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Article: Understanding the Risk of Peri-Implantitis

Das, Dipanjan / Shenoy, Nina / Shetty, Smitha

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU

2023 Volume 14, Issue 01, Page(s) 23–37

Abstract: Although implant therapy has been identified as a successful and predictable treatment for partially and completely edentulous patients, complications and failures can occur. There are two main categories of complications that occur in implant therapy: ... ...

Abstract	Although implant therapy has been identified as a successful and predictable treatment for partially and completely edentulous patients, complications and failures can occur. There are two main categories of complications that occur in implant therapy: biological and technical (mechanical). Peri-implantitis is considered as a biological complication that results in bone loss around implants and may lead to implant treatment failure. Peri-implantitis has become a topic of major interest in contemporary dentistry due to its higher prevalence. Even though the main etiologic agent is bacterial biofilm, a myriad of factors influences the initiation and progression of peri-implant disease. The knowledge of the impact of peri-implantitis on the outcome of treatment with oral implants as well as the identification of risk factors associated with this inflammatory condition is essential for the development of supportive maintenance programs and the establishment of prevention protocols. Thus, this article reviews the recent evidence on the factors that may predispose implants to peri-implantitis.
Keywords	dental implants ; peri-implantitis ; risk factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-14
Publisher	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ISSN	2582-4953 ; 2582-4287
ISSN (online)	2582-4953
ISSN	2582-4287
DOI	10.1055/s-0043-1766125
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article: Peri-Implant Diseases

Das, Dipanjan / Shenoy, Nina

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU

2021 Volume 12, Issue 03, Page(s) 223–229

Abstract: Osseointegrated dental implants have become an increasingly popular modality of treatment for the replacement of absent or lost teeth because of its high rates of long-term survival when used to support various types of dental prostheses. However, ... ...

Abstract	Osseointegrated dental implants have become an increasingly popular modality of treatment for the replacement of absent or lost teeth because of its high rates of long-term survival when used to support various types of dental prostheses. However, complications and implant failure can still occur and are considered by many clinicians as a major obstacle for implant treatment. Biological complications mainly refer to inflammatory conditions of the soft tissues and bone surrounding implants and their restorative components, which are induced by the accumulation of bacterial biofilm. Two clinical varieties may be distinguished: peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Peri-implant mucositis is a reversible, plaque-induced inflammatory lesion confined to the peri-implant soft tissue unit, whereas peri-implantitis is an extension of peri-implant mucositis to involve the bone supporting the implant. Diagnosing and managing these biological complications is of utmost importance for the implant surgeon and dental practitioner. This review encompasses the etiology, diagnostic aspects, prevention, and management of biological complications.
Keywords	peri-implant mucositis ; peri-implantitis ; etiology ; diagnosis ; prevention ; treatment
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-05
Publisher	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ISSN	2582-4953 ; 2582-4287
ISSN (online)	2582-4953
ISSN	2582-4287
DOI	10.1055/s-0041-1736452
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Propagation of Bessel-correlated specular and antispecular beams.

Das, Dipanjan / Halder, Atri / Partanen, Henri / Koivurova, Matias / Turunen, Jari

Optics express

2022 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 5709–5721

Abstract: We address the specular properties of Bessel-correlated fields, generated by illuminating a tilted rotating plane-parallel glass plate with a coherent Gaussian beam and passing the output beam though a mirror-based wavefront folding interferometer. This ... ...

Abstract	We address the specular properties of Bessel-correlated fields, generated by illuminating a tilted rotating plane-parallel glass plate with a coherent Gaussian beam and passing the output beam though a mirror-based wavefront folding interferometer. This device allows us to produce beams whose specular properties are preserved in propagation. In the far zone, the specular nature of these partially coherent fields is shown to produce intensity-profile oscillations in the sub-diffraction-limit scale. The analytical results at various propagation distances are verified experimentally by using another wavefront-folding interferometer for coherence measurements.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1491859-6
ISSN	1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
ISSN (online)	1094-4087
ISSN	1094-4087
DOI	10.1364/OE.452308
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: Unveiling the Risks of NFT Promotion Scams

Roy, Sayak Saha / Das, Dipanjan / Bose, Priyanka / Kruegel, Christopher / Vigna, Giovanni / Nilizadeh, Shirin

2023

Abstract: The rapid growth in popularity and hype surrounding digital assets such as art, video, and music in the form of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has made them a lucrative investment opportunity, with NFT-based sales surpassing $25B in 2021 alone. However, the ... ...

Abstract	The rapid growth in popularity and hype surrounding digital assets such as art, video, and music in the form of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has made them a lucrative investment opportunity, with NFT-based sales surpassing $25B in 2021 alone. However, the volatility and general lack of technical understanding of the NFT ecosystem have led to the spread of various scams. The success of an NFT heavily depends on its online virality. As a result, creators use dedicated promotion services to drive engagement to their projects on social media websites, such as Twitter. However, these services are also utilized by scammers to promote fraudulent projects that attempt to steal users' cryptocurrency assets, thus posing a major threat to the ecosystem of NFT sales. In this paper, we conduct a longitudinal study of 439 promotion services (accounts) on Twitter that have collectively promoted 823 unique NFT projects through giveaway competitions over a period of two months. Our findings reveal that more than 36% of these projects were fraudulent, comprising of phishing, rug pull, and pre-mint scams. We also found that a majority of accounts engaging with these promotions (including those for fraudulent NFT projects) are bots that artificially inflate the popularity of the fraudulent NFT collections by increasing their likes, followers, and retweet counts. This manipulation results in significant engagement from real users, who then invest in these scams. We also identify several shortcomings in existing anti-scam measures, such as blocklists, browser protection tools, and domain hosting services, in detecting NFT-based scams. We utilized our findings to develop a machine learning classifier tool that was able to proactively detect 382 new fraudulent NFT projects on Twitter.
Keywords	Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Computer Science - Computers and Society
Publishing date	2023-01-23
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Exploiting Unfair Advantages

Bose, Priyanka / Das, Dipanjan / Gritti, Fabio / Ruaro, Nicola / Kruegel, Christopher / Vigna, Giovanni

Investigating Opportunistic Trading in the NFT Market

2023

Abstract: As cryptocurrency evolved, new financial instruments, such as lending and borrowing protocols, currency exchanges, fungible and non-fungible tokens (NFT), staking and mining protocols have emerged. A financial ecosystem built on top of a blockchain is ... ...

Abstract	As cryptocurrency evolved, new financial instruments, such as lending and borrowing protocols, currency exchanges, fungible and non-fungible tokens (NFT), staking and mining protocols have emerged. A financial ecosystem built on top of a blockchain is supposed to be fair and transparent for each participating actor. Yet, there are sophisticated actors who turn their domain knowledge and market inefficiencies to their strategic advantage; thus extracting value from trades not accessible to others. This situation is further exacerbated by the fact that blockchain-based markets and decentralized finance (DeFi) instruments are mostly unregulated. Though a large body of work has already studied the unfairness of different aspects of DeFi and cryptocurrency trading, the economic intricacies of non-fungible token (NFT) trades necessitate further analysis and academic scrutiny. The trading volume of NFTs has skyrocketed in recent years. A single NFT trade worth over a million US dollars, or marketplaces making billions in revenue is not uncommon nowadays. While previous research indicated the presence of wrongdoings in the NFT market, to our knowledge, we are the first to study predatory trading practices, what we call opportunistic trading, in depth. Opportunistic traders are sophisticated actors who employ automated, high-frequency NFT trading strategies, which, oftentimes, are malicious, deceptive, or, at the very least, unfair. Such attackers weaponize their advanced technical knowledge and superior understanding of DeFi protocols to disrupt trades of unsuspecting users, and collect profits from economic situations that are inaccessible to ordinary users, in a "supposedly" fair market. In this paper, we explore three such broad classes of opportunistic strategies aiming to realize three distinct trading objectives, viz., acquire, instant profit generation, and loss minimization.
Keywords	Quantitative Finance - Trading and Market Microstructure ; Computer Science - Computational Engineering ; Finance ; and Science
Subject code	381
Publishing date	2023-09-05
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Clinico-microbiological Efficacy of Indocyanine Green as a Novel Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy among Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Split-mouth Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Karmakar, Shaswata / Prakash, Shobha / Jagadeson, Mahesh / Namachivayam, Arunkumar / Das, Dipanjan / Sarkar, Sabourni

Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences

2021 Volume 13, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) S143–S148

Abstract: Objective: Conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy, i.e., scaling and root planing (SRP), is not sufficient to completely eradicate the microorganisms present in dental plaque biofilm due to the incapability of instruments to reach the inaccessible ...

Abstract	Objective: Conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy, i.e., scaling and root planing (SRP), is not sufficient to completely eradicate the microorganisms present in dental plaque biofilm due to the incapability of instruments to reach the inaccessible areas of a tooth with anatomical variations. Hence, to increase the effectiveness of SRP, many adjunctive treatment strategies are proposed, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and microbiological efficacy of PDT using Indocyanine green (ICG) as a novel photosensitizer for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and methods: Twenty individuals who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were enrolled for this randomized controlled clinical trial using split-mouth design. Treatment sites from each individual were randomly allocated into two groups: SRP was done for the sites of the control group and an additional session of PDT using ICG was performed for the sites of the test group. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from both the sites and sent for quantitative analysis of Results: After 3 months, PD and CAL showed statistically significant improvement in the test sites ( Conclusion: ICG as a photosensitizer may enhance the outcomes of SRP and can be used for PDT for the nonsurgical management of periodontal diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-05
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2573569-X
ISSN	0975-7406 ; 0976-4879
ISSN (online)	0975-7406
ISSN	0976-4879
DOI	10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_613_20
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: BLEURT

Sellam, Thibault / Das, Dipanjan / Parikh, Ankur P.

Learning Robust Metrics for Text Generation

2020

Abstract: Text generation has made significant advances in the last few years. Yet, evaluation metrics have lagged behind, as the most popular choices (e.g., BLEU and ROUGE) may correlate poorly with human judgments. We propose BLEURT, a learned evaluation metric ... ...

Abstract	Text generation has made significant advances in the last few years. Yet, evaluation metrics have lagged behind, as the most popular choices (e.g., BLEU and ROUGE) may correlate poorly with human judgments. We propose BLEURT, a learned evaluation metric based on BERT that can model human judgments with a few thousand possibly biased training examples. A key aspect of our approach is a novel pre-training scheme that uses millions of synthetic examples to help the model generalize. BLEURT provides state-of-the-art results on the last three years of the WMT Metrics shared task and the WebNLG Competition dataset. In contrast to a vanilla BERT-based approach, it yields superior results even when the training data is scarce and out-of-distribution. Comment: Accepted at ACL 2020
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language
Publishing date	2020-04-09
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Variational Clustering

Prasad, Vignesh / Das, Dipanjan / Bhowmick, Brojeshwar

Leveraging Variational Autoencoders for Image Clustering

2020

Abstract: Recent advances in deep learning have shown their ability to learn strong feature representations for images. The task of image clustering naturally requires good feature representations to capture the distribution of the data and subsequently ... ...

Abstract	Recent advances in deep learning have shown their ability to learn strong feature representations for images. The task of image clustering naturally requires good feature representations to capture the distribution of the data and subsequently differentiate data points from one another. Often these two aspects are dealt with independently and thus traditional feature learning alone does not suffice in partitioning the data meaningfully. Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) naturally lend themselves to learning data distributions in a latent space. Since we wish to efficiently discriminate between different clusters in the data, we propose a method based on VAEs where we use a Gaussian Mixture prior to help cluster the images accurately. We jointly learn the parameters of both the prior and the posterior distributions. Our method represents a true Gaussian Mixture VAE. This way, our method simultaneously learns a prior that captures the latent distribution of the images and a posterior to help discriminate well between data points. We also propose a novel reparametrization of the latent space consisting of a mixture of discrete and continuous variables. One key takeaway is that our method generalizes better across different datasets without using any pre-training or learnt models, unlike existing methods, allowing it to be trained from scratch in an end-to-end manner. We verify our efficacy and generalizability experimentally by achieving state-of-the-art results among unsupervised methods on a variety of datasets. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to pursue image clustering using VAEs in a purely unsupervised manner on real image datasets.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Subject code	006 ; 004
Publishing date	2020-05-10
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Understanding Security Issues in the NFT Ecosystem

Das, Dipanjan / Bose, Priyanka / Ruaro, Nicola / Kruegel, Christopher / Vigna, Giovanni

2021

Abstract: Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have emerged as a way to collect digital art as well as an investment vehicle. Despite having been popularized only recently, NFT markets have witnessed several high-profile (and high-value) asset sales and a tremendous growth ... ...

Abstract	Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have emerged as a way to collect digital art as well as an investment vehicle. Despite having been popularized only recently, NFT markets have witnessed several high-profile (and high-value) asset sales and a tremendous growth in trading volumes over the last year. Unfortunately, these marketplaces have not yet received much security scrutiny. Instead, most academic research has focused on attacks against decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols and automated techniques to detect smart contract vulnerabilities. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to study the market dynamics and security issues of the multi-billion dollar NFT ecosystem. In this paper, we first present a systematic overview of how the NFT ecosystem works, and we identify three major actors: marketplaces, external entities, and users. We perform an in-depth analysis of the top 8 marketplaces (ranked by transaction volume) to discover potential issues associated with such marketplaces. Many of these issues can lead to substantial financial losses. We also collected a large amount of asset and event data pertaining to the NFTs being traded in the examined marketplaces. We automatically analyze this data to understand how the entities external to the blockchain are able to interfere with NFT markets, leading to serious consequences, and quantify the malicious trading behaviors carried out by users under the cloak of anonymity.
Keywords	Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Subject code	330
Publishing date	2021-11-16
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Increasing Faithfulness in Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue with Controllable Features

Rashkin, Hannah / Reitter, David / Tomar, Gaurav Singh / Das, Dipanjan

2021

Abstract: Knowledge-grounded dialogue systems are intended to convey information that is based on evidence provided in a given source text. We discuss the challenges of training a generative neural dialogue model for such systems that is controlled to stay ... ...

Abstract	Knowledge-grounded dialogue systems are intended to convey information that is based on evidence provided in a given source text. We discuss the challenges of training a generative neural dialogue model for such systems that is controlled to stay faithful to the evidence. Existing datasets contain a mix of conversational responses that are faithful to selected evidence as well as more subjective or chit-chat style responses. We propose different evaluation measures to disentangle these different styles of responses by quantifying the informativeness and objectivity. At training time, additional inputs based on these evaluation measures are given to the dialogue model. At generation time, these additional inputs act as stylistic controls that encourage the model to generate responses that are faithful to the provided evidence. We also investigate the usage of additional controls at decoding time using resampling techniques. In addition to automatic metrics, we perform a human evaluation study where raters judge the output of these controlled generation models to be generally more objective and faithful to the evidence compared to baseline dialogue systems. Comment: ACL 2021
Keywords	Computer Science - Computation and Language
Publishing date	2021-07-14
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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