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Article ; Online: Mountain Watch

Clinton Carbutt / Dave I. Thompson

Land, Vol 10, Iss 1024, p

How LT(S)ER Is Safeguarding Southern Africa’s People and Biodiversity for a Sustainable Mountain Future

2021 Volume 1024

Abstract: Southern Africa is an exceptionally diverse region with an ancient geologic and climatic history. Its mountains are located in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes at a tropical–temperate interface, offering a rare opportunity to contextualise and frame ...

Abstract	Southern Africa is an exceptionally diverse region with an ancient geologic and climatic history. Its mountains are located in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes at a tropical–temperate interface, offering a rare opportunity to contextualise and frame our research from an austral perspective to balance the global narrative around sustainable mountain futures for people and biodiversity. Limited Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) was initiated more than a century ago in South Africa to optimise catchment management through sound water policy. The South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) has resurrected many government LTER programmes and added observatories representative of the country’s heterogeneous zonobiomes, including its mountain regions. LTER in other Southern African mountains is largely absent. The current rollout of the Expanded Freshwater and Terrestrial Environmental Observation Network (EFTEON) and the Southern African chapters of international programmes such as the Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA), RangeX, and the Global Soil Biodiversity Observation Network (Soil BON), as well as the expansion of the Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN), is ushering in a renaissance period of global change research in the region, which takes greater cognisance of its social context. This diversity of initiatives will generate a more robust knowledge base from which to draw conclusions about how to better safeguard the well-being of people and biodiversity in the region and help balance livelihoods and environmental sustainability in our complex, third-world socio-ecological mountain systems.
Keywords	alpine and montane ecosystems ; austral perspective ; environmental sustainability ; global change ; long-term research ; mountain observatories ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	333 ; 910
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: RAAS Blockade and COVID-19: Mechanistic Modeling of Mas and AT1 Receptor Occupancy as Indicators of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Balance.

Melissa Hallow, Karen / Dave, Ishaan

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

2021 Volume 109, Issue 4, Page(s) 1092–1103

Abstract: ACE inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are standard-of-care treatments for hypertension and diabetes, common comorbidities among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Their use in the setting of COVID-19 ...

Abstract	ACE inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are standard-of-care treatments for hypertension and diabetes, common comorbidities among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Their use in the setting of COVID-19 has been heavily debated due to potential interactions with ACE2, an enzyme that links the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory arms of the renin angiotensin system, but also the entryway by which severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) invades cells. ACE2 expression is altered by age, hypertension, diabetes, and the virus itself. This study integrated available information about the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and effects of SARS-CoV-2 and its comorbidities on ACE2 into a mechanistic mathematical model and aimed to quantitatively predict effects of ACEi/ARBs on the RAAS pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance. RAAS blockade prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection is predicted to increase the mas-AT1 receptor occupancy ratio up to 20-fold, indicating that in patients already taking an ACEi/ARB before infection, the anti-inflammatory arm is already elevated while the pro-inflammatory arm is suppressed. Predicted pro-inflammatory shifts in the mas-AT1 ratio due to ACE2 downregulation by SARS-CoV-2 were small relative to anti-inflammatory shifts induced by ACEi/ARB. Predicted effects of changes in ACE2 expression with comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, or aging on mas-AT1 occupancy ratio were also relatively small. Last, predicted changes in the angiotensin (Ang(1-7)) production rate with ACEi/ARB therapy, comorbidities, or infection were all small relative to exogenous Ang(1-7) infusion rates shown experimentally to protect against acute lung injury, suggesting that any changes in the ACE2-Ang(1-7)-mas arm may not be large enough to play a major role in COVID-19 pathophysiology.
MeSH term(s)	Age Factors ; Aging/physiology ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; COVID-19/physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Models, Theoretical ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/physiology ; Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Inflammation Mediators ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	123793-7
ISSN	1532-6535 ; 0009-9236
ISSN (online)	1532-6535
ISSN	0009-9236
DOI	10.1002/cpt.2177
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Article: Mountain Watch: How LT(S)ER Is Safeguarding Southern Africa’s People and Biodiversity for a Sustainable Mountain Future

Carbutt, Clinton / Thompson, Dave I.

Land. 2021 Sept. 30, v. 10, no. 10

2021

Abstract	Southern Africa is an exceptionally diverse region with an ancient geologic and climatic history. Its mountains are located in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes at a tropical–temperate interface, offering a rare opportunity to contextualise and frame our research from an austral perspective to balance the global narrative around sustainable mountain futures for people and biodiversity. Limited Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) was initiated more than a century ago in South Africa to optimise catchment management through sound water policy. The South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) has resurrected many government LTER programmes and added observatories representative of the country’s heterogeneous zonobiomes, including its mountain regions. LTER in other Southern African mountains is largely absent. The current rollout of the Expanded Freshwater and Terrestrial Environmental Observation Network (EFTEON) and the Southern African chapters of international programmes such as the Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA), RangeX, and the Global Soil Biodiversity Observation Network (Soil BON), as well as the expansion of the Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN), is ushering in a renaissance period of global change research in the region, which takes greater cognisance of its social context. This diversity of initiatives will generate a more robust knowledge base from which to draw conclusions about how to better safeguard the well-being of people and biodiversity in the region and help balance livelihoods and environmental sustainability in our complex, third-world socio-ecological mountain systems.
Keywords	biodiversity ; environmental sustainability ; freshwater ; global change ; land ; latitude ; people ; soil ; water policy ; watershed management ; South Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0930
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2682955-1
ISSN	2073-445X
ISSN	2073-445X
DOI	10.3390/land10101024
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book ; Online: Egocentric RGB+Depth Action Recognition in Industry-Like Settings

Kini, Jyoti / Fleischer, Sarah / Dave, Ishan / Shah, Mubarak

2023

Abstract: Action recognition from an egocentric viewpoint is a crucial perception task in robotics and enables a wide range of human-robot interactions. While most computer vision approaches prioritize the RGB camera, the Depth modality - which can further amplify ...

Abstract	Action recognition from an egocentric viewpoint is a crucial perception task in robotics and enables a wide range of human-robot interactions. While most computer vision approaches prioritize the RGB camera, the Depth modality - which can further amplify the subtleties of actions from an egocentric perspective - remains underexplored. Our work focuses on recognizing actions from egocentric RGB and Depth modalities in an industry-like environment. To study this problem, we consider the recent MECCANO dataset, which provides a wide range of assembling actions. Our framework is based on the 3D Video SWIN Transformer to encode both RGB and Depth modalities effectively. To address the inherent skewness in real-world multimodal action occurrences, we propose a training strategy using an exponentially decaying variant of the focal loss modulating factor. Additionally, to leverage the information in both RGB and Depth modalities, we opt for late fusion to combine the predictions from each modality. We thoroughly evaluate our method on the action recognition task of the MECCANO dataset, and it significantly outperforms the prior work. Notably, our method also secured first place at the multimodal action recognition challenge at ICIAP 2023.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Subject code	004
Publishing date	2023-09-25
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Ensemble Modeling for Multimodal Visual Action Recognition

Kini, Jyoti / Fleischer, Sarah / Dave, Ishan / Shah, Mubarak

2023

Abstract: In this work, we propose an ensemble modeling approach for multimodal action recognition. We independently train individual modality models using a variant of focal loss tailored to handle the long-tailed distribution of the MECCANO [21] dataset. Based ... ...

Abstract	In this work, we propose an ensemble modeling approach for multimodal action recognition. We independently train individual modality models using a variant of focal loss tailored to handle the long-tailed distribution of the MECCANO [21] dataset. Based on the underlying principle of focal loss, which captures the relationship between tail (scarce) classes and their prediction difficulties, we propose an exponentially decaying variant of focal loss for our current task. It initially emphasizes learning from the hard misclassified examples and gradually adapts to the entire range of examples in the dataset. This annealing process encourages the model to strike a balance between focusing on the sparse set of hard samples, while still leveraging the information provided by the easier ones. Additionally, we opt for the late fusion strategy to combine the resultant probability distributions from RGB and Depth modalities for final action prediction. Experimental evaluations on the MECCANO dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Comment: 22nd International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing Workshops - Multimodal Action Recognition on the MECCANO Dataset, 2023
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-08-10
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Integrating herbivore assemblages and woody plant cover in an African savanna to reveal how herbivores respond to ecosystem management.

Melissa H Schmitt / Keenan Stears / Mary K Donovan / Deron E Burkepile / Dave I Thompson

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 8, p e

2022 Volume 0273917

Abstract: African savannas are experiencing anthropogenically-induced stressors that are accelerating the increase of woody vegetation cover. To combat this, land managers frequently implement large-scale clearing of trees, which can have a cascading influence on ... ...

Abstract	African savannas are experiencing anthropogenically-induced stressors that are accelerating the increase of woody vegetation cover. To combat this, land managers frequently implement large-scale clearing of trees, which can have a cascading influence on mammalian herbivores. Studies rarely focus on how differences in woody cover influence the herbivore assemblage, making it difficult to assess how aggressive measures, or the lack of management, to counteract increasing woody cover affect the local composition and biodiversity of herbivores. We address this knowledge gap by applying a model-based clustering approach to field observations from MalaMala Game Reserve, South Africa to identify multiple herbivore-vegetation 'configurations,' defined as unique sets of herbivore assemblages (i.e., groups of herbivores) associated with differing woody plant covers. Our approach delineated how tree-clearing influences the distribution and abundance of the herbivore community in relation to surrounding savanna areas, which represent a natural mosaic of varying woody cover. Regardless of season, both intensively managed areas cleared of trees and unmanaged areas with high tree cover contained configurations that had depauperate assemblages of herbivores (low species richness, low abundance). By contrast, habitats with intermediate cover of woody vegetation had much higher richness and abundance. These results have substantial implications for managing African savannas in a rapidly changing climate.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Online: Baba is Y'all 2.0

Charity, M / Dave, Isha / Khalifa, Ahmed / Togelius, Julian

Design and Investigation of a Collaborative Mixed-Initiative System

2022

Abstract: This paper describes a new version of the mixed-initiative collaborative level designing system: Baba is Y'all, as well as the results of a user study on the system. Baba is Y'all is a prototype for AI-assisted game design in collaboration with others. ... ...

Abstract	This paper describes a new version of the mixed-initiative collaborative level designing system: Baba is Y'all, as well as the results of a user study on the system. Baba is Y'all is a prototype for AI-assisted game design in collaboration with others. The updated version includes a more user-friendly interface, a better level-evolver and recommendation system, and extended site features. The system was evaluated via a user study where participants were required to play a previously submitted level from the site and then create their own levels using the editor. They reported on their individual process creating the level and their overall experience interacting with the site. The results have shown both the benefits and limitations of a mixed-initiative system and how it can help with creating a diversity of `Baba is You' levels that are both human and AI designed while maintaining their quality. Comment: 13 pages
Keywords	Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Subject code	302
Publishing date	2022-03-03
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Chemical cardioversion of atrial flutter and fibrillation in the pediatric population with Ibutilide.

Dasgupta, Soham / Dave, Ishaan / Whitehill, Robert / Fischbach, Peter

Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE

2020 Volume 43, Issue 3, Page(s) 322–326

Abstract: Introduction: Atrial flutter (AFL) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are common in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease and structurally normal hearts as well. Chemical cardioversion is attractive for patients with AFL/AF for a short period of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Atrial flutter (AFL) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are common in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease and structurally normal hearts as well. Chemical cardioversion is attractive for patients with AFL/AF for a short period of time because of the ability to avoid sedation. We review a single center's experience with Ibutilide in pediatric patients in an effort to report on its safety and efficacy. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients (0-21 years) who underwent chemical cardioversion for AFL/AF with Ibutilide (January 2011-February 2019). Patients on another antiarrhythmic medication or attempted chemical cardioversion with another drug were excluded. Results: There were 21 patients who met inclusion criteria. Thirteen of the 21 (62%) patients were successfully cardioverted with Ibutilide (10 out of 13 had AF and four out of 13 required a second dose). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between those who were successfully cardioverted compared to those who were not. Administration of magnesium prior to administration did not appear to have an effect on the success rate. There was a significant increase in rate corrected QT interval (QTc) post Ibutilide administration, which returned to baseline prior to discharge. One patient had symptomatic bradycardia needing intravenous fluids and another had torsades requiring electrical cardioversion during Ibutilide administration. Conclusions: The success rate of chemical cardioversion with Ibutilide was similar in our experience as compared to studies in the adult population and the other lone pediatric study. Although adverse events were uncommon, Ibutilide administration warrants close monitoring and fully defining its efficacy warrants further pediatric experience.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy ; Atrial Flutter/drug therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital/drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sulfonamides/therapeutic use ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Sulfonamides ; ibutilide (2436VX1U9B)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424437-0
ISSN	1540-8159 ; 0147-8389
ISSN (online)	1540-8159
ISSN	0147-8389
DOI	10.1111/pace.13890
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Integrating herbivore assemblages and woody plant cover in an African savanna to reveal how herbivores respond to ecosystem management.

Schmitt, Melissa H / Stears, Keenan / Donovan, Mary K / Burkepile, Deron E / Thompson, Dave I

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) e0273917

Abstract	African savannas are experiencing anthropogenically-induced stressors that are accelerating the increase of woody vegetation cover. To combat this, land managers frequently implement large-scale clearing of trees, which can have a cascading influence on mammalian herbivores. Studies rarely focus on how differences in woody cover influence the herbivore assemblage, making it difficult to assess how aggressive measures, or the lack of management, to counteract increasing woody cover affect the local composition and biodiversity of herbivores. We address this knowledge gap by applying a model-based clustering approach to field observations from MalaMala Game Reserve, South Africa to identify multiple herbivore-vegetation 'configurations,' defined as unique sets of herbivore assemblages (i.e., groups of herbivores) associated with differing woody plant covers. Our approach delineated how tree-clearing influences the distribution and abundance of the herbivore community in relation to surrounding savanna areas, which represent a natural mosaic of varying woody cover. Regardless of season, both intensively managed areas cleared of trees and unmanaged areas with high tree cover contained configurations that had depauperate assemblages of herbivores (low species richness, low abundance). By contrast, habitats with intermediate cover of woody vegetation had much higher richness and abundance. These results have substantial implications for managing African savannas in a rapidly changing climate.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ecosystem ; Grassland ; Herbivory ; Mammals ; Trees ; Wood
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0273917
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A generalized phase resetting method for phase-locked modes prediction.

Oprisan, Sorinel A / Austin, Dave I

PloS one

2017 Volume 12, Issue 3, Page(s) e0174304

Abstract: We derived analytically and checked numerically a set of novel conditions for the existence and the stability of phase-locked modes in a biologically relevant master-slave neural network with a dynamic feedback loop. Since neural oscillators even in the ... ...

Abstract	We derived analytically and checked numerically a set of novel conditions for the existence and the stability of phase-locked modes in a biologically relevant master-slave neural network with a dynamic feedback loop. Since neural oscillators even in the three-neuron network investigated here receive multiple inputs per cycle, we generalized the concept of phase resetting to accommodate multiple inputs per cycle. We proved that the phase resetting produced by two or more stimuli per cycle can be recursively computed from the traditional, single stimulus, phase resetting. We applied the newly derived generalized phase resetting definition to predicting the relative phase and the stability of a phase-locked mode that was experimentally observed in this type of master-slave network with a dynamic loop network.
MeSH term(s)	Action Potentials/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Waves/physiology ; Computational Biology/methods ; Computer Simulation ; Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0174304
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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