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Article ; Online: Food security and emerging infectious disease

Valeria Trivellone / Eric P. Hoberg / Walter A. Boeger / Daniel R. Brooks

Royal Society Open Science, Vol 9, Iss

risk assessment and risk management

2022 Volume 2

Abstract: Climate change, emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) and food security create a dangerous nexus. Habitat interfaces, assumed to be efficient buffers, are being disrupted by human activities which in turn accelerate the movement of pathogens. EIDs threaten ...

Abstract	Climate change, emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) and food security create a dangerous nexus. Habitat interfaces, assumed to be efficient buffers, are being disrupted by human activities which in turn accelerate the movement of pathogens. EIDs threaten directly and indirectly availability and access to nutritious food, affecting global security and human health. In the next 70 years, food-secure and food-insecure countries will face EIDs driving increasingly unsustainable costs of production, predicted to exceed national and global gross domestic products. Our modern challenge is to transform this business as usual and embrace an alternative vision of the biosphere formalized in the Stockholm paradigm (SP). First, a pathogen-centric focus shifts our vision of risk space, determining how pathogens circulate in realized and potential fitness space. Risk space and pathogen exchange are always heightened at habitat interfaces. Second, apply the document-assess-monitor-act (DAMA) protocol developing strategic data for EID risk, to be translated, synthesized and broadcast as actionable information. Risk management is realized through targeted interventions focused around information exchanged among a community of scientists, policy practitioners of food and public health security and local populations. Ultimately, SP and DAMA protect human rights, supporting food security, access to nutritious food, health interventions and environmental integrity.
Keywords	climate change ; habitat interfaces ; pathogen spillover ; trade ; Stockholm paradigm ; DAMA protocol ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Royal Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Assessing Smoke-Free Housing Implementation Approaches to Inform Best Practices

Ellen Childs / Alan C. Geller / Daniel R. Brooks / Jessica Davine / John Kane / Robyn Keske / Jodi Anthony / Vaughan W. Rees

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 3854, p

A National Survey of Early-Adopting Public Housing Authorities

2022 Volume 3854

Abstract: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes chronic illness and occurs at a higher prevalence in low-income communities than the general public. In 2018, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) instituted a smoke-free housing rule for ... ...

Abstract	Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes chronic illness and occurs at a higher prevalence in low-income communities than the general public. In 2018, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) instituted a smoke-free housing rule for Public Housing Authorities (PHAs) to address persistent health inequities. However, the success of smoke-free housing requires evidence to inform effective implementation approaches. A mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey was conducted in a national sample of PHAs. Questions focused on housing officials’ use of specific implementation strategies. Adjusted odds ratios were used to assess associations between implementation approaches and variations among PHAs (i.e., region, size, or recency of policy adoption). Qualitative analyses were conducted to assess the perceived effectiveness of implementation strategies. Resident engagement, staff training, and smoking cessation support were the most frequently used implementation strategies. Engagement with local stakeholders was cited less frequently. Enforcement actions were limited with no violations referred to housing court. Support for policy adherence was identified as a sixth implementation strategy. While most PHAs used at least some evidence-informed implementation strategies, a lack of a systematic approach may limit overall effectiveness. Further research is required to resolve implementation barriers experienced disproportionately by a subset of PHAs, and to inform a best practice implementation framework that meets the needs of a heterogeneous population.
Keywords	secondhand smoke ; smoke-free housing ; tobacco control ; policy implementation ; socioeconomic disadvantage ; health disparities ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Hiding in plain sight

Péter Apari / Katalin Bajer / Daniel R. Brooks / Orsolya Molnar

Zoologia (Curitiba), Vol 36, Iss , Pp 1-

an evolutionary approach to the South American Zika outbreak and its future consequences

2019 Volume 7

Abstract: Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) pose a world-wide health and socio-economic threat. Accelerating climate change and globalization are exposing unforeseen ways that pathogens cope with their surroundings. The 2015 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak was an ... ...

Abstract	Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) pose a world-wide health and socio-economic threat. Accelerating climate change and globalization are exposing unforeseen ways that pathogens cope with their surroundings. The 2015 Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak was an example of expansion into previously inaccessible fitness spaces, causing a sudden epidemic. Recent studies indicating the subsequent decrease in symptomatic cases means the virus is in remission, currently poses little threat, and therefore can be ignored. We present an evolutionary scenario derived from the Stockholm Paradigm, of oscillating phases of expansion and isolation, accompanied by changes in transmission, persistence, virulence, and pathology. Chief among these is the likelihood that asymptomatic strains are constantly transmitted sexually. This suggests that the currently quiescent virus retains capacities to reemerge abruptly and spread rapidly in an arena of changing opportunity.
Keywords	Zoology ; QL1-991
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pensoft Publishers
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Point-of-Care Testing in Chronic Kidney Disease of Non-Traditional Origin

Miranda Dally / Juan José Amador / Jaime Butler-Dawson / Damaris Lopez-Pilarte / Alexandra Gero / Lyndsay Krisher / Alex Cruz / Daniel Pilloni / Joseph Kupferman / David J. Friedman / Benjamin R. Griffin / Lee S. Newman / Daniel R. Brooks

Annals of Global Health, Vol 89, Iss

Considerations for Clinical, Epidemiological, and Health Surveillance Research and Practice

2023 Volume 1

Abstract: Purpose: As the prevalence of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin (CKDnt) rises in low-resource settings, there is a need for reliable point-of-care creatinine testing. The purpose of this analysis was to assess the accuracy of two commonly ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: As the prevalence of chronic kidney disease of non-traditional origin (CKDnt) rises in low-resource settings, there is a need for reliable point-of-care creatinine testing. The purpose of this analysis was to assess the accuracy of two commonly used point-of-care creatinine devices, the i-STAT handheld (Abbott, Princeton, NJ, USA) and the StatSensor Creatinine (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA) in comparison to venipuncture serum creatinine measures. The affordability, sensitivity, specificity, ease of use, and other considerations for each device are also presented. Methods: Three paired data sets were compared. We collected 213 paired i-STAT and venipuncture samples from a community study in Nicaragua in 2015–2016. We also collected 267 paired StatSensor Creatinine and venipuncture samples, including 158 from a community setting in Nicaragua in 2014–2015 and 109 from a Guatemala sugarcane worker cohort in 2017–2018. Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman plots, and no intercept linear regression models were used to assess agreement between point-of-care devices and blood samples. Results: The i-STAT performed the most accurately, overestimating creatinine by 0.07 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.02, 0.12) with no evidence of proportional bias. The StatSensor Creatinine performed well at low levels of creatinine (Mean (SD): 0.87 (0.19)). Due to proportional bias, the StatSensor Creatinine performed worse in the Nicaragua community setting where creatinine values ranged from 0.31 to 7.04 mg/dL. Discussion: Both devices provide acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Although adequate for routine surveillance, StatSensor Creatinine is less accurate as the values of measured creatinine increase, a consideration when using the point-of-care device for screening individuals at risk for CKDnt. Research, clinical, and screening objectives, cost, ease of use, and background prevalence of disease must all be carefully considered when selecting a point-of-care creatinine device. Conclusion: POC testing can be more ...
Keywords	chronic kidney disease ; pointof- care ; health surveillance ; epidemiology ; clinical services ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Ubiquity Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Climate Trends at a Hotspot of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Causes in Nicaragua, 1973–2014

Zoe E. Petropoulos / Oriana Ramirez-Rubio / Madeleine K. Scammell / Rebecca L. Laws / Damaris Lopez-Pilarte / Juan José Amador / Joan Ballester / Cristina O’Callaghan-Gordo / Daniel R. Brooks

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 5418, p

2021 Volume 5418

Abstract: An ongoing epidemic of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) afflicts large parts of Central America and is hypothesized to be linked to heat stress at work. Mortality rates from CKDu appear to have increased dramatically since the 1970s. ... ...

Abstract	An ongoing epidemic of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) afflicts large parts of Central America and is hypothesized to be linked to heat stress at work. Mortality rates from CKDu appear to have increased dramatically since the 1970s. To explore this relationship, we assessed trends in maximum and minimum temperatures during harvest months between 1973 and 2014 as well as in the number of days during the harvest season for which the maximum temperature surpassed 35 °C. Data were collected at a weather station at a Nicaraguan sugar company where large numbers of workers have been affected by CKDu. Monthly averages of the daily maximum temperatures between 1996 and 2014 were also compared to concurrent weather data from eight Automated Surface Observing System Network weather stations across Nicaragua. Our objectives were to assess changes in temperature across harvest seasons, estimate the number of days that workers were at risk of heat-related illness and compare daily maximum temperatures across various sites in Nicaragua. The monthly average daily maximum temperature during the harvest season increased by 0.7 °C per decade between 1973 and 1990. The number of days per harvest season with a maximum temperature over 35 °C increased by approximately five days per year between 1974 and 1990, from 32 days to 114 days. Between 1991 and 2013, the number of harvest days with a maximum temperature over 35 °C decreased by two days per year, and the monthly average daily maximum temperature decreased by 0.3 °C per decade. Comparisons with weather stations across Nicaragua demonstrate that this company is located in one of the consistently hottest regions of the country.
Keywords	heat stress ; occupational heat exposure ; historical weather trends ; Central America ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Historical biogeography in the age of complexity

Daniel R. Brooks

Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, Vol 76, Iss 1, Pp 79-

expansion and integration Biogeografía histórica en la era de la complejidad: expansión e integración

2005 Volume 94

Abstract: Historical biogeography has recently experienced a significant advancement in three integrated areas. The first is the adoption of an ontology of complexity, replacing the traditional ontology of simplicity, or a priori parsimony; simple and elegant ... ...

Abstract	Historical biogeography has recently experienced a significant advancement in three integrated areas. The first is the adoption of an ontology of complexity, replacing the traditional ontology of simplicity, or a priori parsimony; simple and elegant models of the biosphere are not sufficient for explaining the geographical context of the origin of species and their post-speciation movements, producing evolutionary radiations and complex multi-species biotas. The second is the development of a powerful method for producing area cladograms from complex data, especially cases of reticulated area relationships, without loss of information. That method, called Phylogenetic Analysis for Comparing trees (PACT), is described herein. The third element is the replacement of the model of maximum vicariance with the model called the Taxon Pulse hypothesis. Using PACT analysis for a data set of 33 different clades occurring in 9 different areas of endemism in Mexico, I show how taxon pulses can be detected. Finally, I show how PACT results can be used to provide a phylogenetic context for analyses of species-area relationships. Recientemente, la biogeografía histórica ha experimentado un avance significativo en tres aspectos integrales. El primero, es la adopción de una ontología de la complejidad, que reemplaza a la tradicional ontología de la simplicidad o parsimonia a priori; los modelos elegantes y sencillos para representar a la biósfera no son suficientes para explicar el contexto geográfico del origen de las especies y sus movimientos posteriores, generadores de radiaciones evolutivas y biotas multiespecíficas complejas. El segundo es el desarrollo de un método capaz de producir cladogramas de área a partir de datos complejos, especialmente casos de relaciones reticuladas de áreas, sin pérdida de información. Aquí describo ese método, llamado Análisis Filogenético para la Comparación de Árboles (PACT por sus siglas en inglés). El tercer aspecto, es la sustitución del modelo de máxima vicarianza por el modelo llamado ...
Keywords	Análisis filogenético para comparar árboles ; PACT ; hipótesis de pulsación de los taxa ; áreas de endemismo ; México ; Phylogenetic analysis for comparing trees ; taxon pulse hypothesis ; areas of endemism ; Mexico ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Phylogenetic relationships and systematic position of the enigmatic Urotrema Braun, 1900 (Platyhelminthes: Digenea)

Tkach, Vasyl V / Stephen E. Greiman / Eric E. Pulis / Daniel R. Brooks / Carlos Carrion Bonilla

Parasitology international. 2019 June, v. 70

2019

Abstract: The systematic position of Urotrema Braun, 1900 and the family Urotrematidae Poche, 1926 have always been controversial. Due to its unusual morphological characteristics, lack of knowledge of the life cycle or details of its excretory system, this family ...

Abstract	The systematic position of Urotrema Braun, 1900 and the family Urotrematidae Poche, 1926 have always been controversial. Due to its unusual morphological characteristics, lack of knowledge of the life cycle or details of its excretory system, this family was placed within different higher taxonomic groups of digeneans. Despite being one of the most enigmatic digenean families in terms of its phylogenetic affinities, DNA sequence data for Urotrematidae were lacking. Here, we evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of Urotrema using newly obtained partial sequences of the 28S rRNA gene from Urotrema specimens collected in North, Central and South America including the type species U. scabridum Braun, 1900, as well as previously published sequences of digeneans. Our study has demonstrated that Urotrema is phylogenetically closest (100% branch support) to members of Parabascus Looss, 1907 belonging to the family Pleurogenidae Looss, 1899. Thus, the family Urotrematidae becomes a junior synonym of the Pleurogenidae. Urotrema forms a 100% supported clade among the Pleurogenidae, parasitic in warm-blooded vertebrates. However, the phylogenetic relationships and exact systematic position of the remaining 3 genera currently placed in the Urotrematidae remains unclear and requires additional studies as their allocation is mostly based on the terminal posterior position of the genital pore and cirrus-sac. According to our results the genus Parabascus appears to be paraphyletic and requires further detailed phylogenetic and morphological analyses.
Keywords	Platyhelminthes ; excretory system ; genes ; nucleotide sequences ; paraphyly ; ribosomal DNA ; ribosomal RNA ; vertebrates ; South America
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-06
Size	p. 118-122.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1363151-2
ISSN	1383-5769
ISSN	1383-5769
DOI	10.1016/j.parint.2019.02.003
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Children of time

Daniel R. Brooks / Salvatore J. Agosta

Zoologia (Curitiba), Vol 29, Iss 6, Pp 497-

the extended synthesis and major metaphors of evolution

2012 Volume 514

Abstract: It is time for an expansion and enrichment of evolutionary theory. The "back to the future" proposal contained herein is based on three postulates: 1) Neo-Darwinism is too impoverished for this task; 2) its predecessor, Darwinism, contained the necessary ...

Abstract	It is time for an expansion and enrichment of evolutionary theory. The "back to the future" proposal contained herein is based on three postulates: 1) Neo-Darwinism is too impoverished for this task; 2) its predecessor, Darwinism, contained the necessary breadth of vision and metaphor to be the basis for an inclusive and unifying theory of biology; and 3) the necessary framework for this new stage in the evolution of evolutionary theory is largely in place. We make our case through the use of a number of metaphorical dualisms designed to help focus discussions toward a more cooperative and productive approach to the study of living systems. Along the way, we suggest a number of self-induced paradoxes in neo-Darwinian accounts of evolution that are resolved by our perspective.
Keywords	Darwinism ; nature of the organism ; nature of the conditions ; extended synthesis ; metaphors ; time ; sequency ; simultaneity ; thermodynamics ; metabolism ; space ; information ; function ; history ; complexity ; cohesion ; compensatory changes ; evolutionary transitions ; cooperation ; division of labor ; ecological hierarchy ; genealogical hierarchy ; self-organization ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pensoft Publishers
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Helminth Parasites of the Pelophylax esculentus Complex (Anura: Ranidae) in Hortobágy National Park (Hungary)

Herczeg, Dávid / Daniel R. Brooks / Judit Vörös / Yuriy Kuzmin / Zsolt Végvári

Comparative parasitology. 2016 Jan. 1, v. 83, no. 1

2016

Abstract: The Document, Assess, Monitoring, Act (DAMA) protocol details an approach to integrating information about parasites into large-scale studies of biodiversity, climate change, and emerging diseases. This study represents an effort to put the DAMA protocol ...

Abstract	The Document, Assess, Monitoring, Act (DAMA) protocol details an approach to integrating information about parasites into large-scale studies of biodiversity, climate change, and emerging diseases. This study represents an effort to put the DAMA protocol into practice. We collected 101 individuals of protected ranid frogs belonging to the Pelophylax esculentus complex during 2012 and 2013 in the Hortobágy National Park (HNP) in eastern Hungary in an area where an inventory of amphibian helminths had been conducted 40 yr previously. Collecting sites included flowing water, a fish pond system, and a wetland marsh system. We found the following helminth species: Digeneans: Diplodiscus subclavatus, Haematoloechus variegatus, Opisthioglyphe ranae, Pleurogenes claviger, Pleurogenoides medians; Nematodes: Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Rhabdias esculentarum; and Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus ranae. Rhabdais esculentarum is a new species for the Hungarian fauna and P. ridibundus represents a new host record for R. esculentarum while D. subclavatus, P. claviger, and P. medians are new species for the helminthofauna of the HNP. Our findings showed a significant discrepancy from the results of baseline inventories carried out 40 yr ago, although the reasons for this discrepancy are not clear. We suspect that the previously reported helminth species that we did not encounter are restricted to Pelophylax lessonae, a host we have not yet collected at this location, but factors associated with climate change or anthropogenic impacts cannot be ruled out.
Keywords	Acanthocephala ; anthropogenic activities ; biodiversity ; climate change ; emerging diseases ; fauna ; frogs ; Haematoloechus ; helminths ; inventories ; marshes ; monitoring ; national parks ; Nematoda ; new host records ; new species ; Pelophylax ; protocols ; Hungary
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-0101
Size	p. 36-48.
Publishing place	The CCBD practitioner journal
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2168698-1
ISSN	1525-2647 ; 1525-2647
ISSN (online)	1525-2647
ISSN	1525-2647
DOI	10.1654/1525-2647-83.1.36
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: How specialists can be generalists

Salvatore J. Agosta / Niklas Janz / Daniel R. Brooks

Zoologia (Curitiba), Vol 27, Iss 2, Pp 151-

resolving the "parasite paradox" and implications for emerging infectious disease

2010 Volume 162

Abstract: The parasite paradox arises from the dual observations that parasites (broadly construed, including phytophagous insects) are resource specialists with restricted host ranges, and yet shifts onto relatively unrelated hosts are common in the phylogenetic ... ...

Abstract	The parasite paradox arises from the dual observations that parasites (broadly construed, including phytophagous insects) are resource specialists with restricted host ranges, and yet shifts onto relatively unrelated hosts are common in the phylogenetic diversification of parasite lineages and directly observable in ecological time. We synthesize the emerging solution to this paradox: phenotypic flexibility and phylogenetic conservatism in traits related to resource use, grouped under the term ecological fitting, provide substantial opportunities for rapid host switching in changing environments, in the absence of the evolution of novel host-utilization capabilities. We discuss mechanisms behind ecological fitting, its implications for defining specialists and generalists, and briefly review empirical examples of host shifts in the context of ecological fitting. We conclude that host shifts via ecological fitting provide the fuel for the expansion phase of the recently proposed oscillation hypothesis of host range and speciation, and, more generally, the generation of novel combinations of interacting species within the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution. Finally, we conclude that taxon pulses, driven by climate change and large-scale ecological perturbation are drivers of biotic mixing and resultant ecological fitting, which leads to increased rates of rapid host switching, including the agents of Emerging Infectious Disease.
Keywords	Climate change ; coevolution ; ecological fitting ; host shift ; plant-insect interactions ; sloppy fitness ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pensoft Publishers
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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