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Article ; Online: Horizontal gene transfer after faecal microbiota transplantation in adolescents with obesity.

Behling, Anna H / Wilson, Brooke C / Ho, Daniel / Cutfield, Wayne S / Vatanen, Tommi / O'Sullivan, Justin M

2024 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 26

Abstract: Background: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) describes the transmission of DNA outside of direct ancestral lineages. The process is best characterised within the bacterial kingdom and can enable the acquisition of genetic traits that support bacterial ... ...

Abstract	Background: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) describes the transmission of DNA outside of direct ancestral lineages. The process is best characterised within the bacterial kingdom and can enable the acquisition of genetic traits that support bacterial adaptation to novel niches. The adaptation of bacteria to novel niches has particular relevance for faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a therapeutic procedure which aims to resolve gut-related health conditions of individuals, through transplanted gut microbiota from healthy donors. Results: Three hundred eighty-one stool metagenomic samples from a placebo-controlled FMT trial for obese adolescents (the Gut Bugs Trial) were analysed for HGT, using two complementary methodologies. First, all putative HGT events, including historical HGT signatures, were quantified using the bioinformatics application WAAFLE. Second, metagenomic assembly and gene clustering were used to assess and quantify donor-specific genes transferred to recipients following the intervention. Both methodologies found no difference between the level of putative HGT events in the gut microbiomes of FMT and placebo recipients, post-intervention. HGT events facilitated by engrafted donor species in the FMT recipient gut at 6 weeks post-intervention were identified and characterised. Bacterial strains contributing to this subset of HGT events predominantly belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes. Engraftment-dependent horizontally transferred genes were retained within recipient microbiomes at 12 and 26 weeks post-intervention. Conclusion: Our study suggests that novel microorganisms introduced into the recipient gut following FMT have no impact on the basal rate of HGT within the human gut microbiome. Analyses of further FMT studies are required to assess the generalisability of this conclusion across different FMT study designs and for the treatment of different gut-related conditions. Video Abstract.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Humans ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Pediatric Obesity ; Microbiota ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Bacteria/genetics ; Feces/microbiology ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Video-Audio Media ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2697425-3
ISSN	2049-2618 ; 2049-2618
ISSN (online)	2049-2618
ISSN	2049-2618
DOI	10.1186/s40168-024-01748-6
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Article: Growth Hormone Treatment for Idiopathic Short Stature.

Cutfield, Wayne S / Albert, Benjamin B

Pediatric endocrinology reviews : PER

2018 Volume 16, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 113–122

Abstract: ISS is the commonest cause of short stature and poor growth and is arbitrarily defined as a height < -2 SDS without an identified cause. ISS consists largely of normal children with the remainder unrecognised conditions, mainly syndromes and genetic ( ... ...

Abstract	ISS is the commonest cause of short stature and poor growth and is arbitrarily defined as a height < -2 SDS without an identified cause. ISS consists largely of normal children with the remainder unrecognised conditions, mainly syndromes and genetic (monogenic and polygenic) causes. Growth response to rhGH is widely variable reflecting the heterogeneity of ISS. Further identification of genetic causes of ISS will better characterise treatment response. rhGH during childhood has been shown in RCTs to improve adult height by approximately 4 cm which is less than seen in other treated growth disorders. Factors that influence response include; younger age, longer birth length, lower height compared to mid-parental height, delayed bone age and larger rhGH dose. The evidence that short stature is associated with psychological well-being and quality of life is minimal and that rhGH could improve this is scant. Further research in this area is urgently required.
MeSH term(s)	Body Height ; Dwarfism/drug therapy ; Growth Disorders ; Growth Hormone/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Quality of Life
Chemical Substances	Growth Hormone (9002-72-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-31
Publishing country	Israel
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2434390-0
ISSN	1565-4753
ISSN	1565-4753
DOI	10.17458/per.vol16.2018.ca.ghidiopathicshortstature
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Article ; Online: A Weighty Matter: Can PUFAs in Pregnancy Prevent Obesity?

Albert, Benjamin B / Cutfield, Wayne S

Diabetes

2018 Volume 67, Issue 4, Page(s) 548–549

MeSH term(s)	Body Weight ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Female ; Humans ; Obesity ; Pregnancy
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
Language	English
Publishing date	2018
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80085-5
ISSN	1939-327X ; 0012-1797
ISSN (online)	1939-327X
ISSN	0012-1797
DOI	10.2337/dbi17-0051
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Article ; Online: Caregiver Perception of Weight Status in 5-Year-Old Children From a Community of High Socioeconomic Deprivation in New Zealand.

Butler, Éadaoin M / Derraik, José G B / Burge, Alison / Cutfield, Wayne S / Leversha, Alison

Frontiers in public health

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 641418

Abstract: Background: Early childhood obesity is highly prevalent in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Little is known about caregiver perception of children's weight status among those living in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation, particularly Māori and Pacific ... ...

Abstract	Background: Early childhood obesity is highly prevalent in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Little is known about caregiver perception of children's weight status among those living in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation, particularly Māori and Pacific children. Aims: To explore caregiver perception of weight status among children starting school in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation and examine potential associations between the child's body mass index (BMI) z-score and their caregiver's perception of their child's body size or health. Methods: Participants were 5-year-old children living in a community of high socioeconomic deprivation and their caregivers. Children had their weight and height measured. BMI Results: One hundred and six children (>75% Māori or Pacific) were included. Over half (58%) had overweight or obesity, with only 16% correctly perceived by their caregiver as overweight. These children tended to have higher BMI Conclusions: Caregivers appeared to judge their child's body size in comparison to other children. The normalization of childhood obesity and infrequent caregiver recognition of this condition in children in communities with a high prevalence may impact the uptake and efficacy of intervention initiatives.
MeSH term(s)	Caregivers ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Overweight/epidemiology ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology ; Perception ; Socioeconomic Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2022.641418
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Article ; Online: Metabolic consequences of prematurity.

Cutfield, Wayne S / Hofman, Paul L / Sperling, Mark A

Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism

2019 Volume 1, Issue 2, Page(s) 209–218

Abstract: A considerable body of scientific evidence now links major diseases of middle-older age, such as the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic heart disease, to in utero and perinatal events. Based on replicated epidemiological ... ...

Abstract	A considerable body of scientific evidence now links major diseases of middle-older age, such as the metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic heart disease, to in utero and perinatal events. Based on replicated epidemiological observations in humans, and experimental evidence in animal models, the data suggest that a period of plasticity during development imposes permanent influences on the way that the organism adapts to the surrounding environment many years later, perhaps via epigenetic and other post-translational modifications of genetic programming, such as regulation of the cell cycle and hormonal programming of metabolic pathways. A critical period appears to be the third trimester, hitherto considered as deprivation of nutrition or other essential factors in utero. Here this review discusses the recent evidence that the critical period also involves the third trimester ex utero, as occurs in prematurity. Data are provided demonstrating insulin resistance compensated by hyperinsulinemia in children born prematurely, whether born appropriate for gestational age or small for gestational age, and comparable in degree with that seen in those born at term with intrauterine growth retardation. Potential mechanisms and implications for treatment of the metabolic consequences of prematurity are discussed within the framework of the fetal salvage hypothesis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1744-8417
ISSN (online)	1744-8417
DOI	10.1586/17446651.1.2.209
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Article: A Multisource Process Evaluation of a Community-Based Healthy Lifestyle Programme for Child and Adolescent Obesity.

Anderson, Yvonne C / Wild, Cervantée E K / Gilchrist, Catherine A / Hofman, Paul L / Cave, Tami L / Domett, Tania / Cutfield, Wayne S / Derraik, José G B / Grant, Cameron C

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 11, Issue 2

Abstract: Whānau Pakari is a healthy lifestyle assessment and intervention programme for children and adolescents with obesity in Taranaki (Aotearoa/New Zealand), which, in this region, replaced the nationally funded Green Prescription Active Families (GRxAF) ... ...

Abstract	Whānau Pakari is a healthy lifestyle assessment and intervention programme for children and adolescents with obesity in Taranaki (Aotearoa/New Zealand), which, in this region, replaced the nationally funded Green Prescription Active Families (GRxAF) programme. We compared national referral rates from the GRxAF programme (age 5-15 years) and the B4 School Check (B4SC, a national preschool health and development assessment) with referral rates in Taranaki from Whānau Pakari. We retrospectively analysed 5 years of clinical data (2010-2015), comparing referral rates before, during, and after the Whānau Pakari clinical trial, which was embedded within the programme. We also surveyed programme referrers and stakeholders about their experiences of Whānau Pakari, analysing their responses using a multiple-methods framework. After the Whānau Pakari trial commenced, Taranaki GRxAF referral rates increased markedly (2.3 pretrial to 7.2 per 1000 person-years), while NZ rates were largely unchanged (1.8-1.9 per 1000 person-years) (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2732685-8
ISSN	2227-9067
ISSN	2227-9067
DOI	10.3390/children11020247
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Article ; Online: Why BMI should still be on the table.

Daniels, Lisa / Cutfield, Wayne S / Taylor, Rachael W / Taylor, Barry J

The New Zealand medical journal

2020 Volume 133, Issue 1513, Page(s) 97–100

Abstract: Childhood obesity is common in New Zealand with one in three 4-5 year-old children identified as overweight or obese in the before school check (B4SC) programme. Recently, the use of BMI for assessing childhood obesity in the B4SC programme has been ... ...

Abstract	Childhood obesity is common in New Zealand with one in three 4-5 year-old children identified as overweight or obese in the before school check (B4SC) programme. Recently, the use of BMI for assessing childhood obesity in the B4SC programme has been questioned. This article provides evidence in support of the assessment of BMI during the B4SC, including specific key points: 1. BMI is currently the only appropriate field tool for assessing overweight and obesity.2. Our New Zealand data show that BMI is reliable at measuring adiposity in all ethnic groups. 3. High childhood BMI often leads to adult obesity and is associated with increased adult morbidity and mortality. 4. We believe parents do want to know information regarding their child's obesity risk, based on recent findings in our New Zealand study.
MeSH term(s)	Body Mass Index ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; New Zealand ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity/diagnosis ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology ; Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control ; Risk Factors
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-24
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390590-1
ISSN	1175-8716 ; 0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
ISSN (online)	1175-8716
ISSN	0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
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Article ; Online: Birth Size and Rapid Infant Weight Gain-Where Does the Obesity Risk Lie?

Lyons-Reid, Jaz / Albert, Benjamin B / Kenealy, Timothy / Cutfield, Wayne S

The Journal of pediatrics

2020 Volume 230, Page(s) 238–243

MeSH term(s)	Birth Weight ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment ; Time Factors ; Weight Gain
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3102-1
ISSN	1097-6833 ; 0022-3476
ISSN (online)	1097-6833
ISSN	0022-3476
DOI	10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.078
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Article ; Online: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials to improve dietary intake for the prevention of obesity in infants aged 0-24 months.

Butler, Éadaoin M / Fangupo, Louise J / Cutfield, Wayne S / Taylor, Rachael W

Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity

2020 Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) e13110

Abstract: Improving dietary intake early in life is a common behavioural target in obesity prevention trials. We undertook a systematic review of randomised controlled trials aiming to improve dietary intake of complementary foods during infancy (0-24 months). ... ...

Abstract	Improving dietary intake early in life is a common behavioural target in obesity prevention trials. We undertook a systematic review of randomised controlled trials aiming to improve dietary intake of complementary foods during infancy (0-24 months). PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, and PsycInfo were searched for trials focussed on obesity prevention conducted between January 2000 and August 2019 where dietary intake was an outcome. Two reviewers screened studies and extracted data from selected articles. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias 2 tools. The protocol was registered on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/6srg7/). Seventeen articles from 12 trials were selected for data extraction. Statistically significant group differences in outcomes were observed in 36 of 165 (21.8%) of dietary variables examined. Measurement and analysis of outcomes varied between studies. Overall risk of bias was rated as high, primarily due to missing outcome data. Improving dietary intake at this age appears challenging based on a relatively limited number of studies. Future research could consider dietary pattern analyses, which may provide more meaningful outcomes for this age group. Opportunities exist for further exploration of maternal-focussed interventions, responsive feeding interventions, and interventions delivered outside of homes.
MeSH term(s)	Diet ; Food ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Newborn ; Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2147980-X
ISSN	1467-789X ; 1467-7881
ISSN (online)	1467-789X
ISSN	1467-7881
DOI	10.1111/obr.13110
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Zs.A 5908: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Response to Bannenberg and Rice.

Satokar, Vidit V / Cutfield, Wayne S / Cameron-Smith, David / Albert, Benjamin B

Nutrition reviews

2021 Volume 80, Issue 1, Page(s) 138–140

Abstract: This manuscript is a response to concerns expressed in a letter by industry-based scientists Bannenberg and Rice in response to our recent narrative review. In the review, we largely discussed why supplementation with n-3 PUFA rich oils might have ... ...

Abstract	This manuscript is a response to concerns expressed in a letter by industry-based scientists Bannenberg and Rice in response to our recent narrative review. In the review, we largely discussed why supplementation with n-3 PUFA rich oils might have benefits to the body composition and metabolism of the offspring of overweight or obese pregnant women. Bannenberg and Rice raised concerns about a number of points that may be perceived as negative about the quality and functionality of commercial fish oils. We provide a refutation to their comments and a brief review of recent evidence regarding the n-3 PUFA content, and oxidative state of supplements available to consumers. From a clinical research perspective, there remains a need to exercise caution. An oil containing less n-3 PUFAs than expected may be ineffective, and lead to incorrect conclusions that n-3 PUFAs lack efficacy. Oxidized fish oil may be ineffective or even cause unwanted harm. Although we must not overinterpret limited evidence from animal models, we have a responsibility to minimize risk to study participants, especially those most vulnerable, such as pregnant women. Prior to selecting a fish oil to be used in a clinical trial, it is essential to independently verify the n-3 PUFA content of the oil, and that the oil is unoxidized.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dietary Supplements ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Female ; Fish Oils ; Humans ; Overweight ; Pregnancy
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Fish Oils
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	82067-2
ISSN	1753-4887 ; 0029-6643
ISSN (online)	1753-4887
ISSN	0029-6643
DOI	10.1093/nutrit/nuab037
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