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  1. Article ; Online: Application of Traditional Cooking Methods in Chestnut Processing

    Dario Donno / Maria Gabriella Mellano / Valeria Carini / Elena Bergamasco / Giovanni Gamba / Gabriele Loris Beccaro

    Agriculture, Vol 13, Iss 530, p

    Effects of Roasting and Boiling on Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Capacity in Castanea spp. Fruits

    2023  Volume 530

    Abstract: More information on the effects of traditional cooking methods (roasting or boiling) on the chestnut composition may be important if health-promoting aspects are considered. The main aims of this study were to investigate and describe the phenolic ... ...

    Abstract More information on the effects of traditional cooking methods (roasting or boiling) on the chestnut composition may be important if health-promoting aspects are considered. The main aims of this study were to investigate and describe the phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of raw, boiled, and roasted chestnuts from several Castanea spp. genotypes, evaluating the influence of the application of different traditional cooking methods on the nut phytochemical composition by chromatographic and spectroscopic strategies. The amounts of phenolics were used as selected variables together with total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity to perform a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Catechins and tannins were the main molecules in the phenolic phytocomplex, reaching 30–40% of the total, followed by phenolic acids (5–20%) and flavonols (about 5%). Gallic and ellagic acids were the most important phenolic acids in raw and processed chestnuts (about 20–70 mg·100 g −1 dried weight-DW and 10–50 mg·100 g −1 DW, respectively). Both of the cooking processes significantly influenced the polyphenolic content and the relative antioxidant capacity. This research may support and confirm the potential use of chestnuts for human health, increasing the information on the phenolic pattern of differently processed Castanea spp. fruits from different genotypes to (i) assess the potential health-positive effects, (ii) help processing companies to select specific varieties to commercialise in the market, and (iii) increase the use of these fruits with the relative increase in income for the producers.
    Keywords processed chestnuts ; phenolics ; antioxidants ; cooking processes ; HPLC fingerprinting ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Four Malagasy Medicinal Plants Used in Different Chronic Diseases

    Zoarilala Rinah Razafindrakoto / Nantenaina Tombozara / Dario Donno / Gabriele Loris Beccaro / David Ramanitrahasimbola

    Medical Sciences Forum, Vol 14, Iss 5, p

    Strategies for the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources in the Malagasy Health System

    2022  Volume 5

    Abstract: Traditional medicine plays an important role in the Malagasy health system. In Madagascar, medicinal plants are the main remedies for several diseases, especially chronic diseases. Scientific studies are performed to valorize the use of Imperata ... ...

    Abstract Traditional medicine plays an important role in the Malagasy health system. In Madagascar, medicinal plants are the main remedies for several diseases, especially chronic diseases. Scientific studies are performed to valorize the use of Imperata cylindrica (Ic), Uapaca bojeri (Ub), Vaccinium secondiflorum (Vs), and Ravenala madagascariensis (Rm). Ic and Ub are used to treat some inflammatory-related diseases, Vs has an anti-diabetic value, and Rm is known as an antihypertensive. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies were carried out using standard scientific models to justify their properties. Firstly, the antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and/or vasorelaxant activities of their crude methanol extracts (ME) were evaluated according to ethnomedicinal information. The ME of Ic, Ub, and Vs showed potent antioxidant activities on DPPH and FRAP methods. These species are rich in phenolics, flavonoids, and organic acids, known for their antioxidant activities. They also possess significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively, assessed on the pain model caused by acetic acid (1%) and on inflammatory edema induced by carrageenan in mice. Sitostenone was isolated as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory compound from Ic. Ub and Vs ME significantly reduced the glycemia level after 30 min of glucose loading in mice compared to glibenclamide. Androsta-1,4-dien-3,16-dione was isolated as the vasorelaxant molecule from Rm, responsible for its antihypertensive activity. These results showed that there are some scientific reasons that can justify the therapeutic properties of these plants. It is very important to investigate the local use of biodiversity to identify new bioactive compounds, to support biodiversity conservation and sustainable development projects in Madagascar.
    Keywords traditional medicine ; phytochemicals ; Madagascar ; pharmacological activities ; plants ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Integrating Traditional Wheat-Based Foods with High Health Value Flours

    Dario Donno / Michele Fabro / Maria Gabriella Mellano / Giovanni Gamba / Annachiara Fioccardi / Gabriele Loris Beccaro

    Agriculture, Vol 12, Iss 7, p

    Castanea spp. Agro-Biodiversity in Bakery Products

    2022  Volume 946

    Abstract: In European countries, the utilisation of chestnut flours (CF) has been increasing in the bakery industry because the CF ingredients provide not only nutritional and health benefits but also improve organoleptic and health-promoting properties. This work ...

    Abstract In European countries, the utilisation of chestnut flours (CF) has been increasing in the bakery industry because the CF ingredients provide not only nutritional and health benefits but also improve organoleptic and health-promoting properties. This work aimed to describe the phytochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of chestnut flours from different Castanea spp. genotypes and origins, studying the effects of the addition of CF to traditional wheat-based cookies on their quality and sensory traits. Commercial chestnut flours were also considered. CF used in addition to wheat-based flours may increase the quality and health-promoting value of bakery products for its many benefits: (i) nutritional and phytochemical value; (ii) zero-Km availability in many producing areas (Europe, Asia, Australia, and North and South America); (iii) for these areas, food security is connected to a vulnerable wheat-based food system. Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods were utilised to assess the composition and antioxidant properties of the considered chestnut flours. The sensory value of the prepared chestnut/wheat-based cookies was also assessed by a panel of common consumers (hedonistic test by a 9-points hedonistic scale). Monoterpenes were the main substances in the flour phytocomplex, reaching 80–90% of the total, followed by phenolics (8–12%) and vitamin C in trace (1–3%). Antioxidant capacity ranged from 9.64 ± 0.96 mmol Fe +2 kg −1 DW (BOUC flour from cv Bouche de Bétizac) to 17.33 ± 1.35 mmol Fe +2 kg −1 DW (CANA flour from cv Canalutta). In this research study, the cookies derived from CANA and BOUC flours were considered the most appreciated products by consumers, with values of 7.09 ± 0.46 and 6.88 ± 0.18, respectively. These results confirmed that integrating phytochemical data with sensory results is very important for food industries to obtain a complete description of the analysed flours and consequently of the derived products to produce new bakery products highly appreciated by consumers with high ...
    Keywords chestnut flour ; cookies ; hedonistic test ; phytochemicals ; health-promoting fortification ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Crocus sativus L. Cultivation in Alpine Environments

    Matteo Caser / Sonia Demasi / Stefania Stelluti / Dario Donno / Valentina Scariot

    Agronomy, Vol 10, Iss 1473, p

    Stigmas and Tepals as Source of Bioactive Compounds

    2020  Volume 1473

    Abstract: Saffron is a well-known spice, produced for a long time, mainly in the Mediterranean area. In the last few years, saffron has been seen as an alternative crop for the diversification of agricultural production and a new source of income, due to its high ... ...

    Abstract Saffron is a well-known spice, produced for a long time, mainly in the Mediterranean area. In the last few years, saffron has been seen as an alternative crop for the diversification of agricultural production and a new source of income, due to its high price, including in Alpine areas. Apart from the spice, constituted by the stigmas, saffron production provides a high amount of fresh tepals, which have so far been considered agricultural waste. Recently, studies on the composition of saffron tepals have been revealing their potential as a rich source of bioactive compounds. In this study, we evaluated the productive traits and the quality of the spice of saffron cultivated in open fields in the north western Italian Alps, for 2 years. In addition, in order to valorize the crop residues, we evaluated the bioactive compound content in tepals by using maceration and ultrasound assisted extraction with different rates of water and methanol as solvents. Higher yields in spice were obtained in the second year of cultivation. However, in both years, the spice had a high quality (ISO 3632), and a very high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Thirteen bioactive compounds were identified, including flavonols, cinnamic acids, benzoic acids, catechins, and vitamin C, with few differences between sites and year of cultivation. In tepals, the extraction method and the solvent used influenced the evaluated parameters, i.e., total phenolics and total anthocyanins content, antioxidant activity, and the amount of the four phenolic compounds found (hyperoside, rutin, ellagic acid, and epicatechin). Overall, this study revealed that both saffron spice and its by-product, the fresh tepals, produced in the north western Italian Alps can be considered a source of bioactive compounds with nutraceutical properties, having an antioxidant capacity that is often similar or higher than those of some vegetables and fruits.
    Keywords antioxidant activity ; carotenoids ; polyphenols ; saffron ; ultrasound assisted extraction ; Agriculture ; S
    Subject code 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: EEM Fluorescence Spectroscopy Coupled with HPLC-DAD Analysis for the Characterization of Bud Derivative Dietary Supplements

    Federica Turrini / Dario Donno / Federica Grasso / Eleonora Mustorgi / Gabriele Loris Beccaro / Maddalena Guido / Teresa Fior / Massimo Grilli / Anna Pittaluga / Raffaella Boggia

    Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 8679, p

    A Preliminary Introduction to GEMMAPP, the Free Data-Repository from the FINNOVER Project

    2023  Volume 8679

    Abstract: Bud derivatives (BDs) represent a category of botanicals obtained by macerating the meristematic tissues (buds or young sprouts) of plants; widely used since ancient times in complementary medicine, they remain poorly investigated to date. In this study, ...

    Abstract Bud derivatives (BDs) represent a category of botanicals obtained by macerating the meristematic tissues (buds or young sprouts) of plants; widely used since ancient times in complementary medicine, they remain poorly investigated to date. In this study, a contribution is made toward the identification of the correct “a posteriori” attribution of the botanical species in commercial BDs, which is very important for ensuring the quality and safety of these natural products. Excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy proved to be a rapid, non-destructive and low-cost analytical instrument for providing a preliminary qualitative characterization of the BDs, allowing for the identification of specific spectral regions related to flavonol compounds and cinnamic and benzoic acids, in agreement with the targeted chromatographic analysis (HPLC-DAD), which completely defined a phytochemical profile for each BD considered. This information will be implemented in the first web application for the recognition of vegetable buds, named GEMMAPP, which was designed by the Authors and is proposed as a tool and future scientific data repository for providing information about the main, typical BDs of the France–Italy Alcotra territory.
    Keywords bud derivatives ; botanicals ; targeted chromatographic fingerprint ; untargeted spectroscopic fingerprint ; 3D fluorescence ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Traditional Foods and Sustainable Rural Development

    Dario Donno / Saandia Hassani / Toilibou Sofoini / Maria Gabriella Mellano / Isidoro Riondato / Giovanni Gamba / Gabriele Loris Beccaro

    Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 5815, p

    Exploiting the Case of the Comoros Tea as a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds

    2021  Volume 5815

    Abstract: Although modern medicine is available in many developing countries, such as the Comoros Islands, the primary health-care needs of the local population are based on traditional foods and beverages derived from natural resources and medicinal plants for ... ...

    Abstract Although modern medicine is available in many developing countries, such as the Comoros Islands, the primary health-care needs of the local population are based on traditional foods and beverages derived from natural resources and medicinal plants for cultural and historical reasons. Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn. (‘Mfandrabo’), Cinnamomum verum J.Presl (‘Mani yamdrara’), Ocimum gratissimum L. (‘Roulé’), Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. (‘Ynadombwe’), Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle (‘Sandze monach’) and Ocimum americanum L. (‘Kandza’) are six wild plants that are largely utilised to treat many diseases. The leaves of these plants are used in the traditional Comorian tea (aqueous infusion). This study aimed to identify and quantify the main health-promoting compounds in the traditional formulation of Comorian tea by HPLC profiling together with a preliminary assessment of antioxidant capacity to confirm the traditional use of these plants by the local population. The single plants were also studied. The Comoros tea presented a total polyphenolic content (TPC) of 4511.50 ± 74.41 mg GAE /100 g DW, a value higher than the TPCs of the different plants included in the Comorian tea. Moreover, the Comorian tea showed an antioxidant capacity (AOC) of 578.65 ± 6.48 mmol Fe 2+ /Kg DW, a value higher if compared to all the AOC values obtained in the single plants. The polyphenolic fraction (771.37 ± 35.76 mg/100 g DW) and organic acids (981.40 ± 38.38 mg/100 g DW) were the most important phytochemical classes in the Comorian tea (40.68% and 51.75% of the total phytocomplex, respectively), followed by the monoterpenes (5.88%) and vitamin C (1.67%), while carotenoids were detected in trace (0.02%). The Comorian tea could be important in meeting the high demand in the Comoros Islands and other developing countries for cost-effective and natural health-promoting foods and/or beverages to be produced by agri-food industries and used by the local population. This study may promote traditional foods in rural communities in ...
    Keywords traditional herbal tea ; Comoros Islands ; phenolic compounds ; antioxidants ; HPLC ; agrobiodiversity ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Subject code 580 ; 910
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Pulsed Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction as an Alternative Method to Conventional Maceration for the Extraction of the Polyphenolic Fraction of Ribes nigrum Buds

    Federica Turrini / Dario Donno / Gabriele Loris Beccaro / Paola Zunin / Anna Pittaluga / Raffaella Boggia

    Foods, Vol 8, Iss 10, p

    A New Category of Food Supplements Proposed by The FINNOVER Project

    2019  Volume 466

    Abstract: In this research, for the first time, an alternative method to produce Ribes nigrum bud derivatives is presented. Pulsed ultrasound-assisted extraction (PUAE), using a food-grade solvent according to green chemistry principles, has been employed and ... ...

    Abstract In this research, for the first time, an alternative method to produce Ribes nigrum bud derivatives is presented. Pulsed ultrasound-assisted extraction (PUAE), using a food-grade solvent according to green chemistry principles, has been employed and compared to the conventional extraction method. Traditionally, bud derivatives, a category of botanicals marketed as plant food supplements in the European Community, are produced by macerating meristematic tissues of trees and plants mainly spontaneously collected. Buds are a challenging raw material for the UAE, since meristematic tissues are much softer and fragile than their corresponding adult phenological stage. It is therefore important to assess whether the polyphenolic fraction, very susceptible to degradation, is conserved after UAE. Untargeted polyphenolic fingerprints (UV-Visible and fluorescence) coupled with chemometrics are employed to quickly screen the best extraction conditions, evaluated by the design of experiment (DoE) method. The polyphenolic fraction of the optimized PUAE extract was quantified by targeted HPLC fingerprint and its antiradical activity was determined. PUAE on a lab pilot reactor was proven to be the most practical approach for a rapid (20 min vs. 21 days maceration) and efficient extraction of bioactive polyphenolics from Ribes nigrum buds, encouraging the scale up to an industrial plan.
    Keywords phenolic compounds ; bud derivatives ; ribes nigrum glyceric macerate ; green chemistry ; pulsed ultrasound-assisted extraction ; untargeted spectroscopic fingerprint ; targeted chromatographic fingerprint ; Chemical technology ; TP1-1185
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Sustainable Extraction and Use of Natural Bioactive Compounds from the Waste Management Process of Castanea spp. Bud-Derivatives

    Dario Donno / Federica Turrini / Raffaella Boggia / Maddalena Guido / Giovanni Gamba / Maria Gabriella Mellano / Isidoro Riondato / Gabriele L. Beccaro

    Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 10640, p

    The FINNOVER Project

    2020  Volume 10640

    Abstract: The FINNOVER project provides a technical and economic path for the creation of new supply chains, or their development, for the sustainable extraction and utilization of natural biologically active molecules. In this research, a green extraction method ... ...

    Abstract The FINNOVER project provides a technical and economic path for the creation of new supply chains, or their development, for the sustainable extraction and utilization of natural biologically active molecules. In this research, a green extraction method and re-use strategy of botanical by-products are developed and used to obtain value-added products as an ecological alternative to waste composting or incineration. It was applied to the production of Castanea spp. bud-derivatives (a specific category of food supplements derived from plant material) and their by-products. This study aimed to compare the phytochemical composition of Castanea spp. bud-preparations (herbal preparations from buds and sprouts) with the extracts derived from the bud-waste management process. Bioactive compounds were extracted by maceration in hydroglyceroalcoholic solution (traditional method) and by a green extraction technique (Pulsed Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction—PUAE) and identified and quantified by HPLC methods obtaining a specific chromatographic profile. PUAE extracted a total content of 160.42 mg/100 g FW, a good amount if compared to the relative commercial product (1276.17 mg/100 g FW). About 13% of the chemical content of Castanea spp. bud-preparations was maintained in the by-product extracts. This research showed that PUAE may be considered as a sustainable alternative to waste management based on incineration or composting. This study could be considered by the industries for the development of new products for the market derived from the bud-derivative processing waste.
    Keywords chestnut ; bud-preparations ; processing waste ; eco-sustainable extraction ; botanicals ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antidiabetic Activities of Leaves and Stems of Uapaca bojeri Bail. (EUPHORBIACEAE), an Endemic Plant of Madagascar

    Zoarilala Rinah Razafindrakoto / Dario Donno / Nantenaina Tombozara / Harilala Andriamaniraka / Charles Andrianjara / David Ramanitrahasimbola / Gabriele Loris Beccaro

    Pharmaceuticals, Vol 13, Iss 71, p

    2020  Volume 71

    Abstract: Uapaca bojeri is an endemic Malagasy plant used by the local population. This work aimed to evaluate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities of the methanol extracts of U. bojeri leaves and stems and to report their total phenolic ... ...

    Abstract Uapaca bojeri is an endemic Malagasy plant used by the local population. This work aimed to evaluate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities of the methanol extracts of U. bojeri leaves and stems and to report their total phenolic content and the bioactive compound content by HPLC methods. Antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. An in vivo carrageenan-induced paw oedema and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice were used for anti-inflammatory activity evaluation. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in mice to evaluate antidiabetic activity. The total bioactive compound content of leaves was higher than that of stems. Stem methanol extract inhibited the free radical DPPH more than the leaf methanol extract. Leaf methanol extract inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the carrageenan-induced paw oedema more than the stem extract, but their inhibition of the pain symptoms caused an acetic acid-induced decrease similar to the number of writhes in the dose-dependent case. The leaf and stem methanol extracts significantly reduced blood glucose levels after 30 min of glucose loading in mice compared to the control group blood glucose reduction. The presence of several bioactive compounds in U. bojeri contributed to the different biological activities, but isolation and identification of these bioactive molecules are necessary to confirm these pharmacological properties.
    Keywords tapia ; endemism ; pharmacological studies ; HPLC ; phytochemical fingerprint ; Medicine ; R ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Phytochemical Characterization and Bioactivity Evaluation of Autumn Olive ( Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) Pseudodrupes as Potential Sources of Health-Promoting Compounds

    Giovanni Gamba / Dario Donno / Maria Gabriella Mellano / Isidoro Riondato / Marta De Biaggi / Denis Randriamampionona / Gabriele Loris Beccaro

    Applied Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 4354, p

    2020  Volume 4354

    Abstract: Autumn olive ( Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) is a deciduous shrub tree widely distributed in Asia and Southern Europe and grown as ornamental species. It is locally used for human consumption, as relevant medical value is attributed to the berries. ... ...

    Abstract Autumn olive ( Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) is a deciduous shrub tree widely distributed in Asia and Southern Europe and grown as ornamental species. It is locally used for human consumption, as relevant medical value is attributed to the berries. Information about its composition, especially concerning the characterization of bioactive and health-promoting compounds, is limited. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the main bioactive compounds and nutraceutical proprieties of autumn olive fruits, via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint and spectrophotometric analysis, in order to strengthen the knowledge about this underrated species and promote potential applications as a food supplement. Concerning nutraceutical traits, total polyphenolic content (325.366 ± 13.019 mg of gallic acid equivalents (mg GAE)/100 of fresh weight (g FW)) and total anthocyanin content (194.992 ± 0.817 mg of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (mg C3G)/100 g FW) recorded considerable values. The phytochemical fingerprint revealed the presence 23 bioactive compounds. Polyphenols (65.56%) were the largest class, followed by monoterpenes (27.40%) and vitamin C (7.04%). Anthocyanins were the most represented compounds among polyphenols (71.9%). The antioxidant capacity (20.031 ± 1.214 mmol Fe 2+ /kg) was similar to that recorded for other small fruits with proven health-promoting properties. The present work underlined the potential of E. umbellata as a source of health-promoting bioactive compounds. Further studies should deepen the knowledge of nutraceutical aspects, which turned out to be interesting.
    Keywords berry fruit ; antioxidant activity ; anthocyanins ; HPLC fingerprint ; underrated species ; multipurpose tree ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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