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Article ; Online: The effects of different activating agents on the physical and electrochemical properties of activated carbon electrodes fabricated from wood-dust of Shorea robusta

D. Shrestha / A. Rajbhandari

Heliyon, Vol 7, Iss 9, Pp e07917- (2021)

2021

Abstract: This study focuses on the effects of activating agents on the physical and electrochemical properties of activated carbon (AC) electrodes, fabricated from wood dust of Shorea robusta. Three different activating agents namely H3PO4, KOH and Na2CO3 have ... ...

Abstract	This study focuses on the effects of activating agents on the physical and electrochemical properties of activated carbon (AC) electrodes, fabricated from wood dust of Shorea robusta. Three different activating agents namely H3PO4, KOH and Na2CO3 have been used to prepare ACs, which were named as: Sr–H3PO4, Sr–KOH and Sr–Na2CO3. The ACs were characterized by TGA/DSC, XRD, Raman, SEM, FTIR and BET. All the as prepared ACs were found to be amorphous in nature. The oxygen surface functionality was developed at the surface. The surface area of Sr–H3PO4, Sr–KOH and Sr–Na2CO3 were found to be 1269.5 m2/g, 280.6 m2/g and 58.9 m2/g respectively. The activated carbon-electrodes were then fabricated and supercapacitive performances were evaluated by “three electrode system” in aqueous 6M KOH using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The GCD performed at 1A/g revealed the specific capacitance values were 136.3 F/g, 42.2 F/g and 59.1 F/g for Sr–H3PO4, Sr–KOH and Sr–Na2CO3-electrodes, respectively. Energy density for Sr–H3PO4 electrode was found to be 3.0 Wh/kg at 99.6 W/kg power densities. Moreover, it also displayed imposing cyclic stability of about 96.9 %, 89.5 % and 78.5 % after 1000 cycles of charge/discharge respectively. The overall electrochemical performance of Sr–H3PO4 showed outstanding supercapacitive performances demonstrating the high possibility of this material to be used for the EDLC application in supercapacitive energy storage. The Nyquist plot also showed the lowest internal resistance of about 0.4 Ω for Sr–H3PO4 electrode.
Keywords	Shorea robusta ; Specific capacitance ; Energy density ; Power density ; Cyclic stability ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	620
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Health Seeking Behavior among Mothers of Sick Children

P D Shrestha

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council (2015)

2015

Abstract: Background: Infant and under-five mortality rate in Nepal are 46 and 54 deaths per 1,000 live births, respectively. These mortality indicates, one in every 22 Nepalese children dies before reaching age 1, and one in every 19 does not survive to his or ... ...

Abstract	Background: Infant and under-five mortality rate in Nepal are 46 and 54 deaths per 1,000 live births, respectively. These mortality indicates, one in every 22 Nepalese children dies before reaching age 1, and one in every 19 does not survive to his or her fifth birthday. Delay in seeking appropriate care and not seeking any care contributes to the large number of child deaths. Existing interventions could prevent many deaths among children if they are presented at health facility and timely care. Methods: A descriptive research was carried out in Lele VDC, ward no.7, Lalitpur. The objective of this study was to find out health seeking behavior among mothers of sick children. Non probability, purposive sampling method was used. Sample size was 102 mothers who had sick children from 0 to 59 months. A set of semi structured questionnaire was used to obtain the data. Results:Â The mean age of the respondent was 25.8 years and child was 29 months. Respondentsâ€™ childrenÂ who suffered with pneumonia, diarrhoea and malnutrition were 64(62.7%),29(28%), 9(8.8%) respectively. Majority 84(81.4%) mothers had sought treatment and among them 58(69%) sought treatment from health facility whereas 26(31%) sought treatment from traditional healer. There was significant relationship between education of the mother(p=0.05), sex of the child (p=0.004), type of sickness of children (p=0.001) of the mother and health seeking behaviour of mothers. However occupation of the mothers for seeking treatment (p=0.66) and treatment seeking at first (p=0.82) were not significant. So there was no relationship between occupation of the mothers and health seeking behaviour. Conclusions: Majority of the mothers sought treatment from health facility, yet around one fourth went at traditional healers. Education of the mother, sex of the child, sickness of child and motherâ€™s awareness are the factors affecting health seeking behavior of the mothers. Â Keywords: Health seeking behaviour; sick children.
Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nepal Health Research Council
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Incidence of Thyroid Carcinoma in Multinodular Goiter

D. Shrestha / S. Shrestha

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, Vol 10, Iss 4, Pp 18-

A Retrospective Study

2015 Volume 21

Abstract: Background and Objective: To determine the incidence and the types of various thyroid malignancies in multi-nodular goiter. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study, conducted in Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, National Academy of ...

Abstract	Background and Objective: To determine the incidence and the types of various thyroid malignancies in multi-nodular goiter. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study, conducted in Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, National Academy of Medical Sciences Bir Hospital Kathmandu and Alka Hospital Pvt. Ltd Lalitpur. The study period was 3 years from 11 January 2011 to 10 January 2014. The study population consisted of 100 patients who were diagnosed as a multinodular thyroid nodule. Result: The highest frequency was 50 (50%) in 31-40 years. Among the total cases, 28 (28%) were males and 72(72%) females. Histopathological analysis showed that benign multi-nodular goiter was present in 87 (87%) cases, and malignant thyroid lesion in 13 (13%) cases. Among malignancies, papillary carcinoma was found as the commonest malignancy 11 (84.61%) cases followed by follicular carcinoma 1 (7.69%) case and anaplastic carcinoma 1(7.69%) case. Conclusion : The risk of malignancy in multinodular goiter should not be underestimated as significant number of patients with thyroid malignancies present with multinodular goiter. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v10i4.12974 JCMS Nepal 2014; 10(4):18-21
Keywords	Multinodular Goiter ; Thyroid malignancy. Papillary carcinoma ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	College of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Tertiary Eye Care Centre Model for Development of Paediatric Cataract Surgery Services in Developing Countries

U D Shrestha

Journal of Nepal Medical Association, Vol 51, Iss

2011 Volume 183

Abstract: It is estimated that every minute a child becomes bilaterally blind in developing nations. Paediatric cataract blindness presents an enormous problem to developing countries in terms of the human social burden, economic loss, and morbidity. The ... ...

Abstract	It is estimated that every minute a child becomes bilaterally blind in developing nations. Paediatric cataract blindness presents an enormous problem to developing countries in terms of the human social burden, economic loss, and morbidity. The management of the paediatric cataract is lens aspiration with intra ocular lens implantation with anterior vitrectomy. The surgery should be performed by paediatric ophthalmologist in tertiary eye care centres. Facilities of general anaesthesia should be available in these centres and the operating theatres should be well-equipped with vitrectomy machine, biometry and portable keratometer. Keywords: Blindness; paediatric cataract; tertiary eye care centre.
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nepal Medical Association
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase levels as a diagnostic marker in tuberculous meningitis in adult Nepalese patients

Anil Chander / Chandrika D. Shrestha

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 16-

2013 Volume 19

Abstract: Objective: To study the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and non-TBM -viral meningitis cases and to determine its diagnostic significance as a biochemical marker of TBM infection.Methods: The ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To study the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and non-TBM -viral meningitis cases and to determine its diagnostic significance as a biochemical marker of TBM infection.Methods: The study population comprised two different patient groups. TBM - group I - 28 cases and non-TBM-viral meningitis - 22 cases. These were enrolled consecutively in the study and CSF specimens were collected from them. ADA estimation was carried out by spectrophotometry.Results: ADA levels (mean依 SD) in the TBM and non-TBM groups were 16.46依6.24 U/L and 5.13依2.96 U/L, respectively (highly significant P<0.001). Using a CSF ADA cut off reference value of >10 IU/L, the test showed a good sensitivity of 82.14% (95% CI 64.41-92.12) and a high specificity of 90.91% (95% CI 72.19-97.47). Positive and negative predictive value and positive and negative likelihood ratios and accuracy of the test in TBM cases were 92% (95% CI 75.03-97.77), 80% (95% CI 60.86-91.13), 9.03 (95% CI 2.38- 34.25), 0.19 (95% CI 0.09-0.44) and 86%, respectively.Conclusion: CSF ADA levels are elevated in the TBM cases as compared to the non-TBM - viral meningitis cases with a good sensitivity and a high specificity. It is a simple and inexpensive diagnostic adjunctive test in the rapid and early diagnosis of TBM.
Keywords	Adenosine deaminase ; Diagnostic marker ; Tuberculous meningitis ; Sensitivity ; Specificity ; Medicine ; R ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease Editorial Office
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Goldenhar Syndrome in Association with Duane Syndrome

U D Shrestha / S Adhikari

Journal of Nepal Medical Association, Vol 52, Iss

2012 Volume 185

Abstract: Goldenhar syndrome (GHS) is also known as Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral (OAV) syndrome or Branchial arch syndrome. Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital disorder of ocular motility characterized by limited abduction, adduction or both. It is ... ...

Abstract	Goldenhar syndrome (GHS) is also known as Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral (OAV) syndrome or Branchial arch syndrome. Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital disorder of ocular motility characterized by limited abduction, adduction or both. It is unilateral in 80% of cases. The important and interesting part of this eight months old child is presence of GHS with DRS. She has bilateral invol-vement, which is seen in only 5-8% of GHS, as compared to high incidence of unilateral involve-ment. This child also had refractive error of + 6.00/ - 1.5 * 180. At four year of age her vision with glass was 6/9. Children with GHS and DRS should have early eye examination done to treat the problem of refractive error. Keywords: Duane retraction syndrome; goldenhar syndrome, refractive error.
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nepal Medical Association
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Correlation of fine needle aspiration cytology with histopathology findings in cases of thyroid lesions in Bir Hospital

PB Thapa / D Shrestha / JP Pradhananga

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 23-

2014 Volume 29

Abstract: Aims: To correlate the findings of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with the histopathology( HPE) of the excised nodule or specimen and to assess the accuracy and efficacy of FNAC in the diagnosis of the thyroid nodules. Materials and methods: This ...

Abstract	Aims: To correlate the findings of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with the histopathology( HPE) of the excised nodule or specimen and to assess the accuracy and efficacy of FNAC in the diagnosis of the thyroid nodules. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study conducted at the Department of Ear Nose Throat (ENT) & Head & NecK Surgery( HNS), National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu from 2nd January 2009 to 29th December 2011. One hundred patients with thyroid nodule were included in the study. Results: Out of 100 patients 77 were females and 23 males. The age ranged from 11-60 years. Statistical analysis of results for Benign Thyroid lesion showed 98.6% sensitivity, 75 % specificity. Likewise, results for Malignant thyroid lesions showed 75 % sensitivity, 98.6 % specificity . Conclusion: FNAC has high accuracy in the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid lesions. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-1, 23-29 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i1.9670
Keywords	Thyroid ; FNAC ; Histopathology ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	College of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An endodontic practice profile amongst general dental practitioners in Kathmandu

D Shrestha / M Dahal / S Karki

Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, Vol 9, Iss 4, Pp 40-

A questionnaire survey

2014 Volume 50

Abstract: Objective To investigate the endodontic practice profile of general dental practitioners. To explore the materials and methods employed by them in Kathmandu valley. To compare these findings with well acknowledged international academic standards. ... ...

Abstract	Objective To investigate the endodontic practice profile of general dental practitioners. To explore the materials and methods employed by them in Kathmandu valley. To compare these findings with well acknowledged international academic standards. Methods Questionnaires with 18 closed-ended questions were distributed among randomly chosen 120 general dental practitioners of Kathmandu, working in various government or private hospital or clinics.The data were collected and descriptive statistical analysis was done. Results Out of 120 questionnaires, only 110 that were completely filled were included in the study .Most general dental practitioners (97%) regularly did multi-rooted root canal treatments and followed multivisit root canal treatment. Radiograph with instrument in canal was used by 80% of general dental practitioners to determine the working length while only 36% used electronic apex locator which is considered to be more reliable. Half of them (57%) used nickel-titanium files for cleaning and shaping but only 23% used crown down technique. Sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide was the most popular irrigation solution and intra-canal medicament respectively. Majority of general dental practitioners (91%) used lateral compaction technique for root canal obturation. Sixty three percent used zinc oxide eugenol as root canal sealer and 46% used endomethasone. They seem to overuse antibiotics in cases requiring endodontic therapy. Only 48% used autoclave for sterilization of endodontic files while 86% never used rubber dam. Eight three percent of them felt the need of further endodontic training and 42% of them preferred post-graduate dental program. Conclusion This study shows that the standard guidelines and new technologies for endodontic treatments are not implemented by many general dental practitioners of Kathmandu and require further endodontic trainings. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-4, 40-50 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i4.10235
Keywords	endodontic treatment ; general dental practitioner ; questionnaire survey ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	670
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	College of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Clinical Characteristics of Children with Febrile Seizure

D Shrestha / A K Dhakal / H Shakya / A Shakya / S C Shah / S Mehata

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council (2015)

2015

Abstract: Background: Febrile seizure is common in children below five years of age. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical profile of children presenting with febrile seizure in a teaching hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study ... ...

Abstract	Background: Febrile seizure is common in children below five years of age. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical profile of children presenting with febrile seizure in a teaching hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study among children presenting with febrile seizure in a teaching hospital from July 2009 to June 2013. Children between six months to six years were included in the study while patients with prior episodes of afebrile seizures, abnormal neurodevelopment and not meeting the age criteria were excluded. Patientâ€™s demographic and clinical data were collected from the in-patients records and analyzed. Results: This study included 103 children with febrile seizure. Out of which 67% were male. Simple febrile seizureand complex febrile seizure were observed in 76.7% and 23.3% of patients respectively. Majority of children (71.8%)had generalized tonic clonic seizure followed by tonic seizures. Most of children (72.8%) who developed first episode of seizure were below 24 months of age with the mean age of 20.7 (Â±12.1) months. Overall 33% of patients developed recurrence of febrile seizure and first episode of febrile seizure at age one year or below was associated with the seizure recurrence. Upper respiratory tract infections were the commonest cause of fever in these children. Conclusions: Febrile seizure was observed predominantly in children below age of two years and simple febrile seizure was the commonest variety. Recurrence of febrile seizure was common and significantly associated with the first episode of febrile seizure at the age of one year or below. Keywords: Complex febrile seizure; febrile seizure; recurrence; simple febrile seizure.
Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nepal Health Research Council
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Nasal Carriage Rate of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Health Care Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

Sabita Khatri / Narayan Dutt Pant / Raju Bhandari / Krishma Laxmi Shrestha / Chandrika D Shrestha / Nabaraj Adhikari / Asia Poudel

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, Vol 15, Iss

2017 Volume 1

Abstract: Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. Due to its multidrug resistant nature; infections due to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are often very difficult to treat. ... ...

Abstract	Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. Due to its multidrug resistant nature; infections due to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are often very difficult to treat. Colonized health care workers are the important sources of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The objectives of this study were to determine the nasal carriage rate of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among health care workers at Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal and to assess their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 252 health care workers from July to November 2013. Mannitol salt agar was used to culture the nasal swabs. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were confirmed by using cefoxitin disc and by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of oxacillin by agar dilution method. Results: Of 252 healthcare workers, 46(18.3%) were positive for Staphylococcus aureus among which 19(41.3%) were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriers. Overall rate of nasal carriage of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 7.5% (19/252).The higher percentages of lab personnel were nasal carriers of S. aureus (31.6%) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (10.5%).The percentages of nasal carriage of S. aureus (35.7%) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (14.3%) were highest in the health care workers from post operative department. Higher percentage of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible toward amikacin (100%) and vancomycin (100%) followed by cotrimoxazole (84.2%). Conclusions: High rates of nasal carriage of S. aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were observed among the healthcare workers, which indicate the need of strict infection control measures to be followed to control the nosocomial infections. Keywords: Health care workers; MRSA; nasal carriage; Nepal; Staphylococcus aureus.
Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nepal Health Research Council
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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