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  1. Article ; Online: Imbalanced Inflammatory Responses in Preterm and Term Cord Blood Monocytes and Expansion of the CD14 + CD16 + Subset upon Toll-like Receptor Stimulation

    Kirsten Glaser / David Kern / Christian P. Speer / Nicolas Schlegel / Michael Schwab / Ulrich H. Thome / Christoph Härtel / Clyde J. Wright

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 4919, p

    2023  Volume 4919

    Abstract: Developmentally regulated features of innate immunity are thought to place preterm and term infants at risk of infection and inflammation-related morbidity. Underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Differences in monocyte function including ... ...

    Abstract Developmentally regulated features of innate immunity are thought to place preterm and term infants at risk of infection and inflammation-related morbidity. Underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Differences in monocyte function including toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and signaling have been discussed. Some studies point to generally impaired TLR signaling, others to differences in individual pathways. In the present study, we assessed mRNA and protein expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in preterm and term cord blood (CB) monocytes compared with adult controls stimulated ex vivo with Pam3CSK4, zymosan, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, and CpG oligonucleotide, which activate the TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 pathways, respectively. In parallel, frequencies of monocyte subsets, stimulus-driven TLR expression, and phosphorylation of TLR-associated signaling molecules were analyzed. Independent of stimulus, pro-inflammatory responses of term CB monocytes equaled adult controls. The same held true for preterm CB monocytes—except for lower IL-1β levels. In contrast, CB monocytes released lower amounts of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-1ra, resulting in higher ratios of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines. Phosphorylation of p65, p38, and ERK1/2 correlated with adult controls. However, stimulated CB samples stood out with higher frequencies of intermediate monocytes (CD14 + CD16 + ). Both pro-inflammatory net effect and expansion of the intermediate subset were most pronounced upon stimulation with Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2), zymosan (TR2/6), and lipopolysaccharide (TLR4). Our data demonstrate robust pro-inflammatory and yet attenuated anti-inflammatory responses in preterm and term CB monocytes, along with imbalanced cytokine ratios. Intermediate monocytes, a subset ascribed pro-inflammatory features, might participate in this inflammatory state.
    Keywords neonatal immunology ; inflammation ; preterm infants ; monocytes ; cord blood ; monocyte subsets ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Individual neural transfer function affects the prediction of subjective depth of focus

    Alexander Leube / Tim Schilling / Arne Ohlendorf / David Kern / Alex G. Ochakovski / M. Dominik Fischer / Siegfried Wahl

    Scientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 8

    Abstract: Abstract Attempts to accurately predict the depth of focus (DoF) based on objective metrics have failed so far. We investigated the effect of the individual neural transfer function (iNTF) on the quality of the prediction of the subjective DoF from ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Attempts to accurately predict the depth of focus (DoF) based on objective metrics have failed so far. We investigated the effect of the individual neural transfer function (iNTF) on the quality of the prediction of the subjective DoF from objective wavefront measures. Subjective DoF was assessed in 22 participants using subjective through focus curves of visual acuity (VA). Objective defocus curves were calculated for visual Strehl metrics of the optical (VSOTFa) and the modulation transfer function as well as the point spread function. DoF was computed for residual lower order aberrations (rLoA) and incorporation of iNTF. Correlations between subjective and objective DoF did not reach significance, when a) standard metrics were used and b) rLoA were considered (r max = 0.33, p all > 0.05). By incorporating the iNTF of the individuals in the calculation of the objective DoF from the VSOTFa metric, a moderate statistically significant correlation was found (r = 0.43, p < 0.01, Pearson). The iNTF of the individual’s eye is fundamental for the prediction of subjective DoF using the VSOTFa metric. Individualized predictions could aid future application in the correction of refractive errors like presbyopia using intraocular lenses.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article: Seasonal influenza vaccination trends from 2007–2011 in privately insured children and adults in the United States

    Antonova, Evgeniya / Christopher S. Ambrose / David Kern / Herve Caspard / Ozgur Tunceli / Stan L. Block

    Vaccine. 2014 Nov. 12, v. 32, no. 48

    2014  

    Abstract: To ensure adequate protection from seasonal influenza in the US, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends vaccination of all persons aged 6 months or older, with rare exceptions. It also advises starting vaccination as soon as ... ...

    Abstract To ensure adequate protection from seasonal influenza in the US, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends vaccination of all persons aged 6 months or older, with rare exceptions. It also advises starting vaccination as soon as available and continuing throughout the influenza season. This study examined US seasonal vaccination trends during five consecutive influenza seasons in privately-insured children and adults.This retrospective, observational cohort study examined trends in influenza vaccination during the 2007–2008 through 2011–2012 influenza seasons using administrative claims data from a large national insurer.The size of analysis population ranged from 1144,098 to 1245,487 (children, ≥6 months-17 years of age) and from 3931,622 to 4158,223 (adults, 18–64 years of age). Vaccination frequency increased through 2010–2011, was most frequent in young children, and decreased with age. Vaccination rates were highest in the Northeast and lowest in the West and were higher in individuals with frequent outpatient office visits than in those with no or rare visits, with larger differences seen in children. Between 2007 and 2011, the use of preservative-free inactivated vaccine increased, the use of multidose vaccines containing preservatives decreased, and the use of live attenuated influenza vaccines increased among children 2–17 years of age. From 2007–2008 through 2009–2010, the timing of vaccination each year began earlier than the previous one; it remained stable from 2009–2010 through 2011–2012.Annual influenza vaccination claims for privately-insured children and adults increased and shifted earlier from 2007 through 2009–2011. During the 2011–2012 influenza season, 25.4% of children aged 6 months-17 years and 12.3% of adults aged 18–64 years were vaccinated. Increasing influenza vaccination should remain a priority, and alternative venues for seasonal influenza vaccination should be considered in order to meet the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80% to 90% coverage among children.
    Keywords adults ; children ; cohort studies ; influenza ; people ; preservatives ; vaccination ; vaccines ; United States
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-1112
    Size p. 6563-6568.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.009
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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