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Article ; Online: Sex and Brain: The Role of Sex Chromosomes and Hormones in Brain Development and Parkinson's Disease.

Terrin, Francesca / Tesoriere, Annachiara / Plotegher, Nicoletta / Dalla Valle, Luisa

2023 Volume 12, Issue 11

Abstract: Sex hormones and genes on the sex chromosomes are not only key factors in the regulation of sexual differentiation and reproduction but they are also deeply involved in brain homeostasis. Their action is crucial for the development of the brain, which ... ...

Abstract	Sex hormones and genes on the sex chromosomes are not only key factors in the regulation of sexual differentiation and reproduction but they are also deeply involved in brain homeostasis. Their action is crucial for the development of the brain, which presents different characteristics depending on the sex of individuals. The role of these players in the brain is fundamental in the maintenance of brain function during adulthood as well, thus being important also with respect to age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we explore the role of biological sex in the development of the brain and analyze its impact on the predisposition toward and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, we focus on Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that has a higher incidence in the male population. We report how sex hormones and genes encoded by the sex chromosomes could protect from the disease or alternatively predispose toward its development. We finally underline the importance of considering sex when studying brain physiology and pathology in cellular and animal models in order to better understand disease etiology and develop novel tailored therapeutic strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/pathology ; Hormones ; Brain/pathology ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology ; Sex Chromosomes/genetics
Chemical Substances	Hormones ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells12111486
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Article: Gene expression in regenerating and scarring tails of lizard evidences three main key genes (wnt2b, egfl6, and arhgap28) activated during the regulated process of tail regeneration

Degan, Massimo / Dalla Valle, Luisa / Alibardi, Lorenzo

Protoplasma. 2021 Jan., v. 258, no. 1

2021

Abstract: We have analyzed the expression of key genes orchestrating tail regeneration in lizard under normal and scarring conditions after cauterization. At 1-day post-cauterization (1 dpc), the injured blastema contains degenerating epithelial and mesenchymal ... ...

Abstract	We have analyzed the expression of key genes orchestrating tail regeneration in lizard under normal and scarring conditions after cauterization. At 1-day post-cauterization (1 dpc), the injured blastema contains degenerating epithelial and mesenchymal cells, numerous mast cells, and immune cells. At 3 and 7 dpc, a stratified wound epidermis is forming while fibrocytes give rise to a scarring connective tissue. Oncogenes such as wnt2b, egfl6, wnt6, and mycn and the tumor suppressor arhgap28 are much more expressed than other oncogenes (hmga2, rhov, fgf8, fgfr4, tert, shh) and tumor suppressors (apcdd1, p63, rb, fat2, bcl11b) in the normal blastema and at 7 dpc. Blastemas at 3 dpc feature the lowest upregulation of most genes, likely derived from damage after cauterization. Immunomodulator genes nfatc4 and lef1 are more expressed at 7 dpc than in normal blastema and 3 dpc suggesting the induction of immune response favoring scarring. Balanced over-expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and immune modulator genes determines regulation of cell proliferation (anti-oncogenic), of movement (anti-metastatic), and immunosuppression in the normal blastema. Significant higher expression of oncogenes wnt2b and egfl6 in normal blastema and higher expression of the tumor suppressor arhgap28 in the 7 dpc blastema indicate that they are among the key/master genes that determine the regulated regeneration of the tail.
Keywords	cell proliferation ; epithelium ; fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 ; immune response ; immunomodulators ; immunosuppression ; lizards ; neoplasms ; oncogenes ; tail ; wnt proteins
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-01
Size	p. 3-17.
Publishing place	Springer Vienna
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	123809-7
ISSN	1615-6102 ; 0033-183X
ISSN (online)	1615-6102
ISSN	0033-183X
DOI	10.1007/s00709-020-01545-6
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Article ; Online: Gene expression in regenerating and scarring tails of lizard evidences three main key genes (wnt2b, egfl6, and arhgap28) activated during the regulated process of tail regeneration.

Degan, Massimo / Dalla Valle, Luisa / Alibardi, Lorenzo

Protoplasma

2020 Volume 258, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–17

Abstract	We have analyzed the expression of key genes orchestrating tail regeneration in lizard under normal and scarring conditions after cauterization. At 1-day post-cauterization (1 dpc), the injured blastema contains degenerating epithelial and mesenchymal cells, numerous mast cells, and immune cells. At 3 and 7 dpc, a stratified wound epidermis is forming while fibrocytes give rise to a scarring connective tissue. Oncogenes such as wnt2b, egfl6, wnt6, and mycn and the tumor suppressor arhgap28 are much more expressed than other oncogenes (hmga2, rhov, fgf8, fgfr4, tert, shh) and tumor suppressors (apcdd1, p63, rb, fat2, bcl11b) in the normal blastema and at 7 dpc. Blastemas at 3 dpc feature the lowest upregulation of most genes, likely derived from damage after cauterization. Immunomodulator genes nfatc4 and lef1 are more expressed at 7 dpc than in normal blastema and 3 dpc suggesting the induction of immune response favoring scarring. Balanced over-expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and immune modulator genes determines regulation of cell proliferation (anti-oncogenic), of movement (anti-metastatic), and immunosuppression in the normal blastema. Significant higher expression of oncogenes wnt2b and egfl6 in normal blastema and higher expression of the tumor suppressor arhgap28 in the 7 dpc blastema indicate that they are among the key/master genes that determine the regulated regeneration of the tail.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Gene Expression/genetics ; Lizards ; Regeneration/genetics ; Tail/growth & development
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-27
Publishing country	Austria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123809-7
ISSN	1615-6102 ; 0033-183X
ISSN (online)	1615-6102
ISSN	0033-183X
DOI	10.1007/s00709-020-01545-6
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Article ; Online: Learning and visual discrimination in newly hatched zebrafish.

Santacà, Maria / Dadda, Marco / Dalla Valle, Luisa / Fontana, Camilla / Gjinaj, Gabriela / Bisazza, Angelo

iScience

2022 Volume 25, Issue 5, Page(s) 104283

Abstract: With the exception of humans, early cognitive development has been thoroughly investigated only in precocial species, well developed at birth and with a broad behavioral and cognitive repertoire. We investigated another highly altricial species, the ... ...

Abstract	With the exception of humans, early cognitive development has been thoroughly investigated only in precocial species, well developed at birth and with a broad behavioral and cognitive repertoire. We investigated another highly altricial species, the zebrafish,
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2589-0042
ISSN (online)	2589-0042
DOI	10.1016/j.isci.2022.104283
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Article: In vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of microbial polysaccharides extracted from Euganean therapeutic muds

Zampieri, Raffaella Margherita / Adessi, Alessandra / Caldara, Fabrizio / De Philippis, Roberto / Dalla Valle, Luisa / La Rocca, Nicoletta

International journal of biological macromolecules. 2022 June 01, v. 209

2022

Abstract: Therapeutic thermal mud produced by spas of the Euganean Thermal District (Italy) is used as a treatment for arthro-rheumatic diseases. Its production involves the growth of a specific microbiota embedded in a polysaccharidic matrix. Polysaccharides ( ... ...

Abstract	Therapeutic thermal mud produced by spas of the Euganean Thermal District (Italy) is used as a treatment for arthro-rheumatic diseases. Its production involves the growth of a specific microbiota embedded in a polysaccharidic matrix. Polysaccharides (Microbial-PolySaccharides, M-PS) released in the mud by the resident microorganisms were extracted and analyzed. The monosaccharidic composition analysis showed the presence of galacturonic acid, mannose, xylose, ribose and glucose and a high percentage of sulfated groups in the polymers. To assess their involvement in the therapeutic efficacy of the mud, the M-PS were tested using the model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio). The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were evaluated after confirming the lack of toxic effects during development. Inflammatory state was induced chemically with copper sulfate, or through tail fin amputation procedure and UVB exposure. Recovery from inflammatory condition after exposure to M-PS was always observed with specific morphometric analyses, and further supported by qPCR. Genes linked with the inflammatory and oxidative stress response were investigated confirming the M-PS treatment's efficacy.
Keywords	Danio rerio ; amputation ; antioxidants ; copper sulfate ; galacturonic acid ; glucose ; mannose ; microorganisms ; morphometry ; oxidative stress ; polysaccharides ; ribose ; stress response ; toxicity ; xylose ; Italy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0601
Size	p. 1710-1719.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.123
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Article ; Online: Knockout of the

Theodoridi, Antonia / Dinarello, Alberto / Badenetti, Lorenzo / Pavlidis, Michail / Dalla Valle, Luisa / Tsalafouta, Aleka

International journal of molecular sciences

2021 Volume 22, Issue 22

Abstract: The Hsd11b2 enzyme converts cortisol into its inactive form, cortisone and regulates cortisol levels, in particular in response to stress. Taking advantage of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated ... ...

Abstract	The Hsd11b2 enzyme converts cortisol into its inactive form, cortisone and regulates cortisol levels, in particular in response to stress. Taking advantage of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated a
MeSH term(s)	11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2/genetics ; Animals ; Female ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/adverse effects ; Hydrocortisone/pharmacology ; Larva/genetics ; Male ; Stress, Physiological/genetics ; Zebrafish/genetics ; Zebrafish/growth & development
Chemical Substances	11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 (EC 1.1.1.146) ; Hydrocortisone (WI4X0X7BPJ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms222212525
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Article ; Online: In vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of microbial polysaccharides extracted from Euganean therapeutic muds.

Zampieri, Raffaella Margherita / Adessi, Alessandra / Caldara, Fabrizio / De Philippis, Roberto / Dalla Valle, Luisa / La Rocca, Nicoletta

International journal of biological macromolecules

2022 Volume 209, Issue Pt B, Page(s) 1710–1719

Abstract	Therapeutic thermal mud produced by spas of the Euganean Thermal District (Italy) is used as a treatment for arthro-rheumatic diseases. Its production involves the growth of a specific microbiota embedded in a polysaccharidic matrix. Polysaccharides (Microbial-PolySaccharides, M-PS) released in the mud by the resident microorganisms were extracted and analyzed. The monosaccharidic composition analysis showed the presence of galacturonic acid, mannose, xylose, ribose and glucose and a high percentage of sulfated groups in the polymers. To assess their involvement in the therapeutic efficacy of the mud, the M-PS were tested using the model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio). The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were evaluated after confirming the lack of toxic effects during development. Inflammatory state was induced chemically with copper sulfate, or through tail fin amputation procedure and UVB exposure. Recovery from inflammatory condition after exposure to M-PS was always observed with specific morphometric analyses, and further supported by qPCR. Genes linked with the inflammatory and oxidative stress response were investigated confirming the M-PS treatment's efficacy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Copper Sulfate ; Oxidative Stress ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology ; Polysaccharides/therapeutic use ; Zebrafish
Chemical Substances	Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Antioxidants ; Polysaccharides ; Copper Sulfate (LRX7AJ16DT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-25
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	282732-3
ISSN	1879-0003 ; 0141-8130
ISSN (online)	1879-0003
ISSN	0141-8130
DOI	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.123
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Article ; Online: Review: Evolution and diversification of corneous beta-proteins, the characteristic epidermal proteins of reptiles and birds.

Holthaus, Karin Brigit / Eckhart, Leopold / Dalla Valle, Luisa / Alibardi, Lorenzo

Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution

2019 Volume 330, Issue 8, Page(s) 438–453

Abstract: In all amniotes specialized intermediate filament keratins (IF-keratins), in addition to keratin-associated and corneous proteins form the outermost cornified layer of the epidermis. Only in reptiles and birds (sauropsids) the epidermis of scales, claws, ...

Abstract	In all amniotes specialized intermediate filament keratins (IF-keratins), in addition to keratin-associated and corneous proteins form the outermost cornified layer of the epidermis. Only in reptiles and birds (sauropsids) the epidermis of scales, claws, beaks, and feathers, largely comprises small proteins formerly indicated as "beta-keratins" but here identified as corneous beta-proteins (CBPs) to avoid confusion with true keratins. Genes coding for CBPs have evolved within the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC), a locus with no relationship with those of IF-keratins. CBP genes have the same exon-intron structure as EDC genes encoding other corneous proteins of sauropsids and mammals, but they are unique by encoding a peculiar internal amino acid sequence motif beta-sheet region that allows formation of CBP filaments in the epidermis and epidermal appendages of reptiles and birds. In contrast, skin appendages of mammals, like hairs, claws, horns and nails, contain keratin-associated proteins that, like IF-keratin genes, are encoded by genes in loci different from the EDC. Phylogenetic analysis shows that lepidosaurian (lizards and snakes) and nonlepidosaurian (crocodilians, birds, and turtles) CBPs form two separate clades that likely originated after the divergence of these groups of sauropsids in the Permian Period. Clade-specific CBPs evolved to make most of the corneous material of feathers in birds and of the shell in turtles. Based on the recent identification of the complete sets of CBPs in all major phylogenetic clades of sauropsids, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular evolution of CBPs.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/genetics ; Birds/metabolism ; Epidermis/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Reptiles/genetics ; Reptiles/metabolism ; beta-Keratins/genetics ; beta-Keratins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	beta-Keratins
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2103823-5
ISSN	1552-5015 ; 0022-104X ; 1552-5007
ISSN (online)	1552-5015
ISSN	0022-104X ; 1552-5007
DOI	10.1002/jez.b.22840
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Article ; Online: Zebrafish polg2 knock-out recapitulates human POLG-disorders; implications for drug treatment.

Brañas Casas, Raquel / Zuppardo, Alessandro / Risato, Giovanni / Dinarello, Alberto / Celeghin, Rudy / Fontana, Camilla / Grelloni, Eleonora / Gilea, Alexandru Ionut / Viscomi, Carlo / Rasola, Andrea / Dalla Valle, Luisa / Lodi, Tiziana / Baruffini, Enrico / Facchinello, Nicola / Argenton, Francesco / Tiso, Natascia

Cell death & disease

2024 Volume 15, Issue 4, Page(s) 281

Abstract: The human mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma is a holoenzyme, involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and maintenance, composed of a catalytic subunit (POLG) and a dimeric accessory subunit (POLG2) conferring processivity. Mutations in POLG or ... ...

Abstract	The human mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma is a holoenzyme, involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and maintenance, composed of a catalytic subunit (POLG) and a dimeric accessory subunit (POLG2) conferring processivity. Mutations in POLG or POLG2 cause POLG-related diseases in humans, leading to a subset of Mendelian-inherited mitochondrial disorders characterized by mtDNA depletion (MDD) or accumulation of multiple deletions, presenting multi-organ defects and often leading to premature death at a young age. Considering the paucity of POLG2 models, we have generated a stable zebrafish polg2 mutant line (polg2
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics ; Zebrafish/genetics ; DNA Polymerase gamma/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Mitochondria/genetics ; Mitochondria/pathology ; Mutation/genetics ; Mitochondrial Diseases/drug therapy ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics
Chemical Substances	DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7) ; DNA Polymerase gamma (EC 2.7.7.7) ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; POLG protein, human (EC 2.7.7.7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2541626-1
ISSN	2041-4889 ; 2041-4889
ISSN (online)	2041-4889
ISSN	2041-4889
DOI	10.1038/s41419-024-06622-9
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Article ; Online: Glucocorticoid receptor activities in the zebrafish model: a review.

Dinarello, Alberto / Licciardello, Giorgio / Fontana, Camilla Maria / Tiso, Natascia / Argenton, Francesco / Dalla Valle, Luisa

The Journal of endocrinology

2020 Volume 247, Issue 3, Page(s) R63–R82

Abstract: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that contribute to the regulation of many physiological processes, such as inflammation, metabolism and stress response, mainly through binding to their cognate receptor, GR, which works as a ligand-activated ... ...

Abstract	Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that contribute to the regulation of many physiological processes, such as inflammation, metabolism and stress response, mainly through binding to their cognate receptor, GR, which works as a ligand-activated transcription factor. Due to their pleiotropy and the common medical use of these steroids to treat patients affected by different pathologies, the investigation of their mechanisms of action is extremely important in biology and clinical research. The evolutionary conservation of GC physiological function, biosynthesis pathways, as well as the sequence and structure of the GC nuclear receptors has stimulated, in the last 20 years, the use of zebrafish (a teleost of Cyprinidae family) as a reliable model organism to investigate this topic. In this review, we wanted to collect many of the most significant findings obtained by the the scientific community using zebrafish to study GCs and their receptors. The paper begins by describing the experiments with transient knockdown of zebrafish gr to gain insights, mainly during development, and continues with the discoveries provided by the generation of transgenic reporter lines. Finally, we discuss how the generation of mutant lines for either gr or the enzymes involved in GC synthesis has significantly advanced our knowledge on GC biology.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glucocorticoids/metabolism ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Zebrafish ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Glucocorticoids ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; Zebrafish Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	3028-4
ISSN	1479-6805 ; 0022-0795
ISSN (online)	1479-6805
ISSN	0022-0795
DOI	10.1530/JOE-20-0173
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