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  1. Article ; Online: On-site evaluation of the effects of carbonaceous amendments on the bioavailability of aged organochlorine pesticide residues in soil

    Marya O. Anderson / Zijiang Yang / Cathleen J. Hapeman / Laura L. McConnell / Carrie Green / Dana Jackson / Michael N. Evans / Alba Torrents

    Environmental Advances, Vol 6, Iss , Pp 100126- (2021)

    2021  

    Abstract: Reducing the bioavailability of persistent organic contaminants in soil by incorporating carbonaceous material (CM) has been investigated and confirmed by numerous laboratory studies. However, the efficacy of these methods under more complex field ... ...

    Abstract Reducing the bioavailability of persistent organic contaminants in soil by incorporating carbonaceous material (CM) has been investigated and confirmed by numerous laboratory studies. However, the efficacy of these methods under more complex field conditions needs exploration. We conducted an 18-month, small-scale plot study (n = 7) to evaluate the ability of two CMs, a compost aged for four months and a compost aged for two years, to reduce the bioavailability of the highly aged organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), its metabolites (together as DDx), and dieldrin in soil. The study was carried out in a former orchard where OCPs were routinely applied until they were banned in the early 1970s. Soil and earthworms were collected, contaminant concentrations were measured, and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) of the OCPs were calculated for the 28 subplots at multiple timepoints. A decrease in the uptake and bioaccumulation of the OCPs was observed with increasing soil concentration, i.e., the relationship between soil and worm concentrations was non-linear. In addition, substantial spatial variability in soil and earthworm concentrations were observed, which resulted in variable BAFs across the site. The soil treated with CMs, 14 subplots in total, showed varying effects on bioaccumulation: for DDx 8 showed a reduction, 4 showed no difference, and 2 showed an increase; and for dieldrin 6 showed a reduction, 5 showed no difference, and 3 showed an increase. Although this study showed some evidence that CM amendments may reduce bioaccumulation over time, the results were not statistically significant due to the spatial and temporal variability. This work illustrates the challenges of extrapolating laboratory results to onsite determinations and suggests that more robust methods are needed in calculating ecological risk assessments for indigenous animals, particularly for legacy sites with substantial spatial variability.
    Keywords Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) ; Bioavailability ; Earthworms ; Risk assessment ; DDT ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Achieving pulpal anesthesia with a topical anesthetic paste

    Bradley Carn / Cyril Pandarakalam / Dana Jackson / Christa Hopp / Kevin Rowland

    Journal of Orofacial Sciences, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 125-

    2015  Volume 128

    Abstract: Aim: The efficacy of a topically applied formulation of tetracaine base (6%) was investigated against benzocaine in achieving pulpal anesthesia in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Materials and Methods: Subjects′ baseline pulpal ... ...

    Abstract Aim: The efficacy of a topically applied formulation of tetracaine base (6%) was investigated against benzocaine in achieving pulpal anesthesia in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Materials and Methods: Subjects′ baseline pulpal responses to an electric pulp tester were measured, followed by a 10 min application of either tetracaine anesthetic paste (TAP), benzocaine (20%), or placebo. Treatments were removed and pulp testing was performed at 10 min, 15 min, and 20 min postapplication. Results: TAP produced significant pulpal anesthesia at 184% ± 7.2% above baseline versus 14% ± 1.7% above baseline for benzocaine at 15 min (P < 0.03). Differences between treatments were tested with the Wilcoxon test and the Steel-Dwass test, which is the nonparametric version of the all-pairs Tukey′s honestly significant difference test. Conclusion: Achieving profound anesthesia with a topical anesthetic paste could lead to injection less procedure, improved postsurgical incisional pain management, and ameliorate pain associated with a variety of lesions.
    Keywords Anesthetic ; orofacial pain ; pulp ; topical ; Medicine ; R ; Dentistry ; RK1-715
    Publishing date 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: High‐throughput, microscope‐based sorting to dissect cellular heterogeneity

    Nicholas Hasle / Anthony Cooke / Sanjay Srivatsan / Heather Huang / Jason J Stephany / Zachary Krieger / Dana Jackson / Weiliang Tang / Sriram Pendyala / Raymond J Monnat Jr. / Cole Trapnell / Emily M Hatch / Douglas M Fowler

    Molecular Systems Biology, Vol 16, Iss 6, Pp n/a-n/a (2020)

    2020  

    Abstract: Abstract Microscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing complex cellular phenotypes, but linking these phenotypes to genotype or RNA expression at scale remains challenging. Here, we present Visual Cell Sorting, a method that physically separates ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Microscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing complex cellular phenotypes, but linking these phenotypes to genotype or RNA expression at scale remains challenging. Here, we present Visual Cell Sorting, a method that physically separates hundreds of thousands of live cells based on their visual phenotype. Automated imaging and phenotypic analysis directs selective illumination of Dendra2, a photoconvertible fluorescent protein expressed in live cells; these photoactivated cells are then isolated using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. First, we use Visual Cell Sorting to assess hundreds of nuclear localization sequence variants in a pooled format, identifying variants that improve nuclear localization and enabling annotation of nuclear localization sequences in thousands of human proteins. Second, we recover cells that retain normal nuclear morphologies after paclitaxel treatment, and then derive their single‐cell transcriptomes to identify pathways associated with paclitaxel resistance in cancers. Unlike alternative methods, Visual Cell Sorting depends on inexpensive reagents and commercially available hardware. As such, it can be readily deployed to uncover the relationships between visual cellular phenotypes and internal states, including genotypes and gene expression programs.
    Keywords genetic screening ; microscopy ; pharmacology ; subcellular localization ; transcriptomics ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 612
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Using a high-organic matter biowall to treat a trichloroethylene plume at the Beaver Dam Road landfill

    Niño de Guzmán, GabrielaT / Cathleen J. Hapeman / Patricia D. Millner / Laura L. McConnell / Dana Jackson / David Kindig / Alba Torrents

    Environmental science and pollution research international. 2018 Mar., v. 25, no. 9

    2018  

    Abstract: Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a highly effective industrial degreasing agent and known carcinogen. It was frequently buried improperly in landfills and has subsequently become one of the most common groundwater and soil contaminants in the USA. A common ... ...

    Abstract Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a highly effective industrial degreasing agent and known carcinogen. It was frequently buried improperly in landfills and has subsequently become one of the most common groundwater and soil contaminants in the USA. A common strategy to remediate TCE-contaminated sites and to prevent movement of the TCE plumes into waterways is to construct biowalls which consist of biomaterials and amendments to enhance biodegradation. This approach was chosen to contain a TCE plume emanating from a closed landfill in Maryland. However, predicting the effectiveness of biowalls is often site specific. Therefore, we conducted an extensive series of batch reactor studies at 12 °C as opposed to the typical room temperature to examine biowall fill-material combinations including the effects of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and glycerol amendments. No detectable TCE was observed after several months in the laboratory study when using the unamended 4:3 mulch-to-compost combination. In the constructed biowall, this mixture reduced the upstream TCE concentration by approximately 90% and generated ethylene downstream, an indication of successful reductive dechlorination. However, the more toxic degradation product vinyl chloride (VC) was also detected downstream at levels approximately ten times greater than the maximum contaminant level. This indicates that incomplete degradation also occurred. In the laboratory, ZVI reduced VC formation. A hazard quotient was calculated for the landfill site with and without the biowall. The addition of the biowall decreased the hazard quotient by 88%.
    Keywords ambient temperature ; biocompatible materials ; biodegradation ; carcinogens ; dechlorination ; ethylene ; glycerol ; groundwater ; iron ; landfills ; maximum contaminant level ; organochlorine compounds ; prediction ; toxicity ; trichloroethylene ; vinyl chloride ; waterways ; Maryland
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-03
    Size p. 8735-8746.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1178791-0
    ISSN 1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
    ISSN (online) 1614-7499
    ISSN 0944-1344
    DOI 10.1007/s11356-017-1137-1
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Presence of organohalide-respiring bacteria in and around a permeable reactive barrier at a trichloroethylene-contaminated Superfund site

    Niño de Guzmán, Gabriela T / Alba Torrents / Birthe V. Kjellerup / Cathleen J. Hapeman / Dana Jackson / Patricia D. Millner

    Environmental pollution. 2018 Dec., v. 243

    2018  

    Abstract: Trichloroethylene (TCE) is one of the most common groundwater contaminants in the United States; however clean-up efforts are a challenge due to its physical and chemical properties. TCE and several of its degradation products were detected in the ... ...

    Abstract Trichloroethylene (TCE) is one of the most common groundwater contaminants in the United States; however clean-up efforts are a challenge due to its physical and chemical properties. TCE and several of its degradation products were detected in the groundwater of the Beaver Dam Road Landfill site (Beltsville, MD) at concentrations above accepted maximum contaminant levels. A permeable reactive barrier (i.e., biowall) was installed to remediate the groundwater. Microbial infiltration and colonization of the biowall with native site bacteria was expected to occur. An array of molecular biological tools was applied to survey the microbial community for presence of organohalide-respiring microorganisms at the site. Microorganisms belonging to methanogens, acetogens, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing bacteria were identified, thus making way for the application of the microbial populations in the biowall bioaugmentation efforts. In concomitant laboratory studies, molecular approaches were used to monitor continuously-fed column reactors containing saturated biowall material spiked with a commercially-available, Dehalococcoides-containing culture (SDC-9), with or without zero-valent iron (ZVI) shavings. The column without ZVI had the highest abundance of Dehalococcoides spp. (2.7 × 106 cells g−1 material, S.D. = 3.8 × 105 cells g−1 material), while the addition of ZVI did not affect the overall population. Although the addition of ZVI and biostimulation did change ratios of the Dehalococcoides strains, the results suggests that if ZVI would be applied as a biowall material amendment, biostimulation would not be required to maintain a Dehalococcoides population. These experimental results will be utilized in future remediation and/or biowall expansion plans to utilize the natural resources most effectively at the biowall site.
    Keywords bioaugmentation ; Dehalococcoides ; groundwater ; iron ; landfills ; maximum contaminant level ; methanogens ; microbial communities ; physicochemical properties ; sulfate-reducing bacteria ; surveys ; trichloroethylene ; Maryland
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-12
    Size p. 766-776.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.095
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  6. Article: Organic amendments for risk mitigation of organochlorine pesticide residues in old orchard soils

    Centofanti, Tiziana / Alba Torrents / Anh Nguyen / Cathleen J. Hapeman / Dana Jackson / Jeffrey M. Novak / Laura L. McConnell / Marya O. Anderson / Natasha A. Andrade / Rufus L. Chaney / W. Nelson Beyer

    Environmental pollution. 2016 Mar., v. 210

    2016  

    Abstract: Performance of compost and biochar amendments for in situ risk mitigation of aged DDT, DDE and dieldrin residues in an old orchard soil was examined. The change in bioavailability of pesticide residues to Lumbricus terrestris L. relative to the unamended ...

    Abstract Performance of compost and biochar amendments for in situ risk mitigation of aged DDT, DDE and dieldrin residues in an old orchard soil was examined. The change in bioavailability of pesticide residues to Lumbricus terrestris L. relative to the unamended control soil was assessed using 4-L soil microcosms with and without plant cover in a 48-day experiment. The use of aged dairy manure compost and biosolids compost was found to be effective, especially in the planted treatments, at lowering the bioavailability factor (BAF) by 18–39%; however, BAF results for DDT in the unplanted soil treatments were unaffected or increased. The pine chip biochar utilized in this experiment was ineffective at lower the BAF of pesticides in the soil. The US EPA Soil Screening Level approach was used with our measured values. Addition of 10% of the aged dairy manure compost reduced the average hazard quotient values to below 1.0 for DDT + DDE and dieldrin. Results indicate this sustainable approach is appropriate to minimize risks to wildlife in areas of marginal organochlorine pesticide contamination. Application of this remediation approach has potential for use internationally in areas where historical pesticide contamination of soils remains a threat to wildlife populations.
    Keywords bioavailability ; biochar ; composts ; dairy manure ; DDE (pesticide) ; DDT (pesticide) ; dieldrin ; insecticide residues ; Lumbricus terrestris ; orchard soils ; remediation ; risk ; risk reduction ; screening ; soil amendments ; soil ecology ; wildlife ; wood chips
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-03
    Size p. 182-191.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 280652-6
    ISSN 1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    ISSN (online) 1873-6424
    ISSN 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
    DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.039
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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