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Article ; Online: A Study of the Impact of Population Aging on Fiscal Sustainability in China

Qiongzhi Liu / Dapeng Zhao

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 5409, p

2023 Volume 5409

Abstract: China has entered a deeply aging society, and the aging population poses a significant public risk to fiscal sustainability. In this regard, researchers have conducted a large number of studies, but the fiscal sustainability indicators used in the ... ...

Abstract	China has entered a deeply aging society, and the aging population poses a significant public risk to fiscal sustainability. In this regard, researchers have conducted a large number of studies, but the fiscal sustainability indicators used in the existing literature are not scientific enough, the sample data are too macro, and the heterogeneity analysis is not comprehensive enough. This paper innovatively constructs fiscal sustainability indicators based on data from 4 municipalities directly under the central government, 8 provincial capitals, and 88 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010–2019, and analyzes the impact of population aging on fiscal sustainability in eastern, central, western, and multi-level cities in China, using methods such as two-way fixed-effects models. The study finds that (1) fiscal sustainability is significantly hampered by population aging; that is, the more aging there is, the less fiscal sustainability there is. (2) The inhibitory effect of population aging on fiscal sustainability is greater in developed regions compared to backward regions. Compared to prefecture-level cities, provincial cities (including municipalities and provincial capitals) are much more negatively impacted by population aging on fiscal sustainability. (3) The paths through which population aging inhibits fiscal sustainability are healthcare expenditures and social security employment expenditures. The policy recommendations put forward in this paper are to raise the fertility rate, protect the fiscal expenditures of developed regions and provincial capitals to deal with population aging, and increase the effectiveness of the use of funds for medical and health expenditures and social security employment expenditures. The conclusions and policy recommendations drawn in this paper have a positive effect on China’s response to the fiscal sustainability problems caused by an aging population.
Keywords	population aging ; fiscal sustainability ; China ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	336
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Ancient slabs beneath Arctic and surroundings

Genti Toyokuni / Dapeng Zhao

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

Izanagi, Farallon, and in-betweens

2023 Volume 20

Abstract: Abstract A detailed 3-D tomographic model of the whole mantle beneath the northern hemisphere (north of ~ 30°N latitude) is obtained by inverting a large amount of P-wave arrival time data (P, pP, and PP) to investigate transition of subducted slabs ... ...

Abstract	Abstract A detailed 3-D tomographic model of the whole mantle beneath the northern hemisphere (north of ~ 30°N latitude) is obtained by inverting a large amount of P-wave arrival time data (P, pP, and PP) to investigate transition of subducted slabs beneath Eurasia–Arctic–North America. We apply an updated global tomographic method that can investigate the whole mantle 3-D structure beneath a target area with high resolution comparable to that of regional tomography. The final tomographic model is obtained by performing independent calculations for 12 different target areas and stitching together the results. Our model clearly shows the subducted Izanagi and Farallon slabs penetrating into the lower mantle beneath Eurasia and North America, respectively. In the region from Canada to Greenland, a stagnant slab lying below the 660-km discontinuity is revealed. Because this slab has a texture that seems to be due to subducted oceanic ridges, the slab might be composed of the Farallon and Kula slabs that had subducted during ~60–50 Ma. During that period, a complex rift system represented by division between Canada and Greenland was developed. The oceanic ridge subduction and hot upwelling in the big mantle wedge above the stagnant slab caused a tensional stress field, which might have induced these complex tectonic events.
Keywords	Seismic tomography ; Arctic region ; Subducting slab ; Subduction zone ; Big mantle wedge (BMW) ; Izanagi slab ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SpringerOpen
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: How do living conditions affect the gut microbiota of endangered Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus)? Initial findings from the warm temperate zone

Hongyu Yao / Qiying Mo / Hong Wu / Dapeng Zhao

PeerJ, Vol 11, p e

2023 Volume 14897

Abstract: Reintroduction is an effective strategy in the conservation of endangered species under scientific monitoring. Intestinal flora plays an important role in the envir onmental adaptation of endangered Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus). In this study, ...

Abstract	Reintroduction is an effective strategy in the conservation of endangered species under scientific monitoring. Intestinal flora plays an important role in the envir onmental adaptation of endangered Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus). In this study, 34 fecal samples from E. davidianus were collected from different habitats in Tianjin city of China to investigate differences in the intestinal flora under captive and semi-free-ranging conditions. Based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, a total of 23 phyla and 518 genera were obtained. Firmicutes was dominant in all individuals. At the genus level, UCG-005 (13.05%) and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group (8.94%) were dominant in captive individuals, while Psychrobacillus (26.53%) and Pseudomonas (11.33%) were dominant in semi-free-ranging individuals. Alpha diversity results showed that the intestinal flora richness and diversity were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in captive individuals than in semi-free-ranging individuals. Beta diversity analysis also showed a significant difference (P = 0.001) between the two groups. In addition, some age- and sex-related genera such as Monoglobus were identified. In summary, the structure and diversity of intestinal flora showed significant habitat variation. This is the first time an analysis has been undertaken of the structural differences of the intestinal flora in Père David’s deer, under different habitats in the warm temperate zone, providing a reference basis for the conservation of endangered species.
Keywords	16S rRNA sequencing ; Fecal sample ; Père David’s deer ; Gut microbiota ; Reintroduction ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Oleanolic Acid Attenuates Renal Fibrosis through TGF-β/Smad Pathway in a Rat Model of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

Dapeng Zhao / Zhongqiu Luan

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol

2020 Volume 2020

Abstract: Renal fibrosis is a common final pathological process in the progression of kidney disease. Oleanolic acid is a bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoid and is widely found in medicinal herbs around the world. In this study, we explored the effect of oleanolic ...

Abstract	Renal fibrosis is a common final pathological process in the progression of kidney disease. Oleanolic acid is a bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoid and is widely found in medicinal herbs around the world. In this study, we explored the effect of oleanolic acid on renal fibrosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms by using a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with oleanolic acid (6 mg/kg/d) or vehicle (olive oil) for 21 days after the UUO surgery. Upon termination, urine and blood were collected for renal function analysis, and kidneys were harvested for pathological analysis by using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining. Changes of extracellular matrix mRNA expressions and TGF-β/Smad signaling in the kidneys were also determined. As a result, oleanolic acid significantly reduced the kidney index, the level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and the urinary level of microalbumin, α1-microglobulin, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. Masson trichrome staining showed significantly less collagen deposition in the UUO rats with oleanolic acid treatment. Diminished mRNA expressions of collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, and α-SMA in the kidney tissues were observed after the treatment. Oleanolic acid led to decreased protein expressions of TGF-β, TGF-β receptor I, and TGF-β receptor II, as well as the phosphorylation of Smad2. Our current study suggested that oleanolic acid could be a complementary and alternative therapy for renal fibrosis potentially by targeting the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
Keywords	Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Comparative analysis of intestinal flora at different overwintering periods in wild relict gulls (Larus relictus)

Hongyu Yao / Zeming Zhang / Nan Wu / Mengping Wang / Qian Wu / Hong Wu / Dapeng Zhao

Frontiers in Microbiomes, Vol

first evidence from Northern China

2023 Volume 2

Abstract: The migratory bird’s gut microbiome composition and function change during the overwintering period, helping the host to adapt to different environments. Our study investigated the gut microbiome of migratory relict gulls (Larus relictus) in the early ... ...

Abstract	The migratory bird’s gut microbiome composition and function change during the overwintering period, helping the host to adapt to different environments. Our study investigated the gut microbiome of migratory relict gulls (Larus relictus) in the early and late wintering stages from their overwintering grounds in Tianjin, China. We collected 24 and 29 fecal samples at the early and late stages, respectively, and analyzed the samples using high-throughput sequencing technology to find the relationship between diet, living environment, and gut microbiome of migratory birds. The results showed that the diversity and abundance of microbial communities (alpha diversity) increased during the overwintering period and significantly differed between both groups (beta diversity). Based on the gut microbial taxonomic composition, the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased during the overwintering period, and Proteobacteria increased significantly. Furthermore, Catellicoccus and Breznakia were the main genera in both the early and late stages. Prediction of KEGG functions based on the PICRUSt2 method showed that changes in the gut microbiome resulted in an increased abundance of bacteria associated with amino acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, energy metabolism, and environmental adaptation in the late stage. Differences in diet and environment at different stages during the overwintering period may have led to the differentiation of microbial communities, and their adaptive mechanisms need to be further investigated. This is the first in-depth study of the gut microbial composition of L. relictus during the overwintering period in northern China. These findings may contribute to the protection of migratory birds.
Keywords	relict gulls ; gut microbiome ; high-throughput sequencing ; migratory bird ; bacterial composition ; Microbial ecology ; QR100-130
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Tomography of the source zone of the great 2011 Tohoku earthquake

Yuanyuan Hua / Dapeng Zhao / Genti Toyokuni / Yixian Xu

Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 7

Abstract: Using data recorded by a new seafloor seismic network, the authors reveal the detailed 3D structure of the source zone of the great 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, which sheds new light on the mechanism of the great earthquake and tsunami. ...

Abstract	Using data recorded by a new seafloor seismic network, the authors reveal the detailed 3D structure of the source zone of the great 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake, which sheds new light on the mechanism of the great earthquake and tsunami.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Arc-arc collision caused the 2018 Eastern Iburi earthquake (M 6.7) in Hokkaido, Japan

Yuanyuan Hua / Dapeng Zhao / Yixian Xu / Zewei Wang

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Inland crustal earthquakes usually occur in the brittle upper crust (0–20 km depths), but the 6 September 2018 Eastern Iburi earthquake (M 6.7) took place in southern Hokkaido with a focal depth of ~37 km, causing 41 fatalities and serious ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Inland crustal earthquakes usually occur in the brittle upper crust (0–20 km depths), but the 6 September 2018 Eastern Iburi earthquake (M 6.7) took place in southern Hokkaido with a focal depth of ~37 km, causing 41 fatalities and serious damage to the local infrastructure. The reason why this event was so deep and its causal mechanism are still unclear. In this work we study the three-dimensional P and S wave seismic attenuation (1/Q) structure in the source zone of the 2018 Iburi earthquake. Our results show that this event occurred at the boundary between the Sorachi-Yezo belt (low Q) and the dipping Northeastern (NE) Japan arc (high Q) that is descending beneath the Kuril arc. The collision between the NE Japan and Kuril arcs as well as fluids from dehydration of the subducting Pacific plate caused this big event and its unusual focal depth. Similar attenuation structures are revealed in source zones of the 1970 Hidaka earthquake (M 6.7) and the 1982 Urakawa-oki earthquake (M 7.1), suggesting that they were caused by similar processes. We think that large earthquakes will take place again on the active thrust faults in southern Hokkaido in the coming decades. Hence, we should pay much attention to the seismic risk and prepare for reduction of earthquake hazards there.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: P Wave Azimuthal Anisotropic Tomography in Northern Chile

Z.?Huang / F.?Tilmann / Diana?Comte / Dapeng?Zhao

Journal of Geophysical Research

Insight Into Deformation in the Subduction Zone

2019

Abstract: Based on a large dataset of local body-wave travel times, we determined the first 3-D model of azimuthal P-wave anisotropic tomography of northern Chile in order to study the deformation in the subduction zone. Our results indicate different deformation ... ...

Abstract	Based on a large dataset of local body-wave travel times, we determined the first 3-D model of azimuthal P-wave anisotropic tomography of northern Chile in order to study the deformation in the subduction zone. Our results indicate different deformation patterns in the overriding lithosphere, mantle wedge, and the subducting Nazca slab as well as significant along-arc variations. Radiating fast velocity directions (FVDs) around the rupture zone of the 2014 Iquique earthquake (Mw 8.2) are notable in the crust, which may reflect the specific crustal extension induced by a point-like stress source in the form of a fully locked asperity at the plate interface. In most of the study region, FVDs in the mantle wedge are trench-normal, which we interpret to have resulted from mantle wedge flow driven by the oceanic plate subduction. However, trench-parallel FVDs are found beneath the northern segment, which may imply the occurrence of B-type olivine fabrics in the cold forearc mantle. Strong along-arc variations are also observed in the subducting slab, which may reflect intra-slab heterogeneity and change in the slab geometry. In the northern segment, slab bending induces generally trench-normal extension and leads to trench-normal FVDs in the upper part of the slab. In contrast, in the southern segment, flat-slab subduction and thus slab unbending dominates, producing trench-normal compression and trench-parallel FVDs instead. Along the subducting slab interface, FVDs change from trench-parallel to trench normal in the downdip direction, which may indicate the first-order transition from compression in the locking area to dominant shear in the decoupling area along the slab interface.
Subject code	550
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1029/2018JB016389
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Tomography of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake area and the Beppu-Shimabara graben

Dapeng Zhao / Kei Yamashita / Genti Toyokuni

Scientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2018 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Detailed three-dimensional images of P and S wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio (σ) of the crust and upper mantle beneath Kyushu in SW Japan are determined, with a focus on the source area of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (M 7.3) that occurred in ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Detailed three-dimensional images of P and S wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio (σ) of the crust and upper mantle beneath Kyushu in SW Japan are determined, with a focus on the source area of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (M 7.3) that occurred in the Beppu-Shimabara graben (BSG) where four active volcanoes and many active faults exist. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake took place in a high-velocity and low-σ zone in the upper crust, which is surrounded and underlain by low-velocity and high-σ anomalies in the upper mantle. This result suggests that, in and around the source zone of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, strong structural heterogeneities relating to active volcanoes and magmatic fluids exist, which may affect the seismogenesis. Along the BSG, low-velocity and high-σ anomalies do not exist everywhere in the upper mantle but mainly beneath the active volcanoes, suggesting that hot mantle upwelling is not the only cause of the graben. The BSG was most likely formed by joint effects of northward extension of the Okinawa Trough, westward extension of the Median Tectonic Line, and hot upwelling flow in the mantle wedge beneath the active volcanoes.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Older magma at Aso caldera than at Unzen stratovolcano in south west Japan as recorded through helium isotopes

Yuji Sano / Takanori Kagoshima / Maoliang Zhang / Naoto Takahata / Tetsuji Onoue / Tomo Shibata / Yoshiro Nishio / Ai-Ti Chen / Hyunwoo Lee / Tobias P. Fischer / Dapeng Zhao

Communications Earth & Environment, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 8

Abstract: Helium isotopes from groundwater and hot springs at the stratovolcano, Unzen, have a stronger mantle signature than for the nearby caldera volcano, Aso, which suggests that magma at Unzen is younger still supplied with primordial mantle helium. ...

Abstract	Helium isotopes from groundwater and hot springs at the stratovolcano, Unzen, have a stronger mantle signature than for the nearby caldera volcano, Aso, which suggests that magma at Unzen is younger still supplied with primordial mantle helium.
Keywords	Geology ; QE1-996.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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