LIVIVO - The Search Portal for Life Sciences

zur deutschen Oberfläche wechseln
Advanced search

Search results

Result 1 - 6 of total 6

Search options

  1. Article ; Online: Peritoneal Immunity in Liver Disease

    Joseph Delo / Daniel Forton / Evangelos Triantafyllou / Arjuna Singanayagam

    Livers, Vol 3, Iss 16, Pp 240-

    2023  Volume 257

    Abstract: The peritoneum represents a confined microenvironment that has an emerging role as a distinct immunological compartment. In health, this niche is mainly populated by a heterogenous group of macrophages and T lymphocytes but also Natural Killer cells and ... ...

    Abstract The peritoneum represents a confined microenvironment that has an emerging role as a distinct immunological compartment. In health, this niche is mainly populated by a heterogenous group of macrophages and T lymphocytes but also Natural Killer cells and B lymphocytes. Together they are crucial for immunological surveillance, clearance of infection and resolution of inflammation. Development of ascites is a defining feature of decompensated liver cirrhosis, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is the most frequent bacterial infection occurring in this patient group. Recent studies of ascitic fluid have revealed quantitative, phenotypic and functional differences in both innate and adaptive immune cells compared to the healthy state. This review summarises current knowledge of these alterations and explores how the peritoneum in chronic liver disease is simultaneously an immunologically compromised site and yet capable of provoking an intense inflammatory response. A better understanding of this might enable identification of new therapeutic targets aimed to rebalance the peritoneal immunity and reduce the reliance on antimicrobials in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance.
    Keywords peritoneum ; ascites ; cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) ; spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  2. Article ; Online: Hepatitis C virus infection, and neurological and psychiatric disorders – A review

    Lydia Yarlott / Eleanor Heald / Daniel Forton

    Journal of Advanced Research, Vol 8, Iss 2, Pp 139-

    2017  Volume 148

    Abstract: An association between hepatitis C virus infection and neuropsychiatric symptoms has been proposed for some years. A variety of studies have been undertaken to assess the nature and severity of these symptoms, which range from fatigue and depression to ... ...

    Abstract An association between hepatitis C virus infection and neuropsychiatric symptoms has been proposed for some years. A variety of studies have been undertaken to assess the nature and severity of these symptoms, which range from fatigue and depression to defects in attention and verbal reasoning. There is evidence of mild neurocognitive impairment in some patients with HCV infection, which is not fully attributable to liver dysfunction or psychosocial factors. Further evidence of a biological cerebral effect has arisen from studies using magnetic resonance spectroscopy; metabolic abnormalities correlate with cognitive dysfunction and resemble the patterns of neuroinflammation that have been described in HIV infection. Recent research has suggested that, in common with HIV infection, HCV may cross the blood brain barrier leading to neuroinflammation. Brain microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglia may be minor replication sites for HCV. Importantly, patient reported outcomes improve following successful antiviral therapy. Further research is required to elucidate the molecular basis for HCV entry and replication in the brain, and to clarify implications and recommendations for treatment.
    Keywords Hepatitis C ; Brain ; Cognitive ; Cytokine ; Quasispecies ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  3. Article ; Online: KIR-HLA interactions extend human CD8+ T cell lifespan in vivo

    Yan Zhang / Ada W.C. Yan / Lies Boelen / Linda Hadcocks / Arafa Salam / Daniel Padrosa Gispert / Loiza Spanos / Laura Mora Bitria / Neda Nemat-Gorgani / James A. Traherne / Chrissy Roberts / Danai Koftori / Graham P. Taylor / Daniel Forton / Paul J. Norman / Steven G.E. Marsh / Robert Busch / Derek C. Macallan / Becca Asquith

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol 133, Iss

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence, in transgenic mice and in vitro, that inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (iKIRs) can modulate T cell responses. Furthermore, we have previously shown that iKIRs are an important determinant of T ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence, in transgenic mice and in vitro, that inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (iKIRs) can modulate T cell responses. Furthermore, we have previously shown that iKIRs are an important determinant of T cell–mediated control of chronic viral infection and that these results are consistent with an increase in the CD8+ T cell lifespan due to iKIR-ligand interactions. Here, we tested this prediction and investigated whether iKIRs affect T cell lifespan in humans in vivo.METHODS We used stable isotope labeling with deuterated water to quantify memory CD8+ T cell survival in healthy individuals and patients with chronic viral infections.RESULTS We showed that an individual’s iKIR-ligand genotype was a significant determinant of CD8+ T cell lifespan: in individuals with 2 iKIR-ligand gene pairs, memory CD8+ T cells survived, on average, for 125 days; in individuals with 4 iKIR-ligand gene pairs, the memory CD8+ T cell lifespan doubled to 250 days. Additionally, we showed that this survival advantage was independent of iKIR expression by the T cell of interest and, further, that the iKIR-ligand genotype altered the CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immune aging phenotype.CONCLUSIONS Together, these data reveal an unexpectedly large effect of iKIR genotype on T cell survival.FUNDING Wellcome Trust; Medical Research Council; EU Horizon 2020; EU FP7; Leukemia and Lymphoma Research; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre; Imperial College Research Fellowship; National Institutes of Health; Jefferiss Trust.
    Keywords Immunology ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Society for Clinical Investigation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  4. Article ; Online: Strategic treatment optimization for HCV (STOPHCV1)

    Graham S. Cooke / Sarah Pett / Leanne McCabe / Chris Jones / Richard Gilson / Sumita Verma / Stephen D. Ryder / Jane D. Collier / Stephen T. Barclay / Aftab Ala / Sanjay Bhagani / Mark Nelson / Chinlye Ch'Ng / Ben Stone / Martin Wiselka / Daniel Forton / Stuart McPherson / Rachel Halford / Dung Nguyen /
    David Smith / Azim Ansari / Emily Dennis / Fleur Hudson / Eleanor J. Barnes / Ann Sarah Walker

    Wellcome Open Research, Vol

    a randomised controlled trial of ultrashort duration therapy for chronic hepatitis C [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

    2021  Volume 6

    Abstract: Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the need for a better understanding of which patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be cured with ultrashort course HCV therapy. Methods: A total of 202 individuals with chronic HCV were ... ...

    Abstract Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the need for a better understanding of which patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be cured with ultrashort course HCV therapy. Methods: A total of 202 individuals with chronic HCV were randomised to fixed-duration shortened therapy (8 weeks) vs variable-duration ultrashort strategies (VUS1/2). Participants not cured following first-line treatment were retreated with 12 weeks’ sofosbuvir/ledipasvir/ribavirin. The primary outcome was sustained virological response 12 weeks (SVR12) after first-line treatment and retreatment. Participants were factorially randomised to receive ribavirin with first-line treatment. Results: All evaluable participants achieved SVR12 overall (197/197, 100% [95% CI 98-100]) demonstrating non-inferiority between fixed-duration and variable-duration strategies (difference 0% [95% CI -3.8%, +3.7%], 4% pre-specified non-inferiority margin). First-line SVR12 was 91% [86%-97%] (92/101) for fixed-duration vs 48% [39%-57%] (47/98) for variable-duration, but was significantly higher for VUS2 (72% [56%-87%] (23/32)) than VUS1 (36% [25%-48%] (24/66)). Overall, first-line SVR12 was 72% [65%-78%] (70/101) without ribavirin and 68% [61%-76%] (69/98) with ribavirin (p=0.48). At treatment failure, the emergence of viral resistance was lower with ribavirin (12% [2%-30%] (3/26)) than without (38% [21%-58%] (11/29), p=0.01). Conclusions: Unsuccessful first-line short-course therapy did not compromise retreatment with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir/ribavirin (100% SVR12). SVR12 rates were significantly increased when ultrashort treatment varied between 4-7 weeks rather than 4-6 weeks. Ribavirin significantly reduced resistance emergence in those failing first-line therapy. ISRCTN Registration: 37915093 (11/04/2016).
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wellcome
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  5. Article ; Online: Variable short duration treatment versus standard treatment, with and without adjunctive ribavirin, for chronic hepatitis C

    Graham S Cooke / Sarah Pett / Leanne McCabe / Christopher Jones / Richard Gilson / Sumita Verma / Stephen D Ryder / Jane D Collier / Stephen T Barclay / Aftab Ala / Sanjay Bhagani / Mark Nelson / Chin Lye Ch’Ng / Benjamin Stone / Martin Wiselka / Daniel Forton / Stuart McPherson / Rachel Halford / Dung Nguyen /
    David Smith / M Azim Ansari / Helen Ainscough / Emily Dennis / Fleur Hudson / Eleanor J Barnes / Ann Sarah Walker / the STOP-HCV trial team

    Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation, Vol 8, Iss

    the STOP-HCV-1 non-inferiority, factorial RCT

    2021  Volume 17

    Abstract: Background: High cure rates with licensed durations of therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus suggest that many patients are overtreated. New strategies in individuals who find it challenging to adhere to standard treatment courses could significantly ... ...

    Abstract Background: High cure rates with licensed durations of therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus suggest that many patients are overtreated. New strategies in individuals who find it challenging to adhere to standard treatment courses could significantly contribute to the elimination agenda. Objectives: To compare cure rates using variable ultrashort first-line treatment stratified by baseline viral load followed by retreatment, with a fixed 8-week first-line treatment with retreatment with or without adjunctive ribavirin. Design: An open-label, multicentre, factorial randomised controlled trial. Randomisation: Randomisation was computer generated, with patients allocated in a 1 : 1 ratio using a factorial design to each of biomarker-stratified variable ultrashort strategy or fixed duration and adjunctive ribavirin (or not), using a minimisation algorithm with a probabilistic element. Setting: NHS. Participants: A total of 202 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) infected with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1a/1b or 4 for ≥ 6 months, with a detectable plasma hepatitis C viral load and no significant fibrosis [FibroScan® (Echosens, Paris, France) score F0–F1 or biopsy-proven minimal fibrosis], a hepatitis C virus viral load < 10,000,000 IU/ml, no previous exposure to direct-acting antiviral therapy for this infection and not pregnant. Patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus were eligible if human immunodeficiency virus viral load had been < 50 copies/ml for > 24 weeks on anti-human immunodeficiency virus drugs. Interventions: Fixed-duration 8-week first-line therapy compared with variable ultrashort first-line therapy, initially for 4–6 weeks (continuous scale) stratified by screening viral load (variable ultrashort strategy 1, mean 32 days of treatment) and then, subsequently, for 4–7 weeks (variable ultrashort strategy 2 mean 39 days of duration), predominantly with ombitasvir, paritaprevir, ritonavir (Viekirax®; AbbVie, Chicago, IL, USA), and dasabuvir (Exviera®; AbbVie, Chicago, IL, USA) or ...
    Keywords hepatitis c ; precision medicine ; direct-acting antivirals ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616 ; 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher NIHR Journals Library
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

  6. Article ; Online: IgG Seroconversion and Pathophysiology in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

    Henry M. Staines / Daniela E. Kirwan / David J. Clark / Emily R. Adams / Yolanda Augustin / Rachel L. Byrne / Michael Cocozza / Ana I. Cubas-Atienzar / Luis E. Cuevas / Martina Cusinato / Benedict M.O. Davies / Mark Davis / Paul Davis / Annelyse Duvoix / Nicholas M. Eckersley / Daniel Forton / Alice J. Fraser / Gala Garrod / Linda Hadcocks /
    Qinxue Hu / Michael Johnson / Grant A. Kay / Kesja Klekotko / Zawditu Lewis / Derek C. Macallan / Josephine Mensah-Kane / Stefanie Menzies / Irene Monahan / Catherine M. Moore / Gerhard Nebe-von-Caron / Sophie I. Owen / Chris Sainter / Amadou A. Sall / James Schouten / Christopher T. Williams / John Wilkins / Kevin Woolston / Joseph R.A. Fitchett / Sanjeev Krishna / Tim Planche

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 27, Iss 1, Pp 85-

    2021  Volume 91

    Abstract: We investigated the dynamics of seroconversion in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. During March 29–May 22, 2020, we collected serum samples and associated clinical data from 177 persons in London, UK, who had SARS- ... ...

    Abstract We investigated the dynamics of seroconversion in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. During March 29–May 22, 2020, we collected serum samples and associated clinical data from 177 persons in London, UK, who had SARS-CoV-2 infection. We measured IgG against SARS-CoV-2 and compared antibody levels with patient outcomes, demographic information, and laboratory characteristics. We found that 2.0%–8.5% of persons did not seroconvert 3–6 weeks after infection. Persons who seroconverted were older, were more likely to have concurrent conditions, and had higher levels of inflammatory markers. Non-White persons had higher antibody concentrations than those who identified as White; these concentrations did not decline during follow-up. Serologic assay results correlated with disease outcome, race, and other risk factors for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serologic assays can be used in surveillance to clarify the duration and protective nature of humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    Keywords SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; diagnostics ; immunology ; antibody responses ; respiratory infections ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

To top