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Article ; Online: Distance and Regional Effects on the Value of Wild Bee Conservation

Moreaux, Céline / Jacobsen, Jette Bredahl / Meyerhoff, Jürgen / Dalsgaard, Bo / Rahbek, Carsten / Strange, N.

Environ Resource Econ. 2023 Jan., v. 84, no. 1 p.37-63

2023

Abstract: Many wild bee species are threatened across Europe, and with them the pollination function they provide. While numerous studies have assessed the value of bees as pollinators of crops, little is known about the non-marked value of bees. Using a choice ... ...

Abstract	Many wild bee species are threatened across Europe, and with them the pollination function they provide. While numerous studies have assessed the value of bees as pollinators of crops, little is known about the non-marked value of bees. Using a choice modelling experiment, we examine these non-market values in Germany by identifying citizens’ willingness to pay (WTP) for wild bee conservation initiatives in four states. Effects of distance, state and regional affiliation are scrutinised, as previous research found these to affect respondents’ choices. Random parameter logit and latent class models are used to capture preference heterogeneity. Overall, we find strong support of wild bee conservation and a clear preference for improvement relative to the status quo, particularly in natural areas and for rare or endangered species. The yearly WTP for conservation initiatives ranges from 227 to 447€ per household. Our results show distance and regional effects on WTP. Initiatives in respondents’ home states are preferred, and increasing distance to initiatives in other states result in a slightly reduced WTP. Additionally, we observe regional preferences within an eastern and a western home region. These preferences are not explainable by socio-demographic characteristics, home state or distance and probably linked to social and cultural affiliations. We conclude that for widespread support in society and effective conservation initiatives, policy proposals must address this spatial heterogeneity from distance and regional effects.
Keywords	bees ; endangered species ; issues and policy ; pollination ; spatial variation ; willingness to pay ; Germany
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Size	p. 37-63.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1479788-4
ISSN	1573-1502 ; 0924-6460
ISSN (online)	1573-1502
ISSN	0924-6460
DOI	10.1007/s10640-022-00692-z
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The evolution, ecology, and conservation of hummingbirds and their interactions with flowering plants.

Leimberger, Kara G / Dalsgaard, Bo / Tobias, Joseph A / Wolf, Christopher / Betts, Matthew G

Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society

2022 Volume 97, Issue 3, Page(s) 923–959

Abstract: The ecological co-dependency between plants and hummingbirds is a classic example of a mutualistic interaction: hummingbirds rely on floral nectar to fuel their rapid metabolisms, and more than 7000 plant species rely on hummingbirds for pollination. ... ...

Abstract	The ecological co-dependency between plants and hummingbirds is a classic example of a mutualistic interaction: hummingbirds rely on floral nectar to fuel their rapid metabolisms, and more than 7000 plant species rely on hummingbirds for pollination. However, threats to hummingbirds are mounting, with 10% of 366 species considered globally threatened and 60% in decline. Despite the important ecological implications of these population declines, no recent review has examined plant-hummingbird interactions in the wider context of their evolution, ecology, and conservation. To provide this overview, we (i) assess the extent to which plants and hummingbirds have coevolved over millions of years, (ii) examine the mechanisms underlying plant-hummingbird interaction frequencies and hummingbird specialization, (iii) explore the factors driving the decline of hummingbird populations, and (iv) map out directions for future research and conservation. We find that, despite close associations between plants and hummingbirds, acquiring evidence for coevolution (versus one-sided adaptation) is difficult because data on fitness outcomes for both partners are required. Thus, linking plant-hummingbird interactions to plant reproduction is not only a major avenue for future coevolutionary work, but also for studies of interaction networks, which rarely incorporate pollinator effectiveness. Nevertheless, over the past decade, a growing body of literature on plant-hummingbird networks suggests that hummingbirds form relationships with plants primarily based on overlapping phenologies and trait-matching between bill length and flower length. On the other hand, species-level specialization appears to depend primarily on local community context, such as hummingbird abundance and nectar availability. Finally, although hummingbirds are commonly viewed as resilient opportunists that thrive in brushy habitats, we find that range size and forest dependency are key predictors of hummingbird extinction risk. A critical direction for future research is to examine how potential stressors - such as habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, and introduction of non-native plants - may interact to affect hummingbirds and the plants they pollinate.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Birds ; Flowers ; Magnoliopsida ; Plant Nectar ; Plants ; Pollination
Chemical Substances	Plant Nectar
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1423558-4
ISSN	1469-185X ; 0006-3231 ; 1464-7931
ISSN (online)	1469-185X
ISSN	0006-3231 ; 1464-7931
DOI	10.1111/brv.12828
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Article ; Online: Biodiversity cradles and museums segregating within hotspots of endemism.

Sonne, Jesper / Dalsgaard, Bo / Borregaard, Michael K / Kennedy, Jonathan / Fjeldså, Jon / Rahbek, Carsten

Proceedings. Biological sciences

2022 Volume 289, Issue 1981, Page(s) 20221102

Abstract: The immense concentrations of vertebrate species in tropical mountains remain a prominent but unexplained pattern in biogeography. A long-standing hypothesis suggests that montane biodiversity hotspots result from endemic species aggregating within ... ...

Abstract	The immense concentrations of vertebrate species in tropical mountains remain a prominent but unexplained pattern in biogeography. A long-standing hypothesis suggests that montane biodiversity hotspots result from endemic species aggregating within ecologically stable localities. Here, the persistence of ancient lineages coincides with frequent speciation events, making such areas both 'cradles' (where new species arise) and 'museums' (where old species survive). Although this hypothesis refers to processes operating at the scale of valleys, it remains supported primarily by patterns generated from coarse-scale distribution data. Using high-resolution occurrence and phylogenetic data on Andean hummingbirds, we find that old and young endemic species are not spatially aggregated. The young endemic species tend to have non-overlapping distributions scattered along the Andean treeline, a long and narrow habitat where populations easily become fragmented. By contrast, the old endemic species have more aggregated distributions, but mainly within pockets of cloud forests at lower elevations than the young endemic species. These findings contradict the premise that biogeographical cradles and museums should overlap in valley systems where pockets of stable climate persist through periods of climate change. Instead, Andean biodiversity hotspots may derive from large-scale fluctuating climate complexity in conjunction with local-scale variability in available area and habitat connectivity.
MeSH term(s)	Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; Museums ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209242-6
ISSN	1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
ISSN (online)	1471-2954
ISSN	0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
DOI	10.1098/rspb.2022.1102
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Article ; Online: Extinction, coextinction and colonization dynamics in plant-hummingbird networks under climate change.

Sonne, Jesper / Maruyama, Pietro K / Martín González, Ana M / Rahbek, Carsten / Bascompte, Jordi / Dalsgaard, Bo

Nature ecology & evolution

2022 Volume 6, Issue 6, Page(s) 720–729

Abstract: Climate-driven range shifts may cause local extinctions, while the accompanying loss of biotic interactions may trigger secondary coextinctions. At the same time, climate change may facilitate colonizations from regional source pools, balancing out local ...

Abstract	Climate-driven range shifts may cause local extinctions, while the accompanying loss of biotic interactions may trigger secondary coextinctions. At the same time, climate change may facilitate colonizations from regional source pools, balancing out local species loss. At present, how these extinction-coextinction-colonization dynamics affect biological communities under climate change is poorly understood. Using 84 communities of interacting plants and hummingbirds, we simulated patterns in climate-driven extinctions, coextinctions and colonizations under future climate change scenarios. Our simulations showed clear geographic discrepancies in the communities' vulnerability to climate change. Andean communities were the least affected by future climate change, as they experienced few climate-driven extinctions and coextinctions while having the highest colonization potential. In North America and lowland South America, communities had many climate-driven extinctions and few colonization events. Meanwhile, the pattern of coextinction was highly dependent on the configuration of networks formed by interacting hummingbirds and plants. Notably, North American communities experienced proportionally fewer coextinctions than other regions because climate-driven extinctions here primarily affected species with peripheral network roles. Moreover, coextinctions generally decreased in communities where species have few overlapping interactions, that is, communities with more complementary specialized and modular networks. Together, these results highlight that we should not expect colonizations to adequately balance out local extinctions in the most vulnerable ecoregions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Birds ; Climate Change ; Extinction, Biological ; North America ; Plants
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2397-334X
ISSN (online)	2397-334X
DOI	10.1038/s41559-022-01693-3
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Article: The conservation and ecology of the British Virgin Islands endemic tree, Vachellia anegadensis

Bárrios, Sara / Dufke, Maria / Hamilton, Martin / Cowan, Robyn / Woodfield-Pascoe, Nancy / Dalsgaard, Bo / Hawkins, Julie / Clubbe, Colin

Oryx. 2022 Jan., v. 56, no. 1

2022

Abstract: Numerous island species have gone extinct and many extant, but threatened, island endemics require ongoing monitoring of their conservation status. The small tree Vachellia anegadensis was formerly thought to occur only on the limestone island of Anegada ...

Abstract	Numerous island species have gone extinct and many extant, but threatened, island endemics require ongoing monitoring of their conservation status. The small tree Vachellia anegadensis was formerly thought to occur only on the limestone island of Anegada in the British Virgin Islands and was categorized as Critically Endangered. However, in 2008 it was discovered on the volcanic island of Fallen Jerusalem, c. 35 km from Anegada, and in 2018 it was recategorized as Endangered. To inform conservation interventions, we examined the species’ distribution, genetic population structure, dependency on pollinators and preferred habitat, and documented any threats. We found V. anegadensis to be locally widespread on Anegada but uncommon on Fallen Jerusalem and established that geographical location does not predict genetic differentiation amongst populations. Vachellia anegadensis produces the highest number of seed pods when visited by animal pollinators, in particular Lepidoptera. Introduced animals and disturbance by humans appear to be the main threats to V. anegadensis, and in situ conservation is critical for the species’ long-term survival.
Keywords	Lepidoptera ; Oryx ; Vachellia ; conservation status ; genetic variation ; habitats ; indigenous species ; limestone ; population structure ; trees ; volcanic islands
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Size	p. 26-33.
Publishing place	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	417337-5
ISSN	1365-3008 ; 0030-6053
ISSN (online)	1365-3008
ISSN	0030-6053
DOI	10.1017/S0030605320001234
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Double Mutualism Between the Black-crowned Palm-Tanager (Passeriformes, Pheanicophilidae, Phaenicophilus palmarum) and the Beach Creeper (Rubiaceae, Ernodea littoralis) on Hispaniola, Greater Antilles, Caribbean

Møller-Stranges, Fredrik / Hedegaard, Line Maj / Dalsgaard, Bo

Caribbean journal of science. 2021 Apr. 21, v. 51, no. 1

2021

Abstract: Double mutualism describes the situation where two species interact for the benefit of both in more than one type of interaction. For instance, if a given plant species is both pollinated and has its seeds dispersed by the same animal species. Double ... ...

Abstract	Double mutualism describes the situation where two species interact for the benefit of both in more than one type of interaction. For instance, if a given plant species is both pollinated and has its seeds dispersed by the same animal species. Double mutualism is thought to be more present in ecosystems where organisms are generalized, such as on oceanic islands. In the Caribbean islands, double mutualism has only been reported four times, of which only one involves a bird, between the widespread Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) and the plant Cordia bicolor (Boraginaceae) on the continental island of Tobago. Here, for the first time, we report an observation of double mutualistic behaviour of a bird on Caribbean oceanic islands: The Black-crowned Tanager (Phaenicophilus palmarum), a bird endemic to Hispaniola, and the widespread plant Beach Creeper (Ernodea littoralis, Rubiaceae). Whereas hummingbirds and insects were more frequent visitors to the flowers of E. littoralis compared to P. palmarum, only P. palmarum was observed as a seed-disperser of E. littoralis. Based on our observations, we conclude that P. palmarum and E. littoralis show double mutualistic behaviour, though more detailed studies are needed to quantify the importance of this mutualistic behaviour, both from the bird's point of view and from the plant's point of view regarding the effectiveness of P. palmarum as pollinator and seed-disperser, respectively. We believe that double mutualism has been overlooked in the Caribbean, and, thus, we hope our observations will stimulate research into the importance of double mutualism across the Caribbean.
Keywords	Cordia ; Passeriformes ; Rubiaceae ; mutualism ; pollinators ; Caribbean ; Hispaniola ; Trinidad and Tobago
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0421
Size	p. 86-91.
Publishing place	University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2016900-0
ISSN	0008-6452
ISSN	0008-6452
DOI	10.18475/cjos.v51i1.a10
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Article: Landscape-Level Effects of Forest on Pollinators and Fruit Set of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) in Orchards across Southern Thailand

Hansen, Katrine / Sritongchuay, Tuanjit / Bumrungsri, Sara / Simmons, Benno I / Strange, Niels / Dalsgaard, Bo

Diversity. 2020 June 25, v. 12, no. 6

2020

Abstract: Pollination by wild pollinators is a key ecosystem service threatened by anthropogenic-induced land-use change. The proximity to natural habitat has previously been shown to positively affect pollinator communities and improve crop yield and quality but ... ...

Abstract	Pollination by wild pollinators is a key ecosystem service threatened by anthropogenic-induced land-use change. The proximity to natural habitat has previously been shown to positively affect pollinator communities and improve crop yield and quality but empirical evidence is limited from most parts of the World. Here, across six farms in Southern Thailand, we investigated the significance of landscape-level effects of natural habitat (proportion of and distance to evergreen forest) on both visitation rate and richness of pollinators as well as fruit set of guava (Psidium guajava L.), a local economically-important crop in the tropics. Overall, the most abundant pollinator was the Asian honey bee Apis cerana (39% of all visits) and different species of stingless bees (37%). We found that pollinator richness was unrelated to the proportion and distance to evergreen forest, however, the proportion of forest within a 1, 5 and 10 km radius had a significant positive impact on visitation rate of wild pollinators. Still, neither the various forest parameters nor pollinator visitation rate showed a significant impact on fruit set of guava, perhaps because guava self-pollinates. This illustrates that landscape-level degradation of natural habitat may negatively impact pollinator communities without diminishing the crop yield of the farmers.
Keywords	Apis cerana ; Psidium guajava ; crop yield ; ecosystem services ; evergreen forests ; farms ; fruit set ; guavas ; habitats ; land use change ; orchards ; pollination ; pollinators ; stingless bees ; tropics ; Thailand
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0625
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518137-3
ISSN	1424-2818
ISSN	1424-2818
DOI	10.3390/d12060259
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: High levels of phenological asynchrony between specialized pollinators and plants with short flowering phases

Maglianesi, María A / Hanson, Paul / Brenes, Emanuel / Benadi, Gita / Schleuning, Matthias / Dalsgaard, Bo

Ecology. 2020 Nov., v. 101, no. 11

2020

Abstract: Species phenology plays a key role in determining mutualistic interactions, such as those between plants and pollinators. Notably, temporal synchrony shapes the patterns of interactions by influencing the probability of encounters between interacting ... ...

Abstract	Species phenology plays a key role in determining mutualistic interactions, such as those between plants and pollinators. Notably, temporal synchrony shapes the patterns of interactions by influencing the probability of encounters between interacting partners; thus, species phenology greatly contributes to structuring ecological communities. In these communities, specialized species are expected to show a high level of synchrony with their partners; however, the relationship between species phenology and specialization remains largely unexplored. In three localities in the tropical mountains of Costa Rica, we quantified the level of phenological synchrony in plant–pollinator networks and tested whether phenological synchrony is associated with the degree of pollinator specialization on plant partners. We also tested the relationship between pollinator specialization and the length of the flowering phase of the visited plants. Across all three studied networks, our results show a strong asynchrony between interacting plant and pollinator species. We also found that more specialized pollinators were more asynchronous with their plant partners and, moreover, that specialized pollinators preferably visited plant species with shorter flowering phases compared to generalized pollinators. These patterns suggest that specialized pollinators may be more vulnerable to mutualistic disruptions because they depend primarily on short‐lived resources and have a high risk of phenological mismatch. This discovery has important consequences for specialized species’ potential to survive and adapt to changes in the phenology of their interacting partners, which is highly relevant in a time characterized by changing climates and associated shifts in species phenology.
Keywords	phenology ; pollinators ; risk ; Costa Rica
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-11
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1797-8
ISSN	0012-9658
ISSN	0012-9658
DOI	10.1002/ecy.3162
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Article: Landscape-level effects on pollination networks and fruit-set of crops in tropical small-holder agroecosystems

Sritongchuay, Tuanjit / Dalsgaard, Bo / Wayo, Kanuengnit / Zou, Yi / Simla, Pattraporn / Tanalgo, Krizler Cejuela / Orr, Michael C. / Hughes, Alice C.

Agriculture, ecosystems & environment. 2022 July 22,

2022

Abstract: There is a global concern of pollinator declines and linked ecosystem service losses. However, although land-use changes are a primary threat to biodiversity, how land-use change affects pollinator communities, pollination networks and fruit-set of food ... ...

Abstract	There is a global concern of pollinator declines and linked ecosystem service losses. However, although land-use changes are a primary threat to biodiversity, how land-use change affects pollinator communities, pollination networks and fruit-set of food crops is poorly understood. The impact of land-use changes is especially understudied in tropical systems, even though most tropical crops are highly dependent on animal pollination. Using 40 sites to investigate diurnal and nocturnal flower visitors in small-scale agroecosystems across land-use gradients in Thailand and tropical South-western China, we show that habitat structure shapes pollinator communities at local (floral species richness) and landscape level (percentage of tree plantation in a 500m radius and percentage forest in a 5km radius), influencing both the species richness of pollinators and their visitation rates. These, in turn, alter plant-pollinator network structure: community-level specialization increases with floral species richness and percentage of forest cover. However, the specialization decreases with percentage of tree plantation, illustrating that natural habitat better supports specialized species. Furthermore, fruit-sets of several crops were affected by land-use. Notably, fruit-set of mango was positively associated with the percentage of forest cover in the surrounding landscape. These findings reveal how land-use influence pollinator communities and highlight how natural habitats may safeguard ecosystem service.
Keywords	agriculture ; agroecosystems ; animals ; ecosystem services ; environment ; flowers ; forests ; fruit set ; habitats ; land use change ; landscapes ; mangoes ; plantations ; pollination ; pollinators ; species richness ; China ; Thailand
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0722
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	602345-9
ISSN	1873-2305 ; 0167-8809
ISSN (online)	1873-2305
ISSN	0167-8809
DOI	10.1016/j.agee.2022.108112
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Article ; Online: Generalist and topologically central avian frugivores promote plant invasion unequally across land-bridge islands.

Zhu, Chen / Dalsgaard, Bo / Li, Wande / Gonçalves, Fernando / Vollstädt, Maximilian G R / Ren, Peng / Zhang, Xue / Shao, Junjie / Ding, Ping / Si, Xingfeng

Ecology

2023 Volume 105, Issue 2, Page(s) e4216

Abstract: Seed dispersal by frugivorous birds facilitates plant invasions, but it is poorly known how invasive plants integrate into native communities in fragmented landscapes. We surveyed plant-frugivore interactions, including an invasive plant (Phytolacca ... ...

Abstract	Seed dispersal by frugivorous birds facilitates plant invasions, but it is poorly known how invasive plants integrate into native communities in fragmented landscapes. We surveyed plant-frugivore interactions, including an invasive plant (Phytolacca americana), on 22 artificial land-bridge islands (fragmented forests) in the Thousand Island Lake, China. Focusing on frugivory interactions that may lead to seed dispersal, we built ecological networks of studied islands both at the local island (community) and at landscape (metacommunity) levels. On islands with P. americana, we found that P. americana impacted local avian frugivory networks more on islands with species-poor plant communities and on isolated islands. Moreover, as P. americana interacted mainly with local core birds (generalists), this indicates reduced seed dispersal of native plants on invaded islands. At the landscape level, P. americana had established strong interactions with generalist birds that largely maintain seed-dispersal functions across islands, as revealed by their topologically central roles both in the regional plant-bird trophic network and in the spatial metanetwork. This indicates that generalist frugivorous birds may have facilitated the dispersal of P. americana across islands, making P. americana well integrated into the plant-frugivore mutualistic metacommunity. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the impact of plant invasion is context-dependent and that generalist native frugivores with high dispersal potential may accelerate plant invasion in fragmented landscapes. These findings highlight the importance of taking the functional roles of animal mutualists and habitat fragmentation into account when managing plant invasions and their impact on native communities.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Fruit ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; Plants ; Birds ; Seed Dispersal ; Feeding Behavior ; Islands
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2010140-5
ISSN	1939-9170 ; 0012-9658
ISSN (online)	1939-9170
ISSN	0012-9658
DOI	10.1002/ecy.4216
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