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Article ; Online: Variability in cirrus cloud properties using a Polly XT Raman lidar over high and tropical latitudes

K. A. Voudouri / E. Giannakaki / M. Komppula / D. Balis

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 20, Pp 4427-

2020 Volume 4444

Abstract: Measurements of geometrical and optical properties of cirrus clouds, performed with a multi-wavelength Polly XT Raman lidar during the period 2008 to 2016, are analysed. The measurements were performed with the same instrument, during sequential periods, ...

Abstract	Measurements of geometrical and optical properties of cirrus clouds, performed with a multi-wavelength Polly XT Raman lidar during the period 2008 to 2016, are analysed. The measurements were performed with the same instrument, during sequential periods, in three places at different latitudes, Gwal Pahari (28.43 ∘ N, 77.15 ∘ E; 243 m a.s.l.) in India, Elandsfontein (26.25 ∘ S, 29.43 ∘ E; 1745 m a.s.l.) in South Africa and Kuopio (62.74 ∘ N, 27.54 ∘ E; 190 m a.s.l.) in Finland. The lidar dataset was processed by an automatic cirrus cloud masking algorithm, developed in the frame of this work. In the following, we present a statistical analysis of the lidar-retrieved geometrical characteristics (cloud boundaries, geometrical thickness) and optical properties of cirrus clouds (cloud optical depth, lidar ratio, ice crystal depolarisation ratio) measured over the three areas that correspond to subtropical and subarctic regions as well as their seasonal variability. The effect of multiple scattering from ice particles to the derived optical products is also considered and corrected in this study. Our results show that cirrus layers, which have a noticeable monthly variability, were observed between 6.5 and 13 km, with temperatures ranging from −72 to −27 ∘ C. The observed differences on cirrus clouds' geometrical and optical properties over the three regions are discussed in terms of latitudinal and temperature dependence. The latitudinal dependence of the geometrical properties is consistent with satellite observations, following the pattern observed with CloudSat, with decreasing values towards the poles. The geometrical boundaries have their highest values in the subtropical regions, and overall, our results seem to demonstrate that subarctic cirrus clouds are colder, lower and optically thinner than subtropical cirrus clouds. The dependence of cirrus cloud geometrical thickness and optical properties on mid-cirrus temperatures shows a quite similar tendency for the three sites but less variability for the ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Biomass burning events measured by lidars in EARLINET – Part 1

M. Adam / D. Nicolae / I. S. Stachlewska / A. Papayannis / D. Balis

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 20, Pp 13905-

Data analysis methodology

2020 Volume 13927

Abstract: The methodology of analysing the biomass burning events recorded in the database of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network in the framework of the Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure is presented. The period of 2008–2017 was ... ...

Abstract	The methodology of analysing the biomass burning events recorded in the database of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network in the framework of the Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure is presented. The period of 2008–2017 was chosen to analyse all of the events stored in the database under the Forest Fire category for a total of 14 stations available. The data provided ranged from complete datasets (particle backscatter, extinction and linear depolarization ratio profiles) to single profiles (particle backscatter coefficient profile). Smoke layers geometry was evaluated and the mean optical properties within each layer were computed. The back-trajectory technique was used to double-check the source of all pollution layers. The biomass burning layers were identified by taking into account the presence of the fires along the back trajectory. The biomass burning events are analysed by the means of the intensive parameters. The analysis was structured in three directions: (I) common biomass burning source (fire) recorded by at least two stations, (II) long-range transport from North America, and (III) analysis over four geographical regions (south-eastern Europe, north-eastern Europe, central Europe, and south-western Europe). Based on back-trajectory calculations and fire locations, the lidar measurements can be labelled either as measurements of a “single fire” or “mixed fires” (case I), measurements of North American fires, or measurements of mixed North American and local fires (case II). The histogram of the fire locations reveals the smoke sources for each region. For each region, statistics on intensive parameters are performed. The source origin of the intensive parameters is categorized based on the continental origin of the air mass (European, African, Asian, North American, or a combination of them). The methodology presented here is meant to provide a perspective to explore a large number of lidar data and deliver novel approaches to analyse the intensive parameters based on the ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: First validation of GOME-2/MetOp absorbing aerosol height using EARLINET lidar observations

K. Michailidis / M.-E. Koukouli / N. Siomos / D. Balis / O. Tuinder / L. G. Tilstra / L. Mona / G. Pappalardo / D. Bortoli

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 3193-

2021 Volume 3213

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instruments, aboard the Meteorological Operational (MetOp)-A, MetOp-B and MetOp-C satellite programme platforms, to deliver accurate geometrical ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) instruments, aboard the Meteorological Operational (MetOp)-A, MetOp-B and MetOp-C satellite programme platforms, to deliver accurate geometrical features of lofted aerosol layers. For this purpose, we use archived ground-based lidar data from stations available from the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) database. The data are post-processed using the wavelet covariance transform (WCT) method in order to extract geometrical features such as the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height and the cloud boundaries. To obtain a significant number of collocated and coincident GOME-2 – EARLINET cases for the period between January 2007 and September 2019, 13 lidar stations, distributed over different European latitudes, contributed to this validation. For the 172 carefully screened collocations, the mean bias was found to be − 0.18 ± 1.68 km, with a near-Gaussian distribution. On a station basis, and with a couple of exceptions where very few collocations were found, their mean biases fall in the ± 1 km range with an associated standard deviation between 0.5 and 1.5 km. Considering the differences, mainly due to the temporal collocation and the difference, between the satellite pixel size and the point view of the ground-based observations, these results can be quite promising and demonstrate that stable and extended aerosol layers as captured by the satellite sensors are verified by the ground-based data. We further present an in-depth analysis of a strong and long-lasting Saharan dust intrusion over the Iberian Peninsula. We show that, for this well-developed and spatially well-spread aerosol layer, most GOME-2 retrievals fall within 1 km of the exact temporally collocated lidar observation for the entire range of 0 to 150 km radii. This finding further testifies for the capabilities of the MetOp-borne instruments to sense the atmospheric aerosol layer heights.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	551 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Sudden changes in nitrogen dioxide emissions over Greece due to lockdown after the outbreak of COVID-19

M.-E. Koukouli / I. Skoulidou / A. Karavias / I. Parcharidis / D. Balis / A. Manders / A. Segers / H. Eskes / J. van Geffen

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 1759-

2021 Volume 1774

Abstract: The unprecedented order, in modern peaceful times, for a near-total lockdown of the Greek population as a means of protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, commonly known as COVID-19, has generated unintentional positive side- ... ...

Abstract	The unprecedented order, in modern peaceful times, for a near-total lockdown of the Greek population as a means of protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, commonly known as COVID-19, has generated unintentional positive side-effects with respect to the country's air quality levels. Sentinel-5 Precursor/Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (S5P/TROPOMI) monthly mean tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) observations show an average change of − 34 % to + 20 % and − 39 % to − 5 % with an average decrease of − 15 % and − 11 % for March and April 2020 respectively, compared with the previous year, over the six larger Greek metropolitan areas; this is mostly attributable to vehicular emission reductions. For the capital city of Athens, weekly analysis was statistically possible for the S5P/TROPOMI observations and revealed a marked decline in the NO 2 load of between − 8 % and − 43 % for 7 of the 8 weeks studied; this is in agreement with the equivalent Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)/Aura observations as well as the ground-based estimates of a multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy ground-based instrument. Chemical transport modelling of the NO 2 columns, provided by the Long Term Ozone Simulation European Operational Smog (LOTOS-EUROS) chemical transport model, shows that the magnitude of these reductions cannot solely be attributed to the difference in meteorological factors affecting NO 2 levels during March and April 2020 and the equivalent time periods of the previous year. Taking this factor into account, the resulting decline was estimated to range between ∼ − 25 % and − 65 % for 5 of the 8 weeks studied, with the remaining 3 weeks showing a positive average of ∼ 10 %; this positive average was postulated to be due to the uncertainty of the methodology, which is based on differences. As a result this analysis, we conclude that the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown and the restriction of transport emissions over Greece is ∼ − 10 %. As transport is the second largest ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	511
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Volcanic SO 2 layer height by TROPOMI/S5P

M.-E. Koukouli / K. Michailidis / P. Hedelt / I. A. Taylor / A. Inness / L. Clarisse / D. Balis / D. Efremenko / D. Loyola / R. G. Grainger / C. Retscher

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 22, Pp 5665-

evaluation against IASI/MetOp and CALIOP/CALIPSO observations

2022 Volume 5683

Abstract: Volcanic eruptions eject large amounts of ash and trace gases such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) into the atmosphere. A significant difficulty in mitigating the impact of volcanic SO 2 clouds on air traffic safety is that these gas emissions can be rapidly ... ...

Abstract	Volcanic eruptions eject large amounts of ash and trace gases such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) into the atmosphere. A significant difficulty in mitigating the impact of volcanic SO 2 clouds on air traffic safety is that these gas emissions can be rapidly transported over long distances. The use of space-borne instruments enables the global monitoring of volcanic SO 2 emissions in an economical and risk-free manner. Within the European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-5p + Innovation project, the S5P SO 2 layer height (S5P + I: SO2LH) activities led to the improvements of the retrieval algorithm and generation of the corresponding near real-time S5P SO 2 LH products. These are currently operationally provided, in near real-time, by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) within the framework of the Innovative Products for Analyses of Atmospheric Composition (INPULS) project. The main aim of this paper is to present its extensive verification, accomplished within the S5P + I: SO2LH project, over major recent volcanic eruptions, against collocated space-borne measurements from the IASI/Metop and CALIOP/CALIPSO instruments as well as assess its impact on the forecasts provided by the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS). The mean difference between S5P and IASI observations for the Raikoke 2019, the Nishinoshima 2020 and the La Soufrière-St Vincent 2021 eruptive periods is ∼ 0.5 ± 3 km, while for the Taal 2020 eruption, a larger difference was found, between 3 ± 3 km and 4 ± 3 km. The comparison of the daily mean SO 2 LH further demonstrates the capabilities of this near real-time product, with slopes between 0.8 and 1 and correlation coefficients ranging between 0.6 and 0.8. Comparisons between the S5P SO 2 LH and the CALIOP/CALIPSO ash plumes revealed an expected bias at − 2.5 ± 2 km, considering that the injected SO 2 and ash plume locations do not always coincide over an eruption. Furthermore, the CAMS assimilation of the S5P SO 2 LH product led to much improved model output against the non-assimilated IASI LH, ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	511
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: A sensitivity study of the LIdar-Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC) using selected cases from Thessaloniki, Greece database

Filioglou, M / N. Siomos / A. Poupkou / S. Dimopoulos / A. Chaikovsky / D. Balis

International journal of remote sensing. 2018 Jan. 17, v. 39, no. 2

2018

Abstract: We investigate the uncertainty introduced to the optical and microphysical properties estimated with the lidar radiometer inversion code (LIRIC) by user-defined input parameters based on measurements carried out with a multi-wavelength Raman lidar and a ... ...

Abstract	We investigate the uncertainty introduced to the optical and microphysical properties estimated with the lidar radiometer inversion code (LIRIC) by user-defined input parameters based on measurements carried out with a multi-wavelength Raman lidar and a sun photometer located at Thessaloniki, Greece (40.6Â° N, 22.9Â° E, 60Â m above sea level). The sensitivity study involves three tests. We first evaluate the selection of the regularization parameters needed for the algorithm to initialize the iteration process. The latter two tests consider the impact of the boundary limits at the top/bottom (upper/lower limit) of the signal to the derived concentration profiles. The aforementioned tests were applied to two different cases, a Saharan dust event and a continental pollution case. We concluded that the largest uncertainties are introduced when varying the lower limit (more than 35%) regardless of the aerosol type or mode (fine/coarse). Varying the regularization parameters resulted in an uncertainty of 20%, and the selection of upper limit led to discrepancies of less than 3%. In conclusion, this sensitivity study indicates that future LIRIC users should apply an overlap function to the lidar signals before applying the methodology for minimizing the uncertainties in the near range.
Keywords	aerosols ; algorithms ; databases ; dust ; lidar ; photometers ; pollution ; remote sensing ; uncertainty ; Greece
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0117
Size	p. 315-333.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1497529-4
ISSN	1366-5901 ; 0143-1161
ISSN (online)	1366-5901
ISSN	0143-1161
DOI	10.1080/01431161.2017.1384589
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Validation of the TROPOMI/S5P aerosol layer height using EARLINET lidars

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 23, Pp 1919-

2023 Volume 1940

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of the Sentinel-5P TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) to derive accurate geometrical features of lofted aerosol layers, selecting the Mediterranean Basin as the study area. Comparisons ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of the Sentinel-5P TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) to derive accurate geometrical features of lofted aerosol layers, selecting the Mediterranean Basin as the study area. Comparisons with ground-based correlative measurements constitute a key component in the validation of passive and active satellite aerosol products. For this purpose, we use ground-based observations from quality-controlled lidar stations reporting to the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET). An optimal methodology for validation purposes has been developed and applied using the EARLINET optical profiles and TROPOMI aerosol products, aiming at the in-depth evaluation of the TROPOMI aerosol layer height (ALH) product for the period 2018 to 2022 over the Mediterranean Basin. Seven EARLINET stations were chosen, taking into consideration their proximity to the sea, which provided 63 coincident aerosol cases for the satellite retrievals. In the following, we present the first validation results for the TROPOMI/S5P ALH using the optimized EARLINET lidar products employing the automated validation chain designed for this purpose. The quantitative validation at pixels over the selected EARLINET stations illustrates that the TROPOMI ALH product is consistent with the EARLINET lidar products, with a high correlation coefficient R =0.82 ( R =0.51 ) and a mean bias of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.51</mn><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">0.77</mn></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="64pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="eb86c47683a107d355a686e9238afc79"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-23-1919-2023-ie00001.svg" width="64pt" height="10pt" ...<br />
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of the LOTOS-EUROS NO 2 simulations using ground-based measurements and S5P/TROPOMI observations over Greece

I. Skoulidou / M.-E. Koukouli / A. Manders / A. Segers / D. Karagkiozidis / M. Gratsea / D. Balis / A. Bais / E. Gerasopoulos / T. Stavrakou / J. van Geffen / H. Eskes / A. Richter

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 5269-

2021 Volume 5288

Abstract: The evaluation of chemical transport models, CTMs, is essential for the assessment of their performance regarding the physical and chemical parameterizations used. While regional CTMs have been widely used and evaluated over Europe, their validation over ...

Abstract	The evaluation of chemical transport models, CTMs, is essential for the assessment of their performance regarding the physical and chemical parameterizations used. While regional CTMs have been widely used and evaluated over Europe, their validation over Greece is limited. In this study, we investigate the performance of the Long Term Ozone Simulation European Operational Smog (LOTOS-EUROS) v2.2.001 regional chemical transport model in simulating nitrogen dioxide, NO 2 , over Greece from June to December 2018. In situ NO 2 measurements obtained from 14 stations of the National Air Pollution Monitoring Network are compared with surface simulations over the two major cities of Greece, Athens and Thessaloniki. Overall the LOTOS-EUROS NO 2 surface simulations compare very well to the in situ measurements showing a mild underestimation of the measurements with a mean relative bias of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="13608f3dc1bc69445c2e36410c40a5f7"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-5269-2021-ie00001.svg" width="32pt" height="10pt" src="acp-21-5269-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> %, a high spatial correlation coefficient of 0.86 and an average temporal correlation of 0.52. The CTM underestimates the NO 2 surface concentrations during daytime by <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">50</mn></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="32pt" height="10pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" ...<br />
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	511
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparison of two automated aerosol typing methods and their application to an EARLINET station

K. A. Voudouri / N. Siomos / K. Michailidis / N. Papagiannopoulos / L. Mona / C. Cornacchia / D. Nicolae / D. Balis

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 19, Pp 10961-

2019 Volume 10980

Abstract: In this study we apply and compare two algorithms for the automated aerosol-type characterization of the aerosol layers derived from Raman lidar measurements over the EARLINET station of Thessaloniki, Greece. Both automated aerosol-type characterization ... ...

Abstract	In this study we apply and compare two algorithms for the automated aerosol-type characterization of the aerosol layers derived from Raman lidar measurements over the EARLINET station of Thessaloniki, Greece. Both automated aerosol-type characterization methods base their typing on lidar-derived aerosol-intensive properties. The methodologies are briefly described and their application to three distinct cases is demonstrated and evaluated. Then the two classification schemes were applied in the automatic mode to a more extensive dataset. The dataset analyzed corresponds to ACTRIS/EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar NETwork) Thessaloniki data acquired during the period 2012–2015. Seventy-one layers out of 110 (percentage of 65 %) were typed by both techniques, and 56 of these 71 layers (percentage of 79 %) were attributed to the same aerosol type. However, as shown, the identification rate of both typing algorithms can be changed regarding the selection of appropriate threshold criteria. Four major types of aerosols are considered in this study: Dust, Maritime, PollutedSmoke and CleanContinental. The analysis showed that the two algorithms, when applied to real atmospheric conditions, provide typing results that are in good agreement regarding the automatic characterization of PollutedSmoke, while there are some differences between the two methods regarding the characterization of Dust and CleanContinental. These disagreements are mainly attributed to differences in the definitions of the aerosol types between the two methods, regarding the intensive properties used and their range.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Summary of research paper submitted* to Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics titled

E. Giannakaki / P.G. van Zyl / D. Müller / D. Balis / M. Komppula

Clean Air Journal, Vol 26, Iss

Optical and microphysical characterization of aerosol layers over South Africa by means of multi-wavelength polarization Raman lidar measurements

2016 Volume 1

Keywords	Environmental pollution ; TD172-193.5 ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	National Association for Clean Air
Document type	Article ; Online
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