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  1. Article ; Online: Is a return to nature a piece of the health puzzle?

    Jan Martel / David M. Ojcius

    Biomedical Journal, Vol 46, Iss 1, Pp 8-

    2023  Volume 10

    Keywords Electromagnetic pollution ; Free electrons ; Global atmospheric electrical circuit ; Grounding ; Schumann resonances ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: The ins and outs of T cell signaling

    Jean M. Kanellopoulos / David M. Ojcius

    Biomedical Journal, Vol 45, Iss 2, Pp 286-

    2022  Volume 288

    Abstract: This special edition summarizes major advances in our understanding of signaling by T lymphocytes. T cell interactions with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and other immune cells are characterized by changes in T cell adhesion and major rearrangements of ...

    Abstract This special edition summarizes major advances in our understanding of signaling by T lymphocytes. T cell interactions with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and other immune cells are characterized by changes in T cell adhesion and major rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. This issue describes some of the mediators of these changes both within the T cells and on the T cell surface. The five articles focus on “inside-out integrin signaling” in T cells, components of the immunological synapse between lymphocyte and APCs, an unexpected role for T cell receptor (TCR) signaling from endosomes, transfer of membrane constituents from APCs to T cells via trogocytosis, immune deficiencies in these T cell signaling pathways, and the role of thymocyte-expressed molecule involved in selection (THEMIS) in thymocyte development and peripheral T cell function.
    Keywords Immunology ; Adaptive immunity ; Cell biology ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Influence of electromagnetic fields on the circadian rhythm

    Jan Martel / Shih-Hsin Chang / Gaétan Chevalier / David M. Ojcius / John D. Young

    Biomedical Journal, Vol 46, Iss 1, Pp 48-

    Implications for human health and disease

    2023  Volume 59

    Abstract: Living organisms have evolved within the natural electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of the earth which comprise the global atmospheric electrical circuit, Schumann resonances (SRs) and the geomagnetic field. Research suggests that the circadian rhythm, which ... ...

    Abstract Living organisms have evolved within the natural electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of the earth which comprise the global atmospheric electrical circuit, Schumann resonances (SRs) and the geomagnetic field. Research suggests that the circadian rhythm, which controls several physiological functions in the human body, can be influenced by light but also by the earth's EMFs. Cyclic solar disturbances, including sunspots and seasonal weakening of the geomagnetic field, can affect human health, possibly by disrupting the circadian rhythm and downstream physiological functions. Severe disruption of the circadian rhythm increases inflammation which can induce fatigue, fever and flu-like symptoms in a fraction of the population and worsen existing symptoms in old and diseased individuals, leading to periodic spikes of infectious and chronic diseases. Possible mechanisms underlying sensing of the earth's EMFs involve entrainment via electrons and electromagnetic waves, light-dependent radical pair formation in retina cryptochromes, and paramagnetic magnetite nanoparticles. Factors such as electromagnetic pollution from wireless devices, base antennas and low orbit internet satellites, shielding by non-conductive materials used in shoes and buildings, and local geomagnetic anomalies may also affect sensing of the earth's EMFs by the human body and contribute to circadian rhythm disruption and disease development.
    Keywords Circadian rhythm ; Covid-19 pandemic ; Geomagnetic field ; Grounding ; Schumann resonances ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 535
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Neither B cell nor T cell – The unique group of innate lymphoid cells

    Jean M. Kanellopoulos / David M. Ojcius

    Biomedical Journal, Vol 44, Iss 2, Pp 112-

    2021  Volume 114

    Abstract: This special issue contains four review articles that analyze the development and biology of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which are the most recently-discovered group of innate immune cells. This unique group of lymphoid cells lacks the RAG gene and ... ...

    Abstract This special issue contains four review articles that analyze the development and biology of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which are the most recently-discovered group of innate immune cells. This unique group of lymphoid cells lacks the RAG gene and consequently does not express B cell nor T cell antigen-specific receptors. They are abundant at mucosal surfaces, where they play a role in immunity and homeostasis. The ILCs are the focus of intensive research efforts to understand their development and function.
    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications?

    Nathalie Botros / Parvati Iyer / David M. Ojcius

    Biomedical Journal, Vol 43, Iss 4, Pp 325-

    2020  Volume 327

    Abstract: Most patients with severe complications from COVID-19 have underlying conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. In parallel, there is growing evidence for a link between periodontitis and non-oral systemic diseases. The oral cavity is also ... ...

    Abstract Most patients with severe complications from COVID-19 have underlying conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. In parallel, there is growing evidence for a link between periodontitis and non-oral systemic diseases. The oral cavity is also a reservoir for respiratory pathogens, and patients with periodontal disease are more likely to develop hospital-acquired pneumonia than healthy individuals. We therefore hypothesize that improving oral health could decrease the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and reduce the associated morbidity.
    Keywords Oral health ; Inflammation ; Dentistry ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus ; Pandemic ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Scaling the tips of the ALPS

    Frédéric Rieux-Laucat / Jean M. Kanellopoulos / David M. Ojcius

    Biomedical Journal, Vol 44, Iss 4, Pp 383-

    2021  Volume 387

    Abstract: This special issue contains four review articles that describe advances in analysis of mutations responsible for the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). This disease is triggered by a family of mutations in genes involved in the extrinsic ... ...

    Abstract This special issue contains four review articles that describe advances in analysis of mutations responsible for the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). This disease is triggered by a family of mutations in genes involved in the extrinsic apoptotic pathway such as FAS, FASL and CASP10. Advances in sequencing technology have enabled extended genetic testing of patients with various defects in alternative biological have pathways that can cause ALPS-like syndromes. Various gene mutations were identified which affect the CTLA-4 immune checkpoint, the STAT3 pathway and the RAS/MAPK pathway. Tips gleaned from analyses of the different gene mutations involved in ALPS and ALPS-like syndromes are contributing to a better understanding of their functional consequences. Genetic diagnoses of the disease should help us to identify specific therapeutic targets and design personalized treatment for each patient.
    Keywords Genetics ; Immunology ; Autoimmunity ; FAS ; Apoptosis ; ALPS ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Interactions between silica and titanium nanoparticles and oral and gastrointestinal epithelia

    Cássio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva / Leticia Ferreira Cabido / Wei-Chun Chin / Ge Wang / David M. Ojcius / Changqing Li

    Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 3, Pp e14022- (2023)

    Consequences for inflammatory diseases and cancer

    2023  

    Abstract: Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) composed of elements such as silica and titanium, smaller than 100 nm in diameter and their aggregates, are found in consumer products such as cosmetics, food, antimicrobials and drug delivery systems, and oral health ... ...

    Abstract Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) composed of elements such as silica and titanium, smaller than 100 nm in diameter and their aggregates, are found in consumer products such as cosmetics, food, antimicrobials and drug delivery systems, and oral health products such as toothpaste and dental materials. They may also interact accidently with epithelial tissues in the intestines and oral cavity, where they can aggregate into larger particles and induce inflammation through pathways such as inflammasome activation. Persistent inflammation can lead to precancerous lesions. Both the particles and lesions are difficult to detect in biopsies, especially in clinical settings that screen large numbers of patients. As diagnosis of early stages of disease can be lifesaving, there is growing interest in better understanding interactions between NPs and epithelium and developing rapid imaging techniques that could detect foreign particles and markers of inflammation in epithelial tissues. NPs can be labelled with fluorescence or radioactive isotopes, but it is challenging to detect unlabeled NPs with conventional imaging techniques. Different current imaging techniques such as synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy are discussed here. Improvements in imaging techniques, coupled with the use of machine learning tools, are needed before diagnosis of particles in biopsies by automated imaging could move usefully into the clinic.
    Keywords Inflammation ; Cytotoxicity ; Nanoparticles ; Epithelium ; Imaging ; Inflammasome ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Association between Periodontal Disease and Cognitive Impairment in Adults

    Najwane Said-Sadier / Batoul Sayegh / Raymond Farah / Linda Abou Abbas / Rania Dweik / Norina Tang / David M. Ojcius

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 20, Iss 4707, p

    2023  Volume 4707

    Abstract: Introduction: Periodontitis is a severe oral infection that can contribute to systemic inflammation. A large body of evidence suggests a role for systemic inflammation in the initiation of neurodegenerative disease. This systematic review synthesized ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Periodontitis is a severe oral infection that can contribute to systemic inflammation. A large body of evidence suggests a role for systemic inflammation in the initiation of neurodegenerative disease. This systematic review synthesized data from observational studies to investigate the association between periodontitis and neuroinflammation in adults. Methods and materials: A systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) was performed for studies published from the date of inception up to September 2021. Search terms for the exposure “oral disease” and outcome “dementia”, “neuroinflammation” and “cognitive decline” were used. Study selection and data extraction were independently undertaken by two reviewers. The final eligible articles were included only if the exposure is periodontitis and the outcome is cognitive impairment or dementia or a topic related to this condition, and if the study was conducted in an adult population. The quality and risk of bias were assessed by Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Qualitative synthesis was used to narratively synthesize the results. Six cohort studies, three cross-sectional studies, and two case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. These eleven studies were only narratively synthesized. Meta-analysis was not performed due to the methodological heterogeneity of the studies. Results: The results of included studies show that chronic periodontitis patients with at least eight years of exposure are at higher risk of developing cognitive decline and dementia. Oral health measures such as gingival inflammation, attachment loss, probing depth, bleeding on probing, and alveolar bone loss are associated with cognitive impairment. The reduction of epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in addition to over expression of interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) are significant in patients suffering ...
    Keywords cognitive impairment ; dementia ; oral pathogens ; periodontitis ; inflammatory biomarkers ; antibodies ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Cigarette Smoke Stimulates SARS-CoV-2 Internalization by Activating AhR and Increasing ACE2 Expression in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells

    Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva / Harmony Matshik Dakafay / Kaitlyn Liu / David M. Ojcius

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 7669, p

    2021  Volume 7669

    Abstract: A large body of evidence shows the harmful effects of cigarette smoke to oral and systemic health. More recently, a link between smoking and susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was proposed. COVID-19 is due to infection with severe ... ...

    Abstract A large body of evidence shows the harmful effects of cigarette smoke to oral and systemic health. More recently, a link between smoking and susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was proposed. COVID-19 is due to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which uses the receptor ACE2 and the protease TMPRSS2 for entry into host cells, thereby infecting cells of the respiratory tract and the oral cavity. Here, we examined the effects of cigarette smoke on the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors and infection in human gingival epithelial cells (GECs). We found that cigarette smoke condensates (CSC) upregulated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in GECs, and that CSC activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling in the oral cells. ACE2 was known to mediate SARS-CoV-2 internalization, and we demonstrate that CSC treatment potentiated the internalization of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus in GECs in an AhR-dependent manner. AhR depletion using small interference RNA decreased SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus internalization in CSC-treated GECs compared with control GECs. Our study reveals that cigarette smoke upregulates SARS-CoV-2 receptor expression and infection in oral cells. Understanding the mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells of the oral cavity may suggest therapeutic interventions for preventing viral infection and transmission.
    Keywords cigarette smoke ; smoking ; ACE2 ; TMPRSS2 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Introduction to miniseries on DNA and cancer

    Jean Kanellopoulos / David M Ojcius

    Biomedical Journal, Vol 38, Iss 2, Pp 101-

    2015  Volume 101

    Keywords Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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