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Article ; Online: Effects of different types of augmented feedback on intrinsic motivation and walking speed performance in post-stroke

Saleh M. Alhirsan / Carmen E. Capó-Lugo / David A. Brown

Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, Vol 24, Iss , Pp 100863- (2021)

A study protocol

2021

Abstract: Introduction: During recovery from stroke, augmented performance feedback can be applied with simple displays of metrics, as well as enhanced with virtual reality (VR) and exergames. VR, as augmented feedback, can provided to enhance walking speed after ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: During recovery from stroke, augmented performance feedback can be applied with simple displays of metrics, as well as enhanced with virtual reality (VR) and exergames. VR, as augmented feedback, can provided to enhance walking speed after six months of stroke onset. There are several mechanisms to induce improved motor performance and motivation. Our objective is to design a study to demonstrate the different effects of augmented feedback, simple VR and exergaming applications on motivation and walking speed performance in post stroke. Methods: Eighteen individuals with chronic stroke will be recruited and asked to walk as fast and safely as they can while on a robotic, user speed-driven treadmill (KineAssist-MX®) in three conditions: (1) with simple visual augmented feedback, but without a VR interface, (2) with a basic VR interface and (3) with a VR exergame. The main outcome measures are 30 s of fast walking speed and intrinsic motivation measured using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory-Interest and Enjoyment Subscale. A within-subjects repeated measure ANOVA test and post hoc analysis will be used to determine the differences in changes of maximum walking speeds among the three performance conditions. Discussion: The additive impact of augmented feedback with or without VR and VR-exergames on motivation and walking speed during stroke rehabilitation is unknown, a gap we aim to address. Our findings will contribute key details regarding the effects of different types of augmented feedback on walking speed and intrinsic motivation and to the refinement of theoretical frameworks that guide the design and implementation of augmented feedback during recovery after stroke.
Keywords	Cerebrovascular accident ; Knowledge of results ; Motor skills ; Virtual reality ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	629
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Immediate Effects of Different Types of Augmented Feedback on Fast Walking Speed Performance and Intrinsic Motivation After Stroke

Saleh M. Alhirsan, PT, MSc, PhD / Carmen E. Capó-Lugo, PT, PhD / Christopher P. Hurt, PhD / Gitendra Uswatte, PhD / Haiyan Qu, PhD / David A. Brown, PT, PhD

Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 100265- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Objective: To examine the immediate effects of different types of augmented feedback on walking speed and intrinsic motivation post-stroke. Design: A within-subjects repeated-measures design. Setting: A university rehabilitation center. Participants: ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To examine the immediate effects of different types of augmented feedback on walking speed and intrinsic motivation post-stroke. Design: A within-subjects repeated-measures design. Setting: A university rehabilitation center. Participants: Eighteen individuals with chronic stroke hemiparesis with a mean age of 55.67±13.63 years and median stroke onset of 36 (24, 81) months (N=18). Interventions: Not applicable. Primary outcome: Fast walking speed measured on a robotic treadmill for 13 meters without feedback and 13 meters with augmented feedback on each of the 3 experimental conditions: (1) without virtual reality (VR), (2) with a simple VR interface, and (3) with VR-exergame. Intrinsic motivation was measured using the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Results: Although the differences were not statistically significant, fast-walking speed was higher in the augmented feedback without VR (0.86±0.44 m/s); simple VR interface (0.87±0.41 m/s); VR-exergame (0.87±0.44 m/s) conditions than in the fast-walking speed without feedback (0.81±0.40 m/s) condition. The type of feedback had a significant effect on intrinsic motivation (P=.04). The post hoc analysis revealed borderline significance on IMI-interest and enjoyment between the VR-exergame condition and the without-VR condition (P=.091). Conclusion: Augmenting feedback affected the intrinsic motivation and enjoyment of adults with stroke asked to walk fast on a robotic treadmill. Additional studies with larger samples are warranted to examine the relations among these aspects of motivation and ambulation training outcomes.
Keywords	Feedback ; Motivation ; Rehabilitation ; Stroke ; Walking speed ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	629
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Step-by-step variability of swing phase trajectory area during steady state walking at a range of speeds.

Deanna D Rumble / Christopher P Hurt / David A Brown

PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 1, p e

2018 Volume 0191247

Abstract: Step kinematic variability has been characterized during gait using spatial and temporal kinematic characteristics. However, people can adopt different trajectory paths both between individuals and even within individuals at different speeds. Single ... ...

Abstract	Step kinematic variability has been characterized during gait using spatial and temporal kinematic characteristics. However, people can adopt different trajectory paths both between individuals and even within individuals at different speeds. Single point measures such as minimum toe clearance (MTC) and step length (SL) do not necessarily account for the multiple paths that the foot may take during the swing phase to reach the same foot fall endpoint. The purpose of this study was to test a step-by-step foot trajectory area (SBS-FTA) variability measure that is able to characterize sagittal plane foot trajectories of varying areas, and compare this measure against MTC and SL variability at different speeds. We hypothesize that the SBS-FTA variability would demonstrate increased variability with speed. Second, we hypothesize that SBS-FTA would have a stronger curvilinear fit compared with the CV and SD of SL and MTC. Third, we hypothesize SBS-FTA would be more responsive to change in the foot trajectory at a given speed compared to SL and MTC. Fourth, SBS-FTA variability would not strongly co-vary with SL and MTC variability measures since it represents a different construct related to foot trajectory area variability.We studied 15 nonimpaired individuals during walking at progressively faster speeds. We calculated SL, MTC, and SBS-FTA area.SBS-FTA variability increased with speed, had a stronger curvilinear fit compared with the CV and SD of SL and MTC, was more responsive at a given speed, and did not strongly co-vary with SL and MTC variability measures.SBS foot trajectory area variability was sensitive to change with faster speeds, captured a relationship that the majority of the other measures did not demonstrate, and did not co-vary strongly with other measures that are also components of the trajectory.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The subthreshold-active KV7 current regulates neurotransmission by limiting spike-induced Ca2+ influx in hippocampal mossy fiber synaptic terminals

Katiuscia Martinello / Elisabetta Giacalone / Michele Migliore / David A. Brown / Mala M. Shah

Communications Biology, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 12

Abstract: Martinello et al. show that the KV7 K+ channels, active at rest, diminish action potential-induced Ca2+ influx into hippocampal mossy fiber boutons. This reduction alters presynaptic spikes, reduces neurotransmitter release, and decreases short-term ... ...

Abstract	Martinello et al. show that the KV7 K+ channels, active at rest, diminish action potential-induced Ca2+ influx into hippocampal mossy fiber boutons. This reduction alters presynaptic spikes, reduces neurotransmitter release, and decreases short-term synaptic plasticity, highlighting a role for these channels in hippocampal CA3 neuronal excitability.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impaired H-Reflex Gain during Postural Loaded Locomotion in Individuals Post-Stroke.

Jing Nong Liang / David A Brown

PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 12, p e

2015 Volume 0144007

Abstract: Successful execution of upright locomotion requires coordinated interaction between controllers for locomotion and posture. Our earlier research supported this model in the non-impaired and found impaired interaction in the post-stroke nervous system ... ...

Abstract	Successful execution of upright locomotion requires coordinated interaction between controllers for locomotion and posture. Our earlier research supported this model in the non-impaired and found impaired interaction in the post-stroke nervous system during locomotion. In this study, we sought to examine the role of the Ia afferent spinal loop, via the H-reflex response, under postural influence during a locomotor task. We tested the hypothesis that the ability to increase stretch reflex gain in response to postural loads during locomotion would be reduced post-stroke.Fifteen individuals with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis and 13 non-impaired controls pedaled on a motorized cycle ergometer with specialized backboard support system under (1) seated supported, and (2) non-seated postural-loaded conditions, generating matched pedal force outputs of two levels. H-reflexes were elicited at 90° crank angle.We observed increased H-reflex gain with postural influence in non-impaired individuals, but a lack of increase in individuals post-stroke. Furthermore, we observed decreased H-reflex gain at higher postural loads in the stroke-impaired group.These findings suggest an impaired Ia afferent pathway potentially underlies the defects in the interaction between postural and locomotor control post-stroke and may explain reduced ability of paretic limb support during locomotor weight-bearing in individuals post-stroke.These results support the judicious use of bodyweight support training when first helping individuals post-stroke to regain locomotor pattern generation and weight-bearing capability.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Associations of serum short-chain fatty acids with circulating immune cells and serum biomarkers in patients with multiple sclerosis

Stephanie Trend / Jonatan Leffler / Anderson P. Jones / Lilian Cha / Shelley Gorman / David A. Brown / Samuel N. Breit / Allan G. Kermode / Martyn A. French / Natalie C. Ward / Prue H. Hart

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 15

Abstract: Abstract Altered composition of gut bacteria and changes to the production of their bioactive metabolites, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been implicated in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the immunomodulatory actions of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Altered composition of gut bacteria and changes to the production of their bioactive metabolites, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been implicated in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the immunomodulatory actions of SCFAs and intermediaries in their ability to influence MS pathogenesis are uncertain. In this study, levels of serum SCFAs were correlated with immune cell abundance and phenotype as well as with other relevant serum factors in blood samples taken at first presentation of Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS; an early form of MS) or MS and compared to healthy controls. There was a small but significant reduction in propionate levels in the serum of patients with CIS or MS compared with healthy controls. The frequencies of circulating T follicular regulatory cells and T follicular helper cells were significantly positively correlated with serum levels of propionate. Levels of butyrate associated positively with frequencies of IL-10-producing B-cells and negatively with frequencies of class-switched memory B-cells. TNF production by polyclonally-activated B-cells correlated negatively with acetate levels. Levels of serum SCFAs associated with changes in circulating immune cells and biomarkers implicated in the development of MS.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Blood-Based Transcriptomic Biomarkers Are Predictive of Neurodegeneration Rather Than Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 15011, p

2023 Volume 15011

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a growing global health crisis affecting millions and incurring substantial economic costs. However, clinical diagnosis remains challenging, with misdiagnoses and underdiagnoses being prevalent. There is an increased focus on ... ...

Abstract	Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a growing global health crisis affecting millions and incurring substantial economic costs. However, clinical diagnosis remains challenging, with misdiagnoses and underdiagnoses being prevalent. There is an increased focus on putative, blood-based biomarkers that may be useful for the diagnosis as well as early detection of AD. In the present study, we used an unbiased combination of machine learning and functional network analyses to identify blood gene biomarker candidates in AD. Using supervised machine learning, we also determined whether these candidates were indeed unique to AD or whether they were indicative of other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our analyses showed that genes involved in spliceosome assembly, RNA binding, transcription, protein synthesis, mitoribosomes, and NADH dehydrogenase were the best-performing genes for identifying AD patients relative to cognitively healthy controls. This transcriptomic signature, however, was not unique to AD, and subsequent machine learning showed that this signature could also predict PD and ALS relative to controls without neurodegenerative disease. Combined, our results suggest that mRNA from whole blood can indeed be used to screen for patients with neurodegeneration but may be less effective in diagnosing the specific neurodegenerative disease.
Keywords	transcriptomics ; blood ; biomarkers ; machine learning ; neurodegenerative diseases ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Growth differentiation factor-15 slows the growth of murine prostate cancer by stimulating tumor immunity.

Yasmin Husaini / Vicky Wang-Wei Tsai / Rakesh Manandhar / Hong Ping Zhang / Ka Ki Michelle Lee-Ng / Hélène Lebhar / Christopher P Marquis / David A Brown / Samuel N Breit

PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e

2020 Volume 0233846

Abstract: Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF15) is a divergent TGF-beta superfamily cytokine that is overexpressed by most cancers and is induced by anticancer therapy. Transgenic and induced animal models suggest that it protects from cancer development but ... ...

Abstract	Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF15) is a divergent TGF-beta superfamily cytokine that is overexpressed by most cancers and is induced by anticancer therapy. Transgenic and induced animal models suggest that it protects from cancer development but the mechanisms are uncertain. We investigated the role of immunity in GDF15 induced reduction in prostate cancer (PCa) growth. The C57BL/6 transgenic TRAMP prostate cancer prone mice were bred with mice that were immunodeficient and/or systemically overexpressed GDF15. We developed a novel orthotopic TRAMP PCa model in which primary TRAMP tumor cells were implanted into prostates of mice to reduce the study time. These mice were administered recombinant mouse GDF15, antibody to CD8, PD1 or their respective controls. We found that GDF15 induced protection from tumor growth was reversed by lack of adaptive immunity. Flow cytometric evaluation of lymphocytes within these orthotopic tumors showed that GDF15 overexpression was associated with increased CD8 T cell numbers and an increased number and proportion of recently activated CD8+CD11c+ T cells and a reduced proportion of "exhausted" CD8+PD1+ T cells. Further, depletion of CD8 T cells in tumor bearing mice abolished the GDF15 induced protection from tumor growth. Infusion of GDF15 into mice bearing orthotopic TRAMP tumor, substantially reduced tumor growth that was further reduced by concurrent PD1 antibody administration. GDF15 overexpression or recombinant protein protects from TRAMP tumor growth by modulating CD8 T cell mediated antitumor immunity and augments the positive effects of anti-PD1 blockers.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Cellular and Transcriptional Changes Associated With M1 Macrophage Polarization in Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Paula Mariottoni / Simon W. Jiang / Courtney A. Prestwood / Vaibhav Jain / Jutamas Suwanpradid / Melodi Javid Whitley / Margaret Coates / David A. Brown / Detlev Erdmann / David L. Corcoran / Simon G. Gregory / Tarannum Jaleel / Jennifer Y. Zhang / Tamia A. Harris-Tryon / Amanda S. MacLeod

Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent abscesses, nodules, and sinus tracts in areas of high hair follicle and sweat gland density. These sinus tracts can present with purulent drainage and scar ... ...

Abstract	Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent abscesses, nodules, and sinus tracts in areas of high hair follicle and sweat gland density. These sinus tracts can present with purulent drainage and scar formation. Dysregulation of multiple immune pathways drives the complexity of HS pathogenesis and may account for the heterogeneity of treatment response in HS patients. Using transcriptomic approaches, including single-cell sequencing and protein analysis, we here characterize the innate inflammatory landscape of HS lesions. We identified a shared upregulation of genes involved in interferon (IFN) and antimicrobial defense signaling through transcriptomic overlap analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in datasets from HS skin, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), and the inflammatory stage of normal healing wounds. Overlap analysis between HS- and DFU-specific DEGs revealed an enrichment of gene signatures associated with monocyte/macrophage functions. Single-cell RNA sequencing further revealed monocytes/macrophages with polarization toward a pro-inflammatory M1-like phenotype and increased effector function, including antiviral immunity, phagocytosis, respiratory burst, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Specifically, we identified the STAT1/IFN-signaling axis and the associated IFN-stimulated genes as central players in monocyte/macrophage dysregulation. Our data indicate that monocytes/macrophages are a potential pivotal player in HS pathogenesis and their pathways may serve as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in HS treatment.
Keywords	single cell sequencing ; macrophage-cell ; hidradenitis suppurativa ; antiviral immune pathways ; non-healing wounds ; interferon ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: First Behavioural Characterisation of a Knockout Mouse Model for the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β Superfamily Cytokine, MIC-1/GDF15.

Jac Kee Low / Ananthan Ambikairajah / Kani Shang / David A Brown / Vicky W W Tsai / Samuel N Breit / Tim Karl

PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 1, p e

2017 Volume 0168416

Abstract: Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), also known as growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), is a stress response cytokine. MIC-1/GDF15 is secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid and increased levels of MIC-1/GDF15 are associated with a variety of ... ...

Abstract	Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), also known as growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), is a stress response cytokine. MIC-1/GDF15 is secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid and increased levels of MIC-1/GDF15 are associated with a variety of diseases including cognitive decline. Furthermore, Mic-1/Gdf15 knockout mice (Mic-1 KO) weigh more, have increased adiposity, associated with increased spontaneous food intake, and exhibit reduced basal energy expenditure and physical activity. The current study was designed to comprehensively determine the role of MIC-1/GDF15 on behavioural domains of male and female knockout mice including locomotion, exploration, anxiety, cognition, social behaviours, and sensorimotor gating. Mic-1 KO mice exhibited a task-dependent increase in locomotion and exploration and reduced anxiety-related behaviours across tests. Spatial working memory and social behaviours were not affected by Mic-1/Gdf15 deficiency. Interestingly, knockout mice formed an increased association with the conditioned stimulus in fear conditioning testing and also displayed significantly improved prepulse inhibition. Overall sex effects were evident for social behaviours, fear conditioning, and sensorimotor gating. This is the first study defining the role of Mic-1/Gdf15 in a number of behavioural domains. Whether the observed impact is based on direct actions of Mic-1/Gdf15 deficiency on the CNS or whether the behavioural effects are mediated by indirect actions on e.g. other neurotransmitter systems must be clarified in future studies.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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