, Issue 7, Page(s) 665–670

Abstract: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare heterogeneous progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in neuronal and glial cells of the CNS, peripheral cells of the ... ...

Abstract	Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare heterogeneous progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in neuronal and glial cells of the CNS, peripheral cells of the autonomic nervous system, visceral organs and skin. The clinical presentation is broadly heterogeneous and includes limb weakness, dementia, seizures, ataxia, and parkinsonism. High-intensity signal in the corticomedullary junction on brain MRI is a characteristic finding in NIID. We describe a 65-year-old patient presenting with mild cognitive impairment, evolving in dementia with behavioral disturbances and parkinsonism. Brain MRI showed mild global cortical atrophy, more pronounced in the cingulate and temporal cortex and mild leukoaraiosis, but no high-intensity signal in corticomedullary junction on diffusion weighted imaging. Neuropathological examination showed p62- and optineurin-positive neuronal intranuclear inclusions in the hippocampus and in some subcortical structures. Glial cells did not present any intranuclear inclusions, and no spongiotic changes proximal to the U-fibers or diffuse myelin pallor were disclosed in the white matter. We report on a case with pathological features of NIID showing different neuroimaging and pathological findings. We noted an absence of typical MRI abnormalities, lack of intranuclear inclusions in glial cells, and prominent involvement of hippocampal neurons, refining the clinico-pathological spectrum of the disease.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Atrophy ; Autopsy ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/pathology ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology ; Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies/pathology ; Leukoaraiosis/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscle Weakness/pathology ; Myelin Sheath/pathology ; Nerve Fibers/pathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/psychology ; Neuroglia/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3088-0
ISSN	1554-6578 ; 0022-3069
ISSN (online)	1554-6578
ISSN	0022-3069
DOI	10.1093/jnen/nlz043
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Article ; Online: The largest caucasian kindred with dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy: A founder mutation in italy.

Grimaldi, Silvia / Cupidi, Chiara / Smirne, Nicoletta / Bernardi, Livia / Giacalone, Fabio / Piccione, Giuseppina / Basiricò, Salvatore / Mangano, Giuseppe Donato / Nardello, Rosaria / Orsi, Laura / Grosso, Enrico / Laganà, Valentina / Mitolo, Micaela / Maletta, Raffaele Giovanni / Bruni, Amalia Cecilia

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society

2019 Volume 34, Issue 12, Page(s) 1919–1924

Abstract: Background: Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease prevalently reported in Japan but rare in Caucasians. The objective of this study was to reconstruct the pedigree of Italian dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy ... ...

Abstract	Background: Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease prevalently reported in Japan but rare in Caucasians. The objective of this study was to reconstruct the pedigree of Italian dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy familial cases describing their clinical features. Methods: We investigated 6 apparently unrelated dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy families comprising a total of 51 affected individuals: 13 patients were clinically examined, and for 38 patients clinical data were collected from clinical sources. The dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy diagnosis was genetically confirmed in 18 patients. Genealogical data from historical archives were analyzed. Results: All 6 families were unified in a large pedigree deriving from a founder couple originating from Monte San Giuliano (Italy) in the late 1500s, with 51 affected subjects over the last 4 generations. Wide phenotypical variability in age at onset and clinical features was confirmed. Epilepsy was more frequent in juvenile cases than in late adults, with cognitive/psychiatric and motor disorders observed regardless of age at onset. Conclusions: We have described the largest Caucasian dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy pedigree from a single founder couple. The introduction of the dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy gene in Italy could have arisen as a result of trade relationships between the Spanish or Portuguese and the Japanese in the 1500s. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Epilepsy/complications ; Epilepsy/epidemiology ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Family ; Female ; Founder Effect ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation/genetics ; Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive/epidemiology ; Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive/genetics ; Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive/psychology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Pedigree ; Trinucleotide Repeats ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	607633-6
ISSN	1531-8257 ; 0885-3185
ISSN (online)	1531-8257
ISSN	0885-3185
DOI	10.1002/mds.27879
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Article ; Online: Angela R.: a familial Alzheimer's disease case in the days of Auguste D.

Borrello, Laura / Cupidi, Chiara / Laganà, Valentina / Anfossi, Maria / Conidi, Maria Elena / Smirne, Nicoletta / Taverniti, Maria / Guarasci, Roberto / Bruni, Amalia Cecilia

Journal of neurology

2016 Volume 263, Issue 12, Page(s) 2494–2498

Abstract: The rebuilding of the N family, a large Italian kindred affected by early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD), provided an important contribution to the discovery of Presenilin 1 (PSEN1), the main gene responsible for familial AD. This ... ...

Abstract	The rebuilding of the N family, a large Italian kindred affected by early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD), provided an important contribution to the discovery of Presenilin 1 (PSEN1), the main gene responsible for familial AD. This pedigree was identified with the help of medical records from the archives of the Psychiatric Hospital of Girifalco, Italy. The clinical record of Angela R., an ancestor of the N family, dating back to 1904, showed a clinical picture of Angela R., consistent with a diagnosis of non-amnestic probable AD, matching the "dysexecutive" phenotype described in her descendants. The a posteriori diagnosis of AD is supported by the evidence of the causative genetic mutation PSEN1-Met146Leu as well as neuropathological AD features in her genealogically proven descendants. The clinical case of Angela R. was recorded at the same time of Alzheimer's description of Auguste D. Its discovery crucially contributed to the genealogical reconstruction of the N family, linking came from different branches, which until then were unrelated, to the same kindred. The archives of the Girifalco Hospital represented a valuable source of medical and historical information and were essential to the research on Italian-American AD families that finally led to the identification of new genes.
MeSH term(s)	Alzheimer Disease/genetics ; Alzheimer Disease/history ; Family Health ; Female ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Italy ; Male ; Mutation/genetics ; Presenilin-1/genetics
Chemical Substances	Presenilin-1
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187050-6
ISSN	1432-1459 ; 0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
ISSN (online)	1432-1459
ISSN	0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
DOI	10.1007/s00415-016-8294-x
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Article: The Impact of COVID-19 Quarantine on Patients With Dementia and Family Caregivers: A Nation-Wide Survey.

Rainero, Innocenzo / Bruni, Amalia C / Marra, Camillo / Cagnin, Annachiara / Bonanni, Laura / Cupidi, Chiara / Laganà, Valentina / Rubino, Elisa / Vacca, Alessandro / Di Lorenzo, Raffaele / Provero, Paolo / Isella, Valeria / Vanacore, Nicola / Agosta, Federica / Appollonio, Ildebrando / Caffarra, Paolo / Bussè, Cinzia / Sambati, Renato / Quaranta, Davide /

Guglielmi, Valeria / Logroscino, Giancarlo / Filippi, Massimo / Tedeschi, Gioacchino / Ferrarese, Carlo

Frontiers in aging neuroscience

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 625781

Abstract: Introduction: Previous studies showed that quarantine for pandemic diseases is associated with several psychological and medical effects. The consequences of quarantine for COVID-19 pandemic in patients with dementia are unknown. We investigated the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Previous studies showed that quarantine for pandemic diseases is associated with several psychological and medical effects. The consequences of quarantine for COVID-19 pandemic in patients with dementia are unknown. We investigated the clinical changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and evaluated caregivers' distress during COVID-19 quarantine. Methods: The study involved 87 Italian Dementia Centers. Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), and Vascular Dementia (VD) were eligible for the study. Family caregivers of patients with dementia were interviewed by phone in April 2020, 45 days after quarantine declaration. Main outcomes were patients' changes in cognitive, behavioral, and motor symptoms. Secondary outcomes were effects on caregivers' psychological features. Results: 4913 patients (2934 females, 1979 males) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Caregivers reported a worsening in cognitive functions in 55.1% of patients, mainly in subjects with DLB and AD. Aggravation of behavioral symptoms was observed in 51.9% of patients. In logistic regression analysis, previous physical independence was associated with both cognitive and behavioral worsening (odds ratio 1.85 [95% CI 1.42-2.39], 1.84 [95% CI 1.43-2.38], respectively). On the contrary, pandemic awareness was a protective factor for the worsening of cognitive and behavioral symptoms (odds ratio 0.74 [95% CI 0.65-0.85]; and 0.72 [95% CI 0.63-0.82], respectively). Approximately 25.9% of patients showed the onset of new behavioral symptoms. A worsening in motor function was reported by 36.7% of patients. Finally, caregivers reported a high increase in anxiety, depression, and distress. Conclusion: Our study shows that quarantine for COVID-19 is associated with an acute worsening of clinical symptoms in patients with dementia as well as increase of caregivers' burden. Our findings emphasize the importance to implement new strategies to mitigate the effects of quarantine in patients with dementia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2558898-9
ISSN	1663-4365
ISSN	1663-4365
DOI	10.3389/fnagi.2020.625781
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