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  1. Article: The lysosomal membrane—export of metabolites and beyond

    Rudnik, Sönke / Damme, Markus

    FEBS journal. 2021 July, v. 288, no. 14

    2021  

    Abstract: Lysosomes are degradative organelles in eukaryotic cells mediating the hydrolytic catabolism of various macromolecules to small basic building blocks. These low‐molecular‐weight metabolites are transported across the lysosomal membrane and reused in the ... ...

    Abstract Lysosomes are degradative organelles in eukaryotic cells mediating the hydrolytic catabolism of various macromolecules to small basic building blocks. These low‐molecular‐weight metabolites are transported across the lysosomal membrane and reused in the cytoplasm and other organelles for biosynthetic pathways. Even though in the past 20 years our understanding of the lysosomal membrane regarding various transporters, other integral and peripheral membrane proteins, the lipid composition, but also its turnover has dramatically improved, there are still many unresolved questions concerning key aspects of the function of the lysosomal membrane. These include a possible function of lysosomes as a cellular storage compartment, yet unidentified transporters mediating the export such as various amino acids, mechanisms mediating the transport of lysosomal membrane proteins from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes, and the turnover of lysosomal membrane proteins. Here, we review the current knowledge about the lysosomal membrane and identify some of the open questions that need to be solved in the future for a comprehensive and complete understanding of how lysosomes communicate with other organelles, cellular processes, and pathways.
    Keywords Golgi apparatus ; biosynthesis ; catabolism ; lipid composition ; lysosomes ; metabolites
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-07
    Size p. 4168-4182.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note REVIEW
    ZDB-ID 2173655-8
    ISSN 1742-4658 ; 1742-464X
    ISSN (online) 1742-4658
    ISSN 1742-464X
    DOI 10.1111/febs.15602
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Lysosomal sulfatases: a growing family.

    Lübke, Torben / Damme, Markus

    The Biochemical journal

    2020  Volume 477, Issue 20, Page(s) 3963–3983

    Abstract: Sulfatases constitute a family of enzymes that specifically act in the hydrolytic degradation of sulfated metabolites by removing sulfate monoesters from various substrates, particularly glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans. A common essential feature of ... ...

    Abstract Sulfatases constitute a family of enzymes that specifically act in the hydrolytic degradation of sulfated metabolites by removing sulfate monoesters from various substrates, particularly glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans. A common essential feature of all known eukaryotic sulfatases is the posttranslational modification of a critical cysteine residue in their active site by oxidation to formylglycine (FGly), which is mediated by the FGly-generating enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum and is indispensable for catalytic activity. The majority of the so far described sulfatases localize intracellularly to lysosomes, where they act in different catabolic pathways. Mutations in genes coding for lysosomal sulfatases lead to an accumulation of the sulfated substrates in lysosomes, resulting in impaired cellular function and multisystemic disorders presenting as lysosomal storage diseases, which also cover the mucopolysaccharidoses and metachromatic leukodystrophy. Bioinformatics analysis of the eukaryotic genomes revealed, besides the well described and long known disease-associated sulfatases, additional genes coding for putative enzymes with sulfatases activity, including arylsulfatase G as well as the arylsulfatases H, I, J and K, respectively. In this article, we review current knowledge about lysosomal sulfatases with a special focus on the just recently characterized family members arylsulfatase G and arylsulfatase K.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Glycine/analogs & derivatives ; Glycine/chemistry ; Humans ; Lysosomal Storage Diseases/enzymology ; Lysosomes/enzymology ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Sulfatases/chemistry ; Sulfatases/deficiency ; Sulfatases/genetics ; Sulfatases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances N-formylglycine (11F24CG16M) ; Sulfatases (EC 3.1.6.-) ; Glycine (TE7660XO1C)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2969-5
    ISSN 1470-8728 ; 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
    ISSN (online) 1470-8728
    ISSN 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
    DOI 10.1042/BCJ20200586
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The lysosomal membrane-export of metabolites and beyond.

    Rudnik, Sönke / Damme, Markus

    The FEBS journal

    2020  Volume 288, Issue 14, Page(s) 4168–4182

    Abstract: Lysosomes are degradative organelles in eukaryotic cells mediating the hydrolytic catabolism of various macromolecules to small basic building blocks. These low-molecular-weight metabolites are transported across the lysosomal membrane and reused in the ... ...

    Abstract Lysosomes are degradative organelles in eukaryotic cells mediating the hydrolytic catabolism of various macromolecules to small basic building blocks. These low-molecular-weight metabolites are transported across the lysosomal membrane and reused in the cytoplasm and other organelles for biosynthetic pathways. Even though in the past 20 years our understanding of the lysosomal membrane regarding various transporters, other integral and peripheral membrane proteins, the lipid composition, but also its turnover has dramatically improved, there are still many unresolved questions concerning key aspects of the function of the lysosomal membrane. These include a possible function of lysosomes as a cellular storage compartment, yet unidentified transporters mediating the export such as various amino acids, mechanisms mediating the transport of lysosomal membrane proteins from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes, and the turnover of lysosomal membrane proteins. Here, we review the current knowledge about the lysosomal membrane and identify some of the open questions that need to be solved in the future for a comprehensive and complete understanding of how lysosomes communicate with other organelles, cellular processes, and pathways.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Organelles/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Lysosomal Membrane Proteins ; Membrane Transport Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2173655-8
    ISSN 1742-4658 ; 1742-464X
    ISSN (online) 1742-4658
    ISSN 1742-464X
    DOI 10.1111/febs.15602
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: S-palmitoylation determines TMEM55B-dependent positioning of lysosomes.

    Rudnik, Sönke / Heybrock, Saskia / Saftig, Paul / Damme, Markus

    Journal of cell science

    2021  Volume 135, Issue 5

    Abstract: The spatiotemporal cellular distribution of lysosomes depends on active transport mainly driven by microtubule motors such as kinesins and dynein. Different protein complexes attach these molecular motors to their vesicular cargo. TMEM55B (also known as ... ...

    Abstract The spatiotemporal cellular distribution of lysosomes depends on active transport mainly driven by microtubule motors such as kinesins and dynein. Different protein complexes attach these molecular motors to their vesicular cargo. TMEM55B (also known as PIP4P1), as an integral lysosomal membrane protein, is a component of such a complex that mediates the retrograde transport of lysosomes by establishing interactions with the cytosolic scaffold protein JIP4 (also known as SPAG9) and dynein-dynactin. Here, we show that TMEM55B and its paralog TMEM55A (PIP4P2) are S-palmitoylated proteins that are lipidated at multiple cysteine residues. Mutation of all cysteines in TMEM55B prevents S-palmitoylation and causes retention of the mutated protein in the Golgi. Consequently, non-palmitoylated TMEM55B is no longer able to modulate lysosomal positioning and the perinuclear clustering of lysosomes. Additional mutagenesis of the dileucine-based lysosomal sorting motif in non-palmitoylated TMEM55B leads to partial missorting to the plasma membrane instead of retention in the Golgi, implicating a direct effect of S-palmitoylation on the adaptor protein-dependent sorting of TMEM55B. Our data suggest a critical role for S-palmitoylation in the trafficking of TMEM55B and TMEM55B-dependent lysosomal positioning.
    MeSH term(s) Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Lipoylation ; Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Protein Transport
    Chemical Substances Lysosomal Membrane Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2993-2
    ISSN 1477-9137 ; 0021-9533
    ISSN (online) 1477-9137
    ISSN 0021-9533
    DOI 10.1242/jcs.258566
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Book ; Online ; Thesis: Das FAM20A-Knockout-Mausmodell zeigt keine renalen Funktionseinschränkungen

    Heinekamp, Lara Verfasser] / [Bleich, Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] / Damme, Markus [Gutachter]

    2022  

    Author's details Lara Heinekamp ; Gutachter: Markus Damme ; Betreuer: Markus Bleich
    Keywords Medizin, Gesundheit ; Medicine, Health
    Subject code sg610
    Language German
    Publisher Universitätsbibliothek Kiel
    Publishing place Kiel
    Document type Book ; Online ; Thesis
    Database Digital theses on the web

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  6. Article ; Online: Quantification and characterization of the 5' exonuclease activity of the lysosomal nuclease PLD3 by a novel cell-based assay.

    Cappel, Cedric / Gonzalez, Adriana Carolina / Damme, Markus

    The Journal of biological chemistry

    2020  Volume 296, Page(s) 100152

    Abstract: Phospholipase D3 (PLD3) and phospholipase D4 (PLD4), the most recently described lysosomal nucleases, are associated with Alzheimer's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, and systemic lupus erythematosus. They exhibit 5' exonuclease activity on single- ... ...

    Abstract Phospholipase D3 (PLD3) and phospholipase D4 (PLD4), the most recently described lysosomal nucleases, are associated with Alzheimer's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, and systemic lupus erythematosus. They exhibit 5' exonuclease activity on single-stranded DNA, hydrolyzing it at the acidic pH associated with the lysosome. However, their full cellular function is inadequately understood. To examine these enzymes, we developed a robust and automatable cell-based assay based on fluorophore- and fluorescence-quencher-coupled oligonucleotides for the quantitative determination of acidic 5' exonuclease activity. We validated the assay under knockout and PLD-overexpression conditions and then applied it to characterize PLD3 and PLD4 biochemically. Our experiments revealed PLD3 as the principal acid 5' exonuclease in HeLa cells, where it showed a markedly higher specific activity compared with PLD4. We further used our newly developed assay to determine the substrate specificity and inhibitory profile of PLD3 and found that proteolytic processing of PLD3 is dispensable for its hydrolytic activity. We followed the expression, proteolytic processing, and intracellular distribution of genetic PLD3 variants previously associated with Alzheimer's disease and investigated each variant's effect on the 5' nuclease activity of PLD3, finding that some variants lead to reduced activity, but others not. The development of a PLD3/4-specific biochemical assay will be instrumental in understanding better both nucleases and their incompletely understood roles in vitro and in vivo.
    MeSH term(s) Biological Assay/methods ; Exonucleases/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation ; Phospholipase D/genetics ; Phospholipase D/metabolism ; Proteolysis
    Chemical Substances Exonucleases (EC 3.1.-) ; PLD3 protein, human (EC 3.1.4.4) ; Phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2997-x
    ISSN 1083-351X ; 0021-9258
    ISSN (online) 1083-351X
    ISSN 0021-9258
    DOI 10.1074/jbc.RA120.015867
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Aged Tmem106b knockout mice display gait deficits in coincidence with Purkinje cell loss and only limited signs of non-motor dysfunction.

    Stroobants, Stijn / D'Hooge, Rudi / Damme, Markus

    Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)

    2020  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 223–238

    Abstract: Genetic variants in TMEM106B are a major risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases including frontotemporal degeneration, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, Parkinson's disease, late-onset-Alzheimer's disease and constitute a ... ...

    Abstract Genetic variants in TMEM106B are a major risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases including frontotemporal degeneration, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, Parkinson's disease, late-onset-Alzheimer's disease and constitute a genetic determinant of differential aging. TMEM106B encodes an integral lysosomal membrane protein but its precise physiological function in the central nervous system remains enigmatic. Presently, we aimed to increase understanding of TMEM106B contribution to general brain function and aging. We analyzed an aged cohort of Tmem106b knockout-, heterozygote and wild-type mice in a behavioral test battery including assessments of motor function as well as, social, emotional and cognitive function. Aged Tmem106b knockout (KO) mice displayed diverse behavioral deficits including motor impairment, gait defects and reduced startle reactivity. In contrast, no prominent deficits were observed in social, emotional or cognitive behaviors. Histologically, we observed late-onset loss of Purkinje cells followed by reactive gliosis in the cerebellum, which likely contributed to progressive decline in motor function and gait defects in particular. Reactive gliosis was not restricted to the cerebellum but observed in different areas of the brain including the brain stem and parts of the cerebral cortex. Surviving Purkinje cells showed vacuolated lysosomes in the axon initial segment, implicating TMEM106B-dependent lysosomal trafficking defects as the underlying cause of axonal and more general neuronal dysfunction contributing to behavioral impairments. Our experiments help to elucidate how TMEM106B affects spatial neuronal homeostasis and exemplifies a critical role of TMEM106B in neuronal cells for survival.
    MeSH term(s) Aging/pathology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Female ; Lameness, Animal/genetics ; Lameness, Animal/pathology ; Membrane Proteins/deficiency ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/genetics ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology ; Purkinje Cells/pathology
    Chemical Substances Membrane Proteins ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Tmem106b protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1051484-3
    ISSN 1750-3639 ; 1015-6305
    ISSN (online) 1750-3639
    ISSN 1015-6305
    DOI 10.1111/bpa.12903
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Multi-Cell Line Analysis of Lysosomal Proteomes Reveals Unique Features and Novel Lysosomal Proteins.

    Akter, Fatema / Bonini, Sara / Ponnaiyan, Srigayatri / Kögler-Mohrbacher, Bianca / Bleibaum, Florian / Damme, Markus / Renard, Bernhard Y / Winter, Dominic

    Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP

    2023  Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 100509

    Abstract: Lysosomes, the main degradative organelles of mammalian cells, play a key role in the regulation of metabolism. It is becoming more and more apparent that they are highly active, diverse, and involved in a large variety of processes. The essential role ... ...

    Abstract Lysosomes, the main degradative organelles of mammalian cells, play a key role in the regulation of metabolism. It is becoming more and more apparent that they are highly active, diverse, and involved in a large variety of processes. The essential role of lysosomes is exemplified by the detrimental consequences of their malfunction, which can result in lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Using lysosome enrichment and mass spectrometry, we investigated the lysosomal proteomes of HEK293, HeLa, HuH-7, SH-SY5Y, MEF, and NIH3T3 cells. We provide evidence on a large scale for cell type-specific differences of lysosomes, showing that levels of distinct lysosomal proteins are highly variable within one cell type, while expression of others is highly conserved across several cell lines. Using differentially stable isotope-labeled cells and bimodal distribution analysis, we furthermore identify a high confidence population of lysosomal proteins for each cell line. Multi-cell line correlation of these data reveals potential novel lysosomal proteins, and we confirm lysosomal localization for six candidates. All data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD020600.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Humans ; Proteome/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Neuroblastoma/metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Mammals/metabolism
    Chemical Substances lysosomal proteins ; Proteome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2075924-1
    ISSN 1535-9484 ; 1535-9476
    ISSN (online) 1535-9484
    ISSN 1535-9476
    DOI 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100509
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Lack of a protective effect of the Tmem106b "protective SNP" in the Grn knockout mouse model for frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

    Cabron, Anne-Sophie / Borgmeyer, Uwe / Richter, Julia / Peisker, Helga / Gutbrod, Katharina / Dörmann, Peter / Capell, Anja / Damme, Markus

    Acta neuropathologica communications

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 21

    Abstract: Genetic variants in TMEM106B are a common risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration and the most important modifier of disease risk in patients with progranulin (GRN) mutations (FTLD-GRN). TMEM106B is encoding a lysosomal transmembrane protein of ...

    Abstract Genetic variants in TMEM106B are a common risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration and the most important modifier of disease risk in patients with progranulin (GRN) mutations (FTLD-GRN). TMEM106B is encoding a lysosomal transmembrane protein of unknown molecular function. How it mediates its disease-modifying function remains enigmatic. Several TMEM106B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are significantly associated with disease risk in FTLD-GRN carriers, of which all except one are within intronic sequences of TMEM106B. Of note, the non-coding SNPs are in high linkage disequilibrium with the coding SNP rs3173615 located in exon six of TMEM106B, resulting in a threonine to serine change at amino acid 185 in the minor allele, which is protective in FTLD-GRN carriers. To investigate the functional consequences of this variant in vivo, we generated and characterized a knockin mouse model harboring the Tmem106b
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Amino Acids ; Frontotemporal Dementia/genetics ; Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration/pathology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
    Chemical Substances Amino Acids ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Membrane Proteins ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Tmem106b protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2715589-4
    ISSN 2051-5960 ; 2051-5960
    ISSN (online) 2051-5960
    ISSN 2051-5960
    DOI 10.1186/s40478-023-01510-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Structural analysis of PLD3 reveals insights into the mechanism of lysosomal 5' exonuclease-mediated nucleic acid degradation.

    Roske, Yvette / Cappel, Cedric / Cremer, Nils / Hoffmann, Patrick / Koudelka, Tomas / Tholey, Andreas / Heinemann, Udo / Daumke, Oliver / Damme, Markus

    Nucleic acids research

    2023  Volume 52, Issue 1, Page(s) 370–384

    Abstract: The phospholipase D (PLD) family is comprised of enzymes bearing phospholipase activity towards lipids or endo- and exonuclease activity towards nucleic acids. PLD3 is synthesized as a type II transmembrane protein and proteolytically cleaved in ... ...

    Abstract The phospholipase D (PLD) family is comprised of enzymes bearing phospholipase activity towards lipids or endo- and exonuclease activity towards nucleic acids. PLD3 is synthesized as a type II transmembrane protein and proteolytically cleaved in lysosomes, yielding a soluble active form. The deficiency of PLD3 leads to the slowed degradation of nucleic acids in lysosomes and chronic activation of nucleic acid-specific intracellular toll-like receptors. While the mechanism of PLD phospholipase activity has been extensively characterized, not much is known about how PLDs bind and hydrolyze nucleic acids. Here, we determined the high-resolution crystal structure of the luminal N-glycosylated domain of human PLD3 in its apo- and single-stranded DNA-bound forms. PLD3 has a typical phospholipase fold and forms homodimers with two independent catalytic centers via a newly identified dimerization interface. The structure of PLD3 in complex with an ssDNA-derived thymidine product in the catalytic center provides insights into the substrate binding mode of nucleic acids in the PLD family. Our structural data suggest a mechanism for substrate binding and nuclease activity in the PLD family and provide the structural basis to design immunomodulatory drugs targeting PLD3.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Phospholipase D/chemistry ; Phospholipases ; Exodeoxyribonucleases/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.4) ; Phospholipases (EC 3.1.-) ; PLD3 protein, human (EC 3.1.4.4) ; Exodeoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 186809-3
    ISSN 1362-4962 ; 1362-4954 ; 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
    ISSN (online) 1362-4962 ; 1362-4954
    ISSN 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
    DOI 10.1093/nar/gkad1114
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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