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  1. Article ; Online: Reducing rates of

    Casari, E / De Luca, C / Calabrò, M / Scuderi, C / Daleno, C / Ferrario, A

    Antimicrobial resistance and infection control

    2018  Volume 7, Page(s) 40

    Abstract: Background: Clostridium difficile: Methods: Our hospital made a decision to switch from the use of toxin immunoassay to a stand-alone nucleic acid test. This change was accompanied by the provision of clear sampling guidance and rejection criteria ... ...

    Abstract Background: Clostridium difficile
    Methods: Our hospital made a decision to switch from the use of toxin immunoassay to a stand-alone nucleic acid test. This change was accompanied by the provision of clear sampling guidance and rejection criteria and this study aimed to assess the impact of that change. We analysed sample numbers, numbers of positive results, and the proportion of cases assessed as healthcare acquired over a 6-year period during which the testing method was changed from a toxin A/B immunoassay to a stand-alone commercial nucleic acid test after the first two years.
    Results: Sample numbers and numbers of cases assessed as healthcare acquired fell following the introduction of the nucleic acid test and sampling guidance, while infection rates in other hospitals in the same region remained relatively stable.
    Conclusions: It is our opinion that the use of a highly sensitive assay together with clear sampling guidance offers the optimal approach to patient management and best use of isolation facilities.
    MeSH term(s) Bacterial Toxins/genetics ; Bacterial Toxins/isolation & purification ; Clostridium Infections/diagnosis ; Clostridium Infections/prevention & control ; Clostridium difficile/genetics ; Clostridium difficile/pathogenicity ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Specimen Handling/methods ; Specimen Handling/standards
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Toxins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-03-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2666706-X
    ISSN 2047-2994 ; 2047-2994
    ISSN (online) 2047-2994
    ISSN 2047-2994
    DOI 10.1186/s13756-018-0332-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Circulation of two Enterovirus C105 (EV-C105) lineages in Europe and Africa.

    Piralla, A / Daleno, C / Girello, A / Esposito, S / Baldanti, F

    The Journal of general virology

    2015  Volume 96, Issue Pt 6, Page(s) 1374–1379

    Abstract: The coding sequences of five human enterovirus (HEV)-C genotype 105 strains recovered in Italy, Romania and Burundi from patients with upper and lower respiratory tract infections were analysed and phylogenetically compared with other circulating HEV-C ... ...

    Abstract The coding sequences of five human enterovirus (HEV)-C genotype 105 strains recovered in Italy, Romania and Burundi from patients with upper and lower respiratory tract infections were analysed and phylogenetically compared with other circulating HEV-C strains. The EV-C105 was closely related to EV-C109 and EV-C118 strains. The European strains were similar to other circulating EV-C105 strains, while the two African EV-C105 clustered in separate bootstrap-supported (>0.90) branches of the P2 and P3 region trees. Minor inconsistencies in the clustering pattern of EV-C105 in the capsid region (P1) and non-capsid region (P3) suggest that recombination may have occurred in EV-C105 group B viruses. In conclusion, phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of two distinct EV-C105 lineages in Europe and Africa. A different pattern of evolution could be hypothesized for the two EV-C105 lineages.
    MeSH term(s) Burundi/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enterovirus C, Human/classification ; Enterovirus C, Human/genetics ; Enterovirus C, Human/isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology ; Enterovirus Infections/virology ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Romania/epidemiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology ; Viral Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral ; Viral Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-02-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 219316-4
    ISSN 1465-2099 ; 0022-1317
    ISSN (online) 1465-2099
    ISSN 0022-1317
    DOI 10.1099/vir.0.000088
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Human rhinoviruses and severe respiratory infections: is it possible to identify at-risk patients early?

    Principi, Nicola / Daleno, Cristina / Esposito, Susanna

    Expert review of anti-infective therapy

    2014  Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 423–430

    Abstract: Molecular methods of viral screening have demonstrated that human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are associated with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia), exacerbations of chronic pulmonary disease and the development of ...

    Abstract Molecular methods of viral screening have demonstrated that human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are associated with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia), exacerbations of chronic pulmonary disease and the development of asthma. Patients with severe chronic diseases are at greater risk of developing major clinical problems when infected by HRVs, particularly if they are immunocompromised or have a chronic lung disease. Analysing the characteristics of HRVs does not provide any certainty concerning the risk of a poor prognosis and, although viremia seems to be associated with an increased risk of severe HRV infection, the available data are too scanty to be considered conclusive. However, a chest x-ray showing alveolar involvement suggests the potentially negative evolution of a bacterial superinfection. There is therefore an urgent need for more effective diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic measures in order to prevent HRV infection, and identify and treat the patients at highest risk.
    MeSH term(s) Asthma/complications ; Asthma/virology ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Picornaviridae Infections/diagnosis ; Picornaviridae Infections/diagnostic imaging ; Picornaviridae Infections/virology ; Pneumonia/complications ; Radiography ; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis ; Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnostic imaging ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Rhinovirus ; Viral Load ; Viremia/complications ; Viremia/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2181279-2
    ISSN 1744-8336 ; 1478-7210
    ISSN (online) 1744-8336
    ISSN 1478-7210
    DOI 10.1586/14787210.2014.890048
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Influenza C virus–associated community-acquired pneumonia in children.

    Principi, Nicola / Scala, Alessia / Daleno, Cristina / Esposito, Susanna

    Influenza and other respiratory viruses

    2013  Volume 7, Issue 6, Page(s) 999–1003

    Abstract: To evaluate the impact of influenza C (ICV) infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), all of the children consecutively seen during 4 influenza seasons with respiratory symptoms and radiographically confirmed CAP were prospectively ... ...

    Abstract To evaluate the impact of influenza C (ICV) infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), all of the children consecutively seen during 4 influenza seasons with respiratory symptoms and radiographically confirmed CAP were prospectively evaluated. ICV was identified in the respiratory secretions of five of 391 patients (1·3%). In children with ICV-associated CAP, clinical data were similar to those observed in children with IAV-associated CAP and worse than those observed in children with IBV-associated. The phylogenetic tree showed that the sequenced strains clustered in two of the six ICV lineages. These findings highlight that ICV can be a cause of CAP of children and that this can be severe enough to require hospitalization.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cluster Analysis ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology ; Community-Acquired Infections/pathology ; Community-Acquired Infections/virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/pathology ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Gammainfluenzavirus/classification ; Gammainfluenzavirus/genetics ; Gammainfluenzavirus/isolation & purification ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/pathology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-04-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2274538-5
    ISSN 1750-2659 ; 1750-2640
    ISSN (online) 1750-2659
    ISSN 1750-2640
    DOI 10.1111/irv.12062
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Impact of rhinovirus nasopharyngeal viral load and viremia on severity of respiratory infections in children.

    Esposito, S / Daleno, C / Scala, A / Castellazzi, L / Terranova, L / Sferrazza Papa, S / Longo, M R / Pelucchi, C / Principi, N

    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology

    2013  Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) 41–48

    Abstract: There are few and partially discordant data regarding nasopharyngeal rhinovirus (RV) load and viremia, and none of the published studies evaluated the two variables together. The aim of this study was to provide new information concerning the clinical ... ...

    Abstract There are few and partially discordant data regarding nasopharyngeal rhinovirus (RV) load and viremia, and none of the published studies evaluated the two variables together. The aim of this study was to provide new information concerning the clinical relevance of determining nasopharyngeal viral load and viremia when characterising RV infection. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 251 children upon their admission to hospital because of fever and signs and symptoms of acute respiratory infection in order to identify the virus and determine its nasopharyngeal load, and a venous blood sample was taken in order to evaluate viremia. Fifty children (19.9 %) had RV-positive nasopharyngeal swabs, six (12 %) of whom also had RV viremia: RV-C in four cases (66.6 %), and RV-A and RV-B in one case each. The RV nasopharyngeal load was significantly higher in the children with RV viremia (p < 0.001), who also had a higher respiratory rate (p = 0.02), white blood cell counts (p = 0.008) and C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.006), lower blood O2 saturation levels (P = 0.005), and more often required O2 therapy (p = 0.009). The presence of RV viremia is associated with a significantly higher nasopharyngeal viral load and more severe disease, which suggests that a high nasopharyngeal viral load is a prerequisite for viremia, and that viremia is associated with considerable clinical involvement.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nasopharynx/virology ; Picornaviridae Infections/pathology ; Picornaviridae Infections/virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Rhinovirus/isolation & purification ; Severity of Illness Index ; Viral Load ; Viremia/pathology ; Viremia/virology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-07-28
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 603155-9
    ISSN 1435-4373 ; 0934-9723 ; 0722-2211
    ISSN (online) 1435-4373
    ISSN 0934-9723 ; 0722-2211
    DOI 10.1007/s10096-013-1926-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Complete genome characterization of enterovirus 104 circulating in Northern Italy shows recombinant origin of the P3 region.

    Piralla, Antonio / Fiorina, Loretta / Daleno, Cristina / Esposito, Susanna / Baldanti, Fausto

    Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases

    2013  Volume 20, Page(s) 111–117

    Abstract: Human enterovirus 104 (EV-C104) is a member of the Human Enterovirus species C (Family Picornaviridae, Genus Enterovirus) and has been associated with mild respiratory syndromes. At present, only two EV-C104 complete genome sequences from strains ... ...

    Abstract Human enterovirus 104 (EV-C104) is a member of the Human Enterovirus species C (Family Picornaviridae, Genus Enterovirus) and has been associated with mild respiratory syndromes. At present, only two EV-C104 complete genome sequences from strains detected in Switzerland and Japan have been deposited in GenBank. In this study a complete genome analysis of seven Italian EV-C104 strains was carried out. In addition, VP1 sequence analysis was performed in an additional 5 Italian strains (for a total of 12 strains). The genome length of the seven strains was 7406 nucleotides (nt). The seven genomes showed 91.0-96.9% nucleotide identity with respect to other available EV-C104 complete genomes. The P1 and P2 regions of the Italian strains were closely related to EV-C104 identified in Switzerland, while the P3 region was closely related to the EV-C117 strain. In addition, bootscan analysis showed the presence of one putative recombination breakpoint between the P2 and P3 regions. Based on the trees constructed with partial VP1/2A nucleotide sequences, as well as the 3D partial coding region tree, the Italian strains appear to form a single and independent cluster together with the EV-C104 Japanese strain. In conclusion, a complete phylogenetic analysis of the relationship between EV-C104 and other known HEV-C strains was achieved. In addition, the recombinant origin of EV-C104, which has circulated in Italy and Japan, was demonstrated.
    MeSH term(s) Base Sequence ; Enterovirus C, Human/classification ; Enterovirus C, Human/genetics ; Enterovirus C, Human/isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections/virology ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Humans ; Italy ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Viral Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral ; Viral Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2037068-4
    ISSN 1567-7257 ; 1567-1348
    ISSN (online) 1567-7257
    ISSN 1567-1348
    DOI 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.08.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Full Genome Sequence of a Novel Human Enterovirus C (EV-C118) Isolated from Two Children with Acute Otitis Media and Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Israel

    Daleno, Cristina / Piralla, Antonio / Scala, Alessia / Baldanti, Fausto / Greenberg, David / Principi, Nicola / Esposito, Susanna

    Genome announcements. 2013 Feb. 28, v. 1, no. 1

    2013  

    Abstract: The new enterovirus C strain EV-C118 belongs to the human enterovirus C species of the Picornaviridae family. We report the complete genome sequence of this strain, which was identified in respiratory specimens of two children hospitalized in Israel ... ...

    Abstract The new enterovirus C strain EV-C118 belongs to the human enterovirus C species of the Picornaviridae family. We report the complete genome sequence of this strain, which was identified in respiratory specimens of two children hospitalized in Israel because of acute otitis media and community-acquired pneumonia who were enrolled in the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Pediatric Research Initiative (CAP-PRI) study.
    Keywords Enterovirus C ; children ; nucleotide sequences ; otitis media ; pneumonia ; Israel
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-0228
    Size p. e00121-12.
    Publishing place American Society for Microbiology
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2704277-7
    ISSN 2169-8287
    ISSN 2169-8287
    DOI 10.1128/genomeA.00121-12
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Detection of norovirus in respiratory secretions in children with respiratory tract infection.

    Esposito, Susanna / Daleno, Cristina / Scala, Alessia / Senatore, Laura / Ascolese, Beatrice / Principi, Nicola

    The Pediatric infectious disease journal

    2014  Volume 33, Issue 3, Page(s) 314–316

    Abstract: To evaluate whether norovirus (NoV) can be a possible cause of respiratory tract infection, 562 nasopharyngeal samples collected from children admitted for influenza-like illness were tested for NoV. Three (0.5%) were positive NoV GII.4. The data show ... ...

    Abstract To evaluate whether norovirus (NoV) can be a possible cause of respiratory tract infection, 562 nasopharyngeal samples collected from children admitted for influenza-like illness were tested for NoV. Three (0.5%) were positive NoV GII.4. The data show that NoV can be found in the respiratory secretions of children with respiratory symptoms and that respiratory involvement can precede gastrointestinal manifestations.
    MeSH term(s) Caliciviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Caliciviridae Infections/virology ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Italy ; Male ; Nasopharynx/virology ; Norovirus/genetics ; Norovirus/isolation & purification ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; Retrospective Studies
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 392481-6
    ISSN 1532-0987 ; 0891-3668
    ISSN (online) 1532-0987
    ISSN 0891-3668
    DOI 10.1097/INF.0000000000000035
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in paediatric pneumonia.

    Cardinale, F / Chironna, M / Dumke, R / Binetti, A / Daleno, C / Sallustio, A / Valzano, A / Esposito, S

    The European respiratory journal

    2011  Volume 37, Issue 6, Page(s) 1522–1524

    MeSH term(s) Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Child ; Ciprofloxacin/therapeutic use ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia/drug therapy ; Hypoxia/microbiology ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Macrolides/therapeutic use ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae/drug effects ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae/isolation & purification ; Neutrophils/microbiology ; Oxygen/blood ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/drug therapy ; Radiography ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Macrolides ; Ciprofloxacin (5E8K9I0O4U) ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639359-7
    ISSN 1399-3003 ; 0903-1936
    ISSN (online) 1399-3003
    ISSN 0903-1936
    DOI 10.1183/09031936.00172510
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Phylogenetic analysis of human rhinovirus isolates collected from otherwise healthy children with community-acquired pneumonia during five successive years.

    Daleno, Cristina / Piralla, Antonio / Scala, Alessia / Senatore, Laura / Principi, Nicola / Esposito, Susanna

    PloS one

    2013  Volume 8, Issue 11, Page(s) e80614

    Abstract: In order to evaluate the circulation of the different human rhinovirus (HRV) species and genotypes in Italian children with radiographically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), a nasopharyngeal swab was obtained from 643 children admitted to ... ...

    Abstract In order to evaluate the circulation of the different human rhinovirus (HRV) species and genotypes in Italian children with radiographically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), a nasopharyngeal swab was obtained from 643 children admitted to hospital because of CAP during five consecutive winter and early spring seasons (2007-2012). Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to identify HRV, and the HRV-positive samples were used for sequencing analysis and to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree. HRV was identified in 198 samples (42.2%), and the VP4/VP2 region was successfully amplified in 151 (76.3%). HRV-A was identified in 78 samples (51.6%), HRV-B in 14 (9.3%) and HRV-C in 59 (39.1%). Forty-seven (31.1%) of the children with HRV infection were aged <1 year, 71 (47.0%) were aged 1-3 years, and 33 (21.9%) were aged ≥4 years. Blast and phylogenetic analyses showed that the HRV strains were closely related to a total of 66 reference genotypes, corresponding to 29 HRV-A, 9 HRV-B and 28 HRV-C strains. Nucleotide variability was 37% between HRV-A and HRV-B, 37.3% between HRV-A and HRV-C, and 39.9% between HRV-B and HRV-C. A number of sequences clustered with known serotypes and, within these clusters, there were strains circulating during several seasons. The most frequently detected genotypes were HRV-A78 (n=17), HRV-A12 (n=9) and HRV-C2 (n=5). This study shows that, although it is mainly associated with HRV-A, pediatric CAP can also be diagnosed in subjects infected by HRV-C and, more rarely, by HRV-B. Moreover, a large number of genotypes may be involved in causing pediatric CAP and can be different from year to year. Although the prolonged circulation of the same genotypes can sometimes be associated with a number of CAP episodes in different years.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Community-Acquired Infections ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Picornaviridae Infections/virology ; Pneumonia/epidemiology ; Pneumonia/virology ; Rhinovirus/classification ; Rhinovirus/genetics ; Seasons
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-11-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0080614
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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