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Article ; Online: Thugs and Gangsters

David Kerr

Suomen Antropologi, Vol 42, Iss 2, Pp 10-

Imagination and the practice of rapping in Dar es Salaam

2017 Volume 24

Abstract: Since the arrival of hip hop in Tanzania in the 1980s, a diverse and vibrant range of musical genres has developed in Tanzania’s commercial capital, Dar es Salaam. Incorporating rapping, these new musical genres and their associated practices have ... ...

Abstract	Since the arrival of hip hop in Tanzania in the 1980s, a diverse and vibrant range of musical genres has developed in Tanzania’s commercial capital, Dar es Salaam. Incorporating rapping, these new musical genres and their associated practices have produced new imaginative spaces, social practices, and identities. In this paper, I argue that rappers have appropriated signs and symbols from the transnational image of hip hop to cast themselves as ‘thugs’ or ‘gangsters’, simultaneously imbuing these symbols with distinctly Tanzanian political conceptions of hard work (kazi ya jasho), justice (haki) and self-reliance (kujitegemea). This article examines how the persona of the rapper acts as a nexus for transnational and local moral and ethical conceptions such as self-reliance, strength, and struggle. Exploring the complicated, ambiguous, and contradictory nature of cultural production in contemporary Tanzania, argue that rappers use the practice of rapping to negotiate both the socialist past and neo-liberal present. Drawing on the work of De Certeau and Graeber, I argue that rappers use these circulating signs, symbols, and concepts both tactically and strategically to generate value, shape social reality and inscribe themselves into the social and political fabric of everyday life.
Keywords	hip hop ; popular music ; Tanzania ; Ujamaa ; value ; Anthropology ; GN1-890
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Suomen Antropologinen Seura (Finnish Anthropological Society)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Virtual Oncology in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic

Abdul Rahman Jazieh / David Kerr

Innovations in Digital Health, Diagnostics, and Biomarkers, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 19-

Moving Forward!

2021 Volume 20

Keywords	covid-19 ; virtual oncology ; telehealth ; virtual tumor boards ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Innovative Healthcare Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Multimodal digital phenotyping of diet, physical activity, and glycemia in Hispanic/Latino adults with or at risk of type 2 diabetes

Amruta Pai / Rony Santiago / Namino Glantz / Wendy Bevier / Souptik Barua / Ashutosh Sabharwal / David Kerr

npj Digital Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2024 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Digital phenotyping refers to characterizing human bio-behavior through wearables, personal devices, and digital health technologies. Digital phenotyping in populations facing a disproportionate burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and health ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Digital phenotyping refers to characterizing human bio-behavior through wearables, personal devices, and digital health technologies. Digital phenotyping in populations facing a disproportionate burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and health disparities continues to lag compared to other populations. Here, we report our study demonstrating the application of multimodal digital phenotyping, i.e., the simultaneous use of CGM, physical activity monitors, and meal tracking in Hispanic/Latino individuals with or at risk of T2D. For 14 days, 36 Hispanic/Latino adults (28 female, 14 with non-insulin treated T2D) wore a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and a physical activity monitor (Actigraph) while simultaneously logging meals using the MyFitnessPal app. We model meal events and daily digital biomarkers representing diet, physical activity choices, and corresponding glycemic response. We develop a digital biomarker for meal events that differentiates meal events into normal and elevated categories. We examine the contribution of daily digital biomarkers of elevated meal event count and step count on daily time-in-range 54-140 mg/dL (TIR54–140) and average glucose. After adjusting for step count, a change in elevated meal event count from zero to two decreases TIR54–140 by 4.0% (p = 0.003). An increase in 1000 steps in post-meal step count also reduces the meal event glucose response by 641 min mg/dL (p = 0.0006) and reduces the odds of an elevated meal event by 55% (p < 0.0001). The proposed meal event digital biomarkers may provide an opportunity for non-pharmacologic interventions for Hispanic/Latino adults facing a disproportionate burden of T2D.
Keywords	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Subject code	302
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Dysglycemia in adults at risk for or living with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes

Souptik Barua / Ashutosh Sabharwal / Namino Glantz / Casey Conneely / Arianna Larez / Wendy Bevier / David Kerr

EClinicalMedicine, Vol 35, Iss , Pp 100853- (2021)

Insights from continuous glucose monitoring

2021

Abstract: Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has demonstrable benefits for people living with diabetes, but the supporting evidence is almost exclusively from White individuals with type 1 diabetes. Here, we have quantified CGM profiles in Hispanic/ ... ...

Abstract	Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has demonstrable benefits for people living with diabetes, but the supporting evidence is almost exclusively from White individuals with type 1 diabetes. Here, we have quantified CGM profiles in Hispanic/Latino adults with or at-risk of non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: 100 participants (79 female, 86% Hispanic/Latino [predominantly Mexican], age 54·6 [±12·0] years) stratified into (i) at risk of T2D, (ii) with pre-diabetes (pre-T2D), and (iii) with non-insulin treated T2D, wore blinded CGMs for 2 weeks. Beyond standardized CGM measures (average glucose, glucose variability, time in 70–140 mg/dL and 70–180 mg/dL ranges), we also examined additional CGM measures based on the time of day. Findings: Standardized CGM measures were significantly different for participants with T2D compared to at-risk and pre-T2D participants (p<0·0001). In addition, pre-T2D participants spent more time between 140 and 180 mg/dL during the day than at-risk participants (p<0·01). T2D participants spent more time between 140 and 180 mg/dL both during the day and overnight compared to at-risk and pre-T2D participants (both p<0·0001). Time in 70–140 mg/dL range during the day was significantly correlated with HbA1c (r=-0·72, p<0·0001), after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and waist circumference (p<0·0001). Interpretation: Standardized CGM measures show a progression of dysglycemia from at-risk of T2D, to pre-T2D, and to T2D. Stratifying CGM readings by time of day and the range 140–180 mg/dL provides additional metrics to differentiate between the groups. Funding: US Department of Agriculture (Grant #2018-33800-28404) and NSF PATHS-UP ERC (Award #1648451).
Keywords	Type 2 diabetes ; Pre-diabetes ; Continuous glucose monitoring ; Hispanic/Latino adults ; Time in range ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A subnational reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health and development atlas of India

Carla Pezzulo / Natalia Tejedor-Garavito / Ho Man Theophilus Chan / Ilda Dreoni / David Kerr / Samik Ghosh / Amy Bonnie / Maksym Bondarenko / Mihretab Salasibew / Andrew J. Tatem

Scientific Data, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Understanding the fine scale and subnational spatial distribution of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health and development indicators is crucial for targeting and increasing the efficiency of resources for public health ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Understanding the fine scale and subnational spatial distribution of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health and development indicators is crucial for targeting and increasing the efficiency of resources for public health and development planning. National governments are committed to improve the lives of their people, lift the population out of poverty and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. We created an open access collection of high resolution gridded and district level health and development datasets of India using mainly the 2015–16 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data, and provide estimates at higher granularity than what is available in NFHS-4, to support policies with spatially detailed data. Bayesian methods for the construction of 5 km × 5 km high resolution maps were applied for a set of indicators where the data allowed (36 datasets), while for some other indicators, only district level data were produced. All data were summarised using the India district administrative boundaries. In total, 138 high resolution and district level datasets for 28 indicators were produced and made openly available.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: High-resolution gridded population datasets for Latin America and the Caribbean using official statistics

Tom McKeen / Maksym Bondarenko / David Kerr / Thomas Esch / Mattia Marconcini / Daniela Palacios-Lopez / Julian Zeidler / R. Catalina Valle / Sabrina Juran / Andrew J. Tatem / Alessandro Sorichetta

Scientific Data, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 17

Abstract: Abstract “Leaving no one behind” is the fundamental objective of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Latin America and the Caribbean is marked by social inequalities, whilst its total population is projected to increase to almost 760 million by ... ...

Abstract	Abstract “Leaving no one behind” is the fundamental objective of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Latin America and the Caribbean is marked by social inequalities, whilst its total population is projected to increase to almost 760 million by 2050. In this context, contemporary and spatially detailed datasets that accurately capture the distribution of residential population are critical to appropriately inform and support environmental, health, and developmental applications at subnational levels. Existing datasets are under-utilised by governments due to the non-alignment with their own statistics. Therefore, official statistics at the finest level of administrative units available have been implemented to construct an open-access repository of high-resolution gridded population datasets for 40 countries in Latin American and the Caribbean. These datasets are detailed here, alongside the ‘top-down’ approach and methods to generate and validate them. Population distribution datasets for each country were created at a resolution of 3 arc-seconds (approximately 100 m at the equator), and are all available from the WorldPop Data Repository.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Citizenship Education in England

David Kerr

Journal of Social Science Education, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 1-

The Making of a New Subject

2003 Volume 10

Abstract: Citizenship has been included for the first time ever as an explicit part of the school curriculum in England from September 2002. This paper explores how this historic shift has come about through the work of the Advisory Group on Education for ... ...

Abstract	Citizenship has been included for the first time ever as an explicit part of the school curriculum in England from September 2002. This paper explores how this historic shift has come about through the work of the Advisory Group on Education for Citizenship and the Teaching of Democracy in Schools (commonly known as the Crick Group). The first section sets out the background to why the Crick Group was established and shows how the main lessons from past policy approaches were absorbed by the Group. The second section explains how citizenship education is defined in the school curriculum in England. The third section details some of the current activities designed to encourage the development of effective practice in citizenship. In the final section a number of challenges facing citizenship education are identified. How these challenges are tackled will have a major impact as to the effectiveness of citizenship education practice in schools and elsewhere in England.
Keywords	Special aspects of education ; LC8-6691 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Language	German
Publishing date	2003-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Bielefeld University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Citizenship Education in England

David Kerr

Journal of Social Science Education, Vol 2, Iss

The Making of a New Subject

2003 Volume 2

Abstract	Citizenship has been included for the first time ever as an explicit part of the school curriculum in England from September 2002. This paper explores how this historic shift has come about through the work of the Advisory Group on Education for Citizenship and the Teaching of Democracy in Schools (commonly known as the Crick Group). The first section sets out the background to why the Crick Group was established and shows how the main lessons from past policy approaches were absorbed by the Group. The second section explains how citizenship education is defined in the school curriculum in England. The third section details some of the current activities designed to encourage the development of effective practice in citizenship. In the final section a number of challenges facing citizenship education are identified. How these challenges are tackled will have a major impact as to the effectiveness of citizenship education practice in schools and elsewhere in England.
Keywords	Special aspects of education ; LC8-6691 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Language	German
Publishing date	2003-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Bielefeld University
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Measuring the contribution of built-settlement data to global population mapping

Jeremiah J. Nieves / Maksym Bondarenko / David Kerr / Nikolas Ves / Greg Yetman / Parmanand Sinha / Donna J. Clarke / Alessandro Sorichetta / Forrest R. Stevens / Andrea E. Gaughan / Andrew J. Tatem

Social Sciences and Humanities Open, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 100102- (2021)

2021

Abstract: Top-down population modelling has gained applied prominence in public health, planning, and sustainability applications at the global scale. These top-down population modelling methods often rely on remote-sensing (RS) derived representation of the built- ...

Abstract	Top-down population modelling has gained applied prominence in public health, planning, and sustainability applications at the global scale. These top-down population modelling methods often rely on remote-sensing (RS) derived representation of the built-environment and settlements as key predictive covariates. While these RS-derived data, which are global in extent, have become more advanced and more available, gaps in spatial and temporal coverage remain. These gaps have prompted the interpolation of the built-environment and settlements, but the utility of such interpolated data in further population modelling applications has garnered little research. Thus, our objective was to determine the utility of modelled built-settlement extents in a top-down population modelling application. Here we take modelled global built-settlement extents between 2000 and 2012, created using a spatio-temporal disaggregation of observed settlement growth. We then demonstrate the applied utility of such annually modelled settlement data within the application of annually modelling population, using random forest informed dasymetric disaggregations, across 172 countries and a 13-year period. We demonstrate that the modelled built-settlement data are consistently the 2nd most important covariate in predicting population density, behind annual lights at night, across the globe and across the study period. Further, we demonstrate that this modelled built-settlement data often provides more information than current annually available RS-derived data and last observed built-settlement extents.
Keywords	Urban ; Population ; Growth model ; Built ; Settlement ; Machine learning ; History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ; AZ20-999 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Burden and Cost of Diabetes for US Medicare Beneficiaries

Namino M. Glantz / Ian Duncan / Tamim Ahmed / Ludi Fan / Beverly L. Reed / Samaneh Kalirai / David Kerr

Health Equity, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 211-

2019 Volume 218

Abstract: Purpose: To examine the burden and cost of diabetes among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries. Methods: Medicare 5% File data for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) consisting of 1,397,933 enrollees in fee-for-service without Medicare ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To examine the burden and cost of diabetes among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries. Methods: Medicare 5% File data for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) consisting of 1,397,933 enrollees in fee-for-service without Medicare Advantage during the period 2012–2013 were analyzed by race and ethnicity. Results: Although non-Hispanic whites (nHWs) comprised most of this population (86%), prevalence of T1D and T2D was higher for Hispanics than nHWs (3.4% vs. 1.8%, p=0.0006, for T1D and 33.4% vs. 21.9%, p<0.0001, for T2D). Hispanics also had more acute hospital admissions (p=0.0235 for T1D and p=0.0009 for T2D) and longer lengths of stay (7.5 vs. 6.9 days for T1D, p=0.0105, and 6.7 vs. 6.2 days for T2D, p<0.0001) compared with nHWs. Allowed and paid costs per member per month adjusted for confounding were higher for Hispanics than nHWs for T2D (both p<0.0001) and lower for those with T1D (both p<0.0001). Mean number of chronic diseases in patients with diabetes was higher in Hispanics than nHWs (both T1D and T2D, p<0.0000). For T2D, Hispanics were more likely to have glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid testing as well as nephropathy screening (all p<0.0001). Hispanics with T1D were also more likely to have HbA1c and lipid tests (p=0.0014 and p=0.0011, respectively); retinopathy and nephropathy screening rates did not differ significantly from rates among nHWs. Conclusion: Diabetes disproportionately impacts US seniors, with Hispanics almost twice as likely as nHWs to be diagnosed. Racial and ethnic disparities exist in the burden and cost of diabetes care for Medicare recipients.
Keywords	burden of diabetes ; elderly ; health care ; Hispanic population ; Medicare ; public health ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Mary Ann Liebert
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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