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Article ; Online: An iso-15 : 0 O-alkylglycerol moiety is the key structure of the E-signal in Myxococcus xanthus.

Ahrendt, Tilman / Dauth, Christina / Bode, Helge B

2015 Volume 162, Issue 1, Page(s) 138–144

Abstract: The E-signal is one of five intercellular signals (named A- to E-signal) guiding fruiting body development in Myxococcus xanthus, and it has been shown to be a combination of the branched-chain fatty acid (FA) iso-15 : 0 and the diacylmonoalkyl ether ... ...

Abstract	The E-signal is one of five intercellular signals (named A- to E-signal) guiding fruiting body development in Myxococcus xanthus, and it has been shown to be a combination of the branched-chain fatty acid (FA) iso-15 : 0 and the diacylmonoalkyl ether lipid TG1. Developmental mutants HB015 (Δbkd MXAN_4265::kan) and elbD (MXAN_1528::kan) are blocked at different stages of fruiting body and spore formation as they cannot form the required iso-FA or the actual ether lipid, respectively. In order to define the structural basis of the E-signal, different mono- and triglycerides containing ether or ester bonds were synthesized and used for complementation of these mutants. Here, the monoalkylglyceride dl-1-O-(13-methyltetradecyl)glycerol exhibited comparably high levels of complementation in both mutants, restoring fruiting body and spore formation, identifying iso-15 : 0 O-alkylglycerol, part of the natural lipid TG1, as the 'signalophore' of E-signalling.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/chemistry ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Myxococcus xanthus/chemistry ; Myxococcus xanthus/genetics ; Myxococcus xanthus/growth & development ; Myxococcus xanthus/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spores, Bacterial/chemistry ; Spores, Bacterial/genetics ; Spores, Bacterial/growth & development ; Spores, Bacterial/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; Fatty Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1180712-x
ISSN	1465-2080 ; 1350-0872
ISSN (online)	1465-2080
ISSN	1350-0872
DOI	10.1099/mic.0.000169
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Article: Two Lipid Signals Guide Fruiting Body Development of Myxococcus xanthus

Bhat, Swapna / Ahrendt, Tilman / Dauth, Christina / Bode, Helge B / Shimkets, Lawrence J

mBio. 2014 Feb. 28, v. 5, no. 1

2014

Abstract: Myxococcus xanthus produces several extracellular signals that guide fruiting body morphogenesis and spore differentiation. Mutants defective in producing a signal may be rescued by codevelopment with wild-type cells or cell fractions containing the ... ...

Abstract	Myxococcus xanthus produces several extracellular signals that guide fruiting body morphogenesis and spore differentiation. Mutants defective in producing a signal may be rescued by codevelopment with wild-type cells or cell fractions containing the signal. In this paper, we identify two molecules that rescue development of the E signal-deficient mutant LS1191 at physiological concentrations, iso 15:0 branched-chain fatty acid (FA) and 1- iso 15:0-alkyl-2,3-di- iso 15:0-acyl glycerol (TG1), a development-specific monoalkyl-diacylglycerol. The physiological concentrations of the bioactive lipids were determined by mass spectrometry from developing wild-type cells using chemically synthesized standards. Synthetic TG1 restored fruiting body morphogenesis and sporulation and activated the expression of the developmentally regulated gene with locus tag MXAN_2146 at physiological concentrations, unlike its nearly identical tri- iso 15:0 triacylglycerol (TAG) counterpart, which has an ester linkage instead of an ether linkage. iso 15:0 FA restored development at physiological concentrations, unlike palmitic acid, a straight-chain fatty acid. The addition of either lipid stimulates cell shortening, with an 87% decline in membrane surface area, concomitantly with the production of lipid bodies at each cell pole and in the center of the cell. We suggest that cells produce triacylglycerol from membrane phospholipids. Bioactive lipids may be released by p rogrammed c ell d eath (PCD), which claims up to 80% of developing cells, since cells undergoing PCD produce lipid bodies before lysing. IMPORTANCE Like mammalian adipose tissue, many of the M. xanthus lipid body lipids are triacylglycerols (TAGs), containing ester-linked fatty acids. In both systems, ester-linked fatty acids are retrieved from TAGs with lipases and consumed by the fatty acid degradation cycle. Both mammals and M. xanthus also produce lipids containing ether-linked fatty alcohols with alkyl or vinyl linkages, such as plasmalogens. Alkyl and vinyl linkages are not hydrolyzed by lipases, and no clear role has emerged for lipids bearing them. For example, plasmalogen deficiency in mice has detrimental consequences to spermatocyte development, myelination, axonal survival, eye development, and long-term survival, though the precise reasons remain elusive. Lipids containing alkyl- and vinyl-linked fatty alcohols are development-specific products in M. xanthus . Here, we show that one of them rescues the development of E signal-producing mutants at physiological concentrations.
Keywords	Myxococcus xanthus ; bioactive properties ; body fat ; branched chain fatty acids ; fatty alcohols ; fruiting bodies ; genes ; lipid bodies ; loci ; mass spectrometry ; morphogenesis ; mutants ; palmitic acid ; phospholipids ; spores ; sporulation ; surface area ; triacylglycerol lipase ; triacylglycerols
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-0228
Size	p. e00939-13.
Publishing place	American Society for Microbiology
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2557172-2
ISSN	2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
ISSN (online)	2150-7511
ISSN	2161-2129
DOI	10.1128/mBio.00939-13
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Two lipid signals guide fruiting body development of Myxococcus xanthus.

Bhat, Swapna / Ahrendt, Tilman / Dauth, Christina / Bode, Helge B / Shimkets, Lawrence J

mBio

2014 Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) e00939–13

Abstract: Unlabelled: Myxococcus xanthus produces several extracellular signals that guide fruiting body morphogenesis and spore differentiation. Mutants defective in producing a signal may be rescued by codevelopment with wild-type cells or cell fractions ... ...

Abstract	Unlabelled: Myxococcus xanthus produces several extracellular signals that guide fruiting body morphogenesis and spore differentiation. Mutants defective in producing a signal may be rescued by codevelopment with wild-type cells or cell fractions containing the signal. In this paper, we identify two molecules that rescue development of the E signal-deficient mutant LS1191 at physiological concentrations, iso15:0 branched-chain fatty acid (FA) and 1-iso15:0-alkyl-2,3-di-iso15:0-acyl glycerol (TG1), a development-specific monoalkyl-diacylglycerol. The physiological concentrations of the bioactive lipids were determined by mass spectrometry from developing wild-type cells using chemically synthesized standards. Synthetic TG1 restored fruiting body morphogenesis and sporulation and activated the expression of the developmentally regulated gene with locus tag MXAN_2146 at physiological concentrations, unlike its nearly identical tri-iso15:0 triacylglycerol (TAG) counterpart, which has an ester linkage instead of an ether linkage. iso15:0 FA restored development at physiological concentrations, unlike palmitic acid, a straight-chain fatty acid. The addition of either lipid stimulates cell shortening, with an 87% decline in membrane surface area, concomitantly with the production of lipid bodies at each cell pole and in the center of the cell. We suggest that cells produce triacylglycerol from membrane phospholipids. Bioactive lipids may be released by programmed cell death (PCD), which claims up to 80% of developing cells, since cells undergoing PCD produce lipid bodies before lysing. Importance: Like mammalian adipose tissue, many of the M. xanthus lipid body lipids are triacylglycerols (TAGs), containing ester-linked fatty acids. In both systems, ester-linked fatty acids are retrieved from TAGs with lipases and consumed by the fatty acid degradation cycle. Both mammals and M. xanthus also produce lipids containing ether-linked fatty alcohols with alkyl or vinyl linkages, such as plasmalogens. Alkyl and vinyl linkages are not hydrolyzed by lipases, and no clear role has emerged for lipids bearing them. For example, plasmalogen deficiency in mice has detrimental consequences to spermatocyte development, myelination, axonal survival, eye development, and long-term survival, though the precise reasons remain elusive. Lipids containing alkyl- and vinyl-linked fatty alcohols are development-specific products in M. xanthus. Here, we show that one of them rescues the development of E signal-producing mutants at physiological concentrations.
MeSH term(s)	Lipid Metabolism ; Lipids/chemistry ; Lipids/isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Myxococcus xanthus/growth & development ; Signal Transduction ; Spores, Bacterial/growth & development
Chemical Substances	Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-02-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2557172-2
ISSN	2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
ISSN (online)	2150-7511
ISSN	2161-2129
DOI	10.1128/mBio.00939-13
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Article ; Online: Characterization of a novel type of oxidative decarboxylase involved in the biosynthesis of the styryl moiety of chondrochloren from an acylated tyrosine.

Rachid, Shwan / Revermann, Ole / Dauth, Christina / Kazmaier, Uli / Müller, Rolf

The Journal of biological chemistry

2010 Volume 285, Issue 17, Page(s) 12482–12489

Abstract: Myxobacteria are soil-dwelling bacteria notable for several unique behavioral features, such as cellular movement by gliding and the formation of multicellular fruiting bodies. More recently they have gained recognition as producers of several unique ... ...

Abstract	Myxobacteria are soil-dwelling bacteria notable for several unique behavioral features, such as cellular movement by gliding and the formation of multicellular fruiting bodies. More recently they have gained recognition as producers of several unique polyketide and nonribosomal polypeptide metabolites with potential therapeutic value. The biosynthesis of these compounds often involves highly unusual mechanisms including the formation of the chloro-hydroxy-styryl moiety of the chondrochloren antibiotic produced by Chondromyces crocatus Cm c5. Here it is shown that the final product of the chondrochloren megasynthetase is the novel natural product pre-chondrochloren, a carboxylated and saturated derivative of chondrochloren. This compound was isolated from strains harboring mutants of a hypothetical oxidative decarboxylase (CndG) identified in the chondrochloren gene cluster. CndG was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to be an FAD-dependent oxidative decarboxylase. Biochemical characterization of the protein was achieved using the intermediate described above as the substrate and yielded chondrochloren by oxidative decarboxylation. It was also demonstrated that the CndG post-assembly line modification of pre-chondrochloren is essential for the biological activity of chondrochloren.
MeSH term(s)	Aniline Compounds/metabolism ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Carboxy-Lyases/chemistry ; Carboxy-Lyases/genetics ; Carboxy-Lyases/metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/chemistry ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/genetics ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Multigene Family/physiology ; Mutation ; Myxococcales/enzymology ; Myxococcales/genetics ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Aniline Compounds ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Proteins ; Recombinant Proteins ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide (146-14-5) ; Carboxy-Lyases (EC 4.1.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-01-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2997-x
ISSN	1083-351X ; 0021-9258
ISSN (online)	1083-351X
ISSN	0021-9258
DOI	10.1074/jbc.M109.079707
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Article ; Online: Simple "on-demand" production of bioactive natural products.

Bode, Edna / Brachmann, Alexander O / Kegler, Carsten / Simsek, Rukayye / Dauth, Christina / Zhou, Qiuqin / Kaiser, Marcel / Klemmt, Petra / Bode, Helge B

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology

2015 Volume 16, Issue 7, Page(s) 1115–1119

Abstract: Exchange of the native promoter to the arabinose-inducible promoter PBAD was established in entomopathogenic bacteria to silence and/or activate gene clusters involved in natural product biosynthesis. This allowed the "on-demand" production of ... ...

Abstract	Exchange of the native promoter to the arabinose-inducible promoter PBAD was established in entomopathogenic bacteria to silence and/or activate gene clusters involved in natural product biosynthesis. This allowed the "on-demand" production of GameXPeptides, xenoamicins, and the blue pigment indigoidine. The gene clusters for the novel "mevalagmapeptides" and the highly toxic xenorhabdins were identified by this approach.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arabinose/pharmacology ; Biological Products/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Genetic Engineering/methods ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Photorhabdus/drug effects ; Photorhabdus/genetics ; Photorhabdus/metabolism ; Plasmids/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Rats ; Xenorhabdus/drug effects ; Xenorhabdus/genetics ; Xenorhabdus/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Biological Products ; Arabinose (B40ROO395Z)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-05-04
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2020469-3
ISSN	1439-7633 ; 1439-4227
ISSN (online)	1439-7633
ISSN	1439-4227
DOI	10.1002/cbic.201500094
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Article ; Online: Insect-specific production of new GameXPeptides in photorhabdus luminescens TTO1, widespread natural products in entomopathogenic bacteria.

Nollmann, Friederike I / Dauth, Christina / Mulley, Geraldine / Kegler, Carsten / Kaiser, Marcel / Waterfield, Nick R / Bode, Helge B

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology

2015 Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 205–208

Abstract: Discovery of new natural products by heterologous expression reaches its limits, especially when specific building blocks are missing in the heterologous host or the production medium. Here, we describe the insect-specific production of the new ... ...

Abstract	Discovery of new natural products by heterologous expression reaches its limits, especially when specific building blocks are missing in the heterologous host or the production medium. Here, we describe the insect-specific production of the new GameXPeptides E-H (5-8) from Photorhabdus luminescens TTO1, which can be produced heterologously from expression of the GameXPeptide synthetase GxpS only upon supplementation of the production media with the missing building blocks, and thus must be regarded as the true natural products under natural conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Larva/microbiology ; Moths/microbiology ; Multigene Family ; Mutation ; Peptide Synthases/genetics ; Peptide Synthases/metabolism ; Peptides/chemistry ; Peptides/metabolism ; Photorhabdus/chemistry ; Photorhabdus/genetics ; Photorhabdus/metabolism ; Protein Engineering/methods ; Secondary Metabolism
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; Peptides ; Peptide Synthases (EC 6.3.2.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-19
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2020469-3
ISSN	1439-7633 ; 1439-4227
ISSN (online)	1439-7633
ISSN	1439-4227
DOI	10.1002/cbic.201402603
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Article: Characterization of a Novel Type of Oxidative Decarboxylase Involved in the Biosynthesis of the Styryl Moiety of Chondrochloren from an Acylated Tyrosine

Rachid, Shwan / Revermann, Ole / Dauth, Christina / Kazmaier, Uli / Müller, Rolf

Journal of biological chemistry. 2010 Apr. 23, v. 285, no. 17

2010

Abstract	Myxobacteria are soil-dwelling bacteria notable for several unique behavioral features, such as cellular movement by gliding and the formation of multicellular fruiting bodies. More recently they have gained recognition as producers of several unique polyketide and nonribosomal polypeptide metabolites with potential therapeutic value. The biosynthesis of these compounds often involves highly unusual mechanisms including the formation of the chloro-hydroxy-styryl moiety of the chondrochloren antibiotic produced by Chondromyces crocatus Cm c5. Here it is shown that the final product of the chondrochloren megasynthetase is the novel natural product pre-chondrochloren, a carboxylated and saturated derivative of chondrochloren. This compound was isolated from strains harboring mutants of a hypothetical oxidative decarboxylase (CndG) identified in the chondrochloren gene cluster. CndG was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to be an FAD-dependent oxidative decarboxylase. Biochemical characterization of the protein was achieved using the intermediate described above as the substrate and yielded chondrochloren by oxidative decarboxylation. It was also demonstrated that the CndG post-assembly line modification of pre-chondrochloren is essential for the biological activity of chondrochloren.
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-0423
Size	p. 12482-12489.
Publishing place	American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2997-x
ISSN	1083-351X ; 0021-9258
ISSN (online)	1083-351X
ISSN	0021-9258
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Article ; Online: Determination of the absolute configuration of peptide natural products by using stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry.

Bode, Helge B / Reimer, Daniela / Fuchs, Sebastian W / Kirchner, Ferdinand / Dauth, Christina / Kegler, Carsten / Lorenzen, Wolfram / Brachmann, Alexander O / Grün, Peter

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)

2012 Volume 18, Issue 8, Page(s) 2342–2348

Abstract: Structure elucidation of natural products including the absolute configuration is a complex task that involves different analytical methods like mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and chemical derivation, which are usually performed after the isolation ...

Abstract	Structure elucidation of natural products including the absolute configuration is a complex task that involves different analytical methods like mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and chemical derivation, which are usually performed after the isolation of the compound of interest. Here, a combination of stable isotope labeling of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus strains and their transaminase mutants followed by detailed MS analysis enabled the structure elucidation of novel cyclopeptides named GameXPeptides including their absolute configuration in crude extracts without their actual isolation.
MeSH term(s)	Biological Products/chemistry ; Isotope Labeling/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Peptides/chemistry ; Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry ; Stereoisomerism
Chemical Substances	Biological Products ; Peptides ; Peptides, Cyclic
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-02-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1478547-x
ISSN	1521-3765 ; 0947-6539
ISSN (online)	1521-3765
ISSN	0947-6539
DOI	10.1002/chem.201103479
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Article ; Online: Structure Elucidation and Activity of Kolossin A, the D-/L-Pentadecapeptide Product of a Giant Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase.

Bode, Helge B / Brachmann, Alexander O / Jadhav, Kirtikumar B / Seyfarth, Lydia / Dauth, Christina / Fuchs, Sebastian W / Kaiser, Marcel / Waterfield, Nick R / Sack, Holger / Heinemann, Stefan H / Arndt, Hans-Dieter

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

2015 Volume 54, Issue 35, Page(s) 10352–10355

Abstract: The largest continuous bacterial nonribosomal peptide synthetase discovered so far is described. It consists of 15 consecutive modules arising from an uninterrupted, fully functional gene in the entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. The ... ...

Abstract	The largest continuous bacterial nonribosomal peptide synthetase discovered so far is described. It consists of 15 consecutive modules arising from an uninterrupted, fully functional gene in the entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens. The identification of its cryptic biosynthesis product was achieved by using a combination of genome analysis, promoter exchange, isotopic labeling experiments, and total synthesis of a focused collection of peptide candidates. Although it belongs to the growing class of D-/ L-peptide natural products, the encoded metabolite kolossin A was found to be largely devoid of antibiotic activity and is likely involved in interspecies communication. A stereoisomer of this peculiar natural product displayed high activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, a recalcitrant parasite that causes the deadly disease African sleeping sickness.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Peptide Synthases/chemistry ; Peptide Synthases/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense/drug effects ; Trypanosomiasis, African/drug therapy ; Trypanosomiasis, African/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Proteins ; Peptide Fragments ; Peptide Synthases (EC 6.3.2.-) ; non-ribosomal peptide synthase (EC 6.3.2.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2011836-3
ISSN	1521-3773 ; 1433-7851
ISSN (online)	1521-3773
ISSN	1433-7851
DOI	10.1002/anie.201502835
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Article: Synthesis and stereochemical assignment of DNA spore photoproduct analogues.

Friedel, Marcus G / Pieck, J Carsten / Klages, Jochen / Dauth, Christina / Kessler, Horst / Carell, Thomas

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)

2006 Volume 12, Issue 23, Page(s) 6081–6094

Abstract: Investigation of the DNA repair process performed by the spore photoproduct (SP) lyase repair enzyme is strongly hampered by the lack of defined substrates needed for detailed enzymatic studies. The problem is particularly severe because the repair ... ...

Abstract	Investigation of the DNA repair process performed by the spore photoproduct (SP) lyase repair enzyme is strongly hampered by the lack of defined substrates needed for detailed enzymatic studies. The problem is particularly severe because the repair enzyme belongs to the class of strongly oxygen-sensitive radical (S)-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes, which are notoriously difficult to handle. We report the synthesis of the spore photoproduct analogues 1 a and 1 b, which have open backbones and are diastereoisomers. In order to solve the problem of stereochemical assignment, two further derivatives 2 a and 2 b with closed backbones were prepared. The key step of the synthesis of 2 a/b is a metathesis-based macrocyclization that strongly increases the conformational rigidity of the synthetic spore photoproduct derivatives. NOESY experiments of the cyclic isomers furnished a clear cross-peak pattern that allowed the unequivocal assignment of the stereochemistry. The results were transferred to the data for isomers 1 a and 1 b, which were subsequently used for enzymatic-repair studies. These studies were performed with the novel spore photoproduct lyase repair enzyme from Geobacillus stearothermophilus. The studies showed an accordance with a recent investigation performed by us with the spore photoproduct lyase from Bacillus subtilis, in that only the S isomer 1 a is recognized and repaired. The ability to prepare a defined functioning substrate now paves the way for detailed enzymatic studies of the SP-lyase lesion recognition and repair process.
MeSH term(s)	Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Proteins/chemistry ; Stereoisomerism ; Thymidine/analogs & derivatives ; Thymidine/chemistry ; Ultraviolet Rays
Chemical Substances	Proteins ; spore photoproduct lyase (EC 4.1.99.-) ; Thymidine (VC2W18DGKR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-08-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1478547-x
ISSN	1521-3765 ; 0947-6539
ISSN (online)	1521-3765
ISSN	0947-6539
DOI	10.1002/chem.200600169
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