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Article ; Online: Pleistocene Bryozoans from the Clyde Clay Formation of Scotland, and the Holocene Retreat of Cold-Water Species

Paul David Taylor

Taxonomy, Vol 1, Iss 8, Pp 69-

2021 Volume 82

Abstract: Although bryozoans are a diverse phylum of aquatic invertebrates with a rich fossil record, very little has been written about bryozoan faunas from the latest Pleistocene at a time of rapid global change when temperatures increased dramatically and the ... ...

Abstract	Although bryozoans are a diverse phylum of aquatic invertebrates with a rich fossil record, very little has been written about bryozoan faunas from the latest Pleistocene at a time of rapid global change when temperatures increased dramatically and the sea-level rose. Two species of cyclostome and eight species of cheilostome bryozoans are here described from the late Devensian Clyde Clay Formation of Greenock, Scotland, based on historical material in the collections of the NHM, UK. All are illustrated for the first time from this deposit using scanning electron microscopy. Three of the species ( Tubulipora cf. marisalbi , Rhamphostomella radiatula and Schizomavella porifera ) are unknown from the seas around Scotland at the present-day but occur in colder waters to the north. This is consistent with the poleward retreat of cold-water species as seawater temperatures increased at the end of the Pleistocene.
Keywords	Bryozoa ; Pleistocene ; Scotland ; biogeography ; global warming ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Medical student perspectives on substance misuse education in the medical undergraduate programme

Senthan Rudrakumar / Natasha Varshney / Reverend David Taylor

BMC Medical Education, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a grounded theory approach

2023 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract Background Substance misuse teaching within the undergraduate medical curriculum has been underrepresented compared to more traditional medical topics. In response several national curriculum reviews such as the most recent UK department of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Substance misuse teaching within the undergraduate medical curriculum has been underrepresented compared to more traditional medical topics. In response several national curriculum reviews such as the most recent UK department of health initiative (DOH) have identified deficiencies in substance misuse education and have suggested curriculum interventions for local faculties to implement. The student perspective however has largely been muted during this process and this study aims to explore this using a constructivist grounded theory approach. Methods Eleven final year and intercalating medical students across three separate focus groups participated in this study over a three-month period commencing from March 2018. Time between the audio recorded focus groups allowed for a parallel process of data collection and analysis into more focussed codes and categories to occur, consistent with the grounded theory approach. The qualitative study took place in a single medical school in the UK. Results Medical students had a common consensus that substance misuse education was an underperforming subject in their curriculum, from limited teaching hours to curriculum design and organisational problems. Students identified an alternative curriculum is required to not only prepare students for their future clinical duties but also their own personal lives. Students highlighted this proximity to a ‘dangerous world’ where exposure to substance misuse risks were faced daily. This exposure also provided a source of informal learning experiences which students deemed as being potentially unbalanced and even dangerous. Students also identified unique barriers to curriculum change with reference to a lack of openness due to the impacts of disclosure in substance misuse. Conclusion Large scale curriculum initiatives appear to correspond to the student voice obtained in this study, providing backing for the implementation of a co-ordinated substance misuse curriculum within medical schools. The student voice ...
Keywords	Substance misuse education ; Addiction in medical school ; Informal learning ; Student voice ; Curriculum change ; Special aspects of education ; LC8-6691 ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	420
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Maternal Nutritional Status and the Microbiome across the Pregnancy and the Post-Partum Period.

Strobel, Katie M / Juul, Sandra E / Hendrixson, David Taylor

Microorganisms

2023 Volume 11, Issue 6

Abstract: Appropriate nutrition during pregnancy and the post-partum period is vital for both the mothers and their offspring. Both under- and over-nourished status may have important microbial implications on the maternal and infant gut microbiomes. Alterations ... ...

Abstract	Appropriate nutrition during pregnancy and the post-partum period is vital for both the mothers and their offspring. Both under- and over-nourished status may have important microbial implications on the maternal and infant gut microbiomes. Alterations in the microbiome can have implications for a person's risk of obesity and metabolic diseases. In this review, we examine alterations in the maternal gut, vaginal, placental, and milk microbiomes in the context of pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, body composition, gestational diabetes, and maternal diet. We also investigate how the infant gut microbiome may be altered by these different parameters. Many of the microbial changes seen in under- and over-nourished states in birthing parents may result in long-term implications for the health of offspring. Differences in diet appear to be a major driver of the maternal and subsequently milk and offspring microbiomes. Further prospective longitudinal cohort studies are needed to examine nutrition and the microbiome to better understand its implications. Additionally, trials involving dietary interventions in child-bearing age adults should be explored to improve the mother and child's risks for metabolic diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms11061569
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Maternal Nutritional Status and the Microbiome across the Pregnancy and the Post-Partum Period

Katie M. Strobel / Sandra E. Juul / David Taylor Hendrixson

Microorganisms, Vol 11, Iss 1569, p

2023 Volume 1569

Abstract	Appropriate nutrition during pregnancy and the post-partum period is vital for both the mothers and their offspring. Both under- and over-nourished status may have important microbial implications on the maternal and infant gut microbiomes. Alterations in the microbiome can have implications for a person’s risk of obesity and metabolic diseases. In this review, we examine alterations in the maternal gut, vaginal, placental, and milk microbiomes in the context of pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, body composition, gestational diabetes, and maternal diet. We also investigate how the infant gut microbiome may be altered by these different parameters. Many of the microbial changes seen in under- and over-nourished states in birthing parents may result in long-term implications for the health of offspring. Differences in diet appear to be a major driver of the maternal and subsequently milk and offspring microbiomes. Further prospective longitudinal cohort studies are needed to examine nutrition and the microbiome to better understand its implications. Additionally, trials involving dietary interventions in child-bearing age adults should be explored to improve the mother and child’s risks for metabolic diseases.
Keywords	maternal nutrition ; obesity ; pregnancy ; microbiome ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The effect of COVID-19 on absolute neutrophil counts in patients taking clozapine

Siobhan Gee / David Taylor

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, Vol

2020 Volume 10

Abstract: Clozapine is associated with haematological side effects, including neutropaenia, which can signal impending life-threatening agranulocytosis. Patients with COVID-19 infection frequently experience lymphopaenia, but not neutropaenia. We present 13 ... ...

Abstract	Clozapine is associated with haematological side effects, including neutropaenia, which can signal impending life-threatening agranulocytosis. Patients with COVID-19 infection frequently experience lymphopaenia, but not neutropaenia. We present 13 patients established on clozapine who developed COVID-19 infection. There were no significant differences in total white cell or neutrophil counts between pre-COVID-19, intra-COVID-19 or post-COVID-19 periods. We therefore suggest that patients who develop COVID-19 should generally have their clozapine treatment continued. Patients taking clozapine who develop neutroapaenia during COVID-19 infection should be investigated and monitored as in normal practice, because changes in neutrophil counts cannot be assumed to be due to the viral infection.
Keywords	Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950 ; Psychiatry ; RC435-571 ; covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Analysing synthesis of evidence in a systematic review in health professions education

Gillian Maudsley / David Taylor

Medical Education Online, Vol 25, Iss

observations on struggling beyond Kirkpatrick

2020 Volume 1

Abstract: Background: Systematic reviews in health professions education may well under-report struggles to synthesize disparate evidence that defies standard quantitative approaches. This paper reports further process analysis in a previously reported systematic ... ...

Abstract	Background: Systematic reviews in health professions education may well under-report struggles to synthesize disparate evidence that defies standard quantitative approaches. This paper reports further process analysis in a previously reported systematic review about mobile devices on clinical placements. Objective: For a troublesome systematic review: (1) Analyse further the distribution and reliability of classifying the evidence to Maxwell quality dimensions (beyond ‘Does it work?’) and their overlap with Kirkpatrick K-levels. (2) Analyse how the abstracts represented those dimensions of the evidence-base. (3) Reflect on difficulties in synthesis and merits of Maxwell dimensions. Design: Following integrative synthesis of 45 K2–K4 primary studies (by combined content–thematic analysis in the pragmatism paradigm): (1) Hierarchical cluster analysis explored overlap between Maxwell dimensions and K-levels. Independent and consensus-coding to Maxwell dimensions compared (using: percentages; kappa; McNemar hypothesis-testing) pre- vs post-discussion and (2) article abstract vs main body. (3) Narrative summary captured process difficulties and merits. Results: (1) The largest cluster (five-cluster dendrogram) was acceptability–accessibility–K1–appropriateness–K3, with K1 and K4 widely separated. For article main bodies, independent coding agreed most for appropriateness (good; adjusted kappa = 0.78). Evidence increased significantly pre–post-discussion about acceptability (p = 0.008; 31/45→39/45), accessibility, and equity-ethics-professionalism. (2) Abstracts suggested efficiency significantly less than main bodies evidenced: 31.1% vs 44.4%, p = 0.031. 3) Challenges and merits emerged for before, during, and after the review. Conclusions: There should be more systematic reporting of process analysis about difficulties synthesizing suboptimal evidence-bases. In this example, Maxwell dimensions were a useful framework beyond K-levels for classifying and synthesizing the evidence-base.
Keywords	best evidence ; cluster analysis ; epistemology ; evidence-based education ; evidence synthesis ; kirkpatrick levels ; maxwell dimensions of quality ; medical education ; process analysis ; systematic review ; Special aspects of education ; LC8-6691 ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A basilosaurid archaeocete (Cetacea, Pelagiceti) from the Late Eocene of Oregon, USA

Mark D. Uhen / David Taylor

PeerJ, Vol 8, p e

2020 Volume 9809

Abstract: Background Basilosaurid archaeocetes are known from the Late Eocene of virtually all coastlines bearing coeval marine rocks except the North Pacific Basin, until now. Here we report on three consecutive posterior thoracic vertebrae of a large, ... ...

Abstract	Background Basilosaurid archaeocetes are known from the Late Eocene of virtually all coastlines bearing coeval marine rocks except the North Pacific Basin, until now. Here we report on three consecutive posterior thoracic vertebrae of a large, basilosaurid archaeocete from a Late Eocene horizon in the Keasey Formation in Oregon. Methods These vertebrae were morphologically and morphometrically compared to other vertebrae of similar age from around the world. Results The specimens were determined to be different from all currently named species of fossil cetacean, but most similar to those found in the Gulf Coast region of North America. These vertebrae represent the first confirmed specimen of a Late Eocene basilosaurid from the North Pacific. These and other basilosaurids known only from vertebrae are reviewed here in the context of Late Eocene paleoceanography and cetacean evolution.
Keywords	Cetacea ; Biogeography ; Eocene ; Pacific Ocean ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The Effect of Breastfeeding Practices of Undernourished Mothers in Rural Sierra Leone on Infant Growth and Mortality.

Koroma, Aminata Shamit / Stephenson, Kevin B / Iversen, Per O / Manary, Mark J / Hendrixson, David Taylor

Children (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 11, Issue 2

Abstract: Breastfeeding provides optimal infant nutrition; however, <50% of infants are exclusively breastfed (EBF) for 6 months. We aimed to describe breastfeeding practices and their effects on growth and mortality among a high-risk mother-infant cohort in rural ...

Abstract	Breastfeeding provides optimal infant nutrition; however, <50% of infants are exclusively breastfed (EBF) for 6 months. We aimed to describe breastfeeding practices and their effects on growth and mortality among a high-risk mother-infant cohort in rural Sierra Leone. This was a secondary analysis of data from a randomized nutrition intervention trial among undernourished pregnant women. The study's primary outcomes were infant weight and length gains at 6 weeks of age. We included 1270 singleton infants in the analysis, with 1092 (85.6%) having 24-week outcome data. At 6 weeks, 88% were EBF, but the rate of EBF decreased to 17% at 24 weeks. The EBF infants at 6 weeks had improved length (difference of 0.9 mm/week; 95% CI 0.4 to 1.3;
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2732685-8
ISSN	2227-9067
ISSN	2227-9067
DOI	10.3390/children11020233
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Article ; Online: CB1 antagonism increases excitatory synaptogenesis in a cortical spheroid model of fetal brain development

Alexis Papariello / David Taylor / Ken Soderstrom / Karen Litwa

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 17

Abstract: Abstract The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a complex role in the development of neural circuitry during fetal brain development. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) controls synaptic strength at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses and thus ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a complex role in the development of neural circuitry during fetal brain development. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) controls synaptic strength at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses and thus contributes to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory signaling. Imbalances in the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses have been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders associated with dysregulated central nervous system development including autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. The role of CB1 in human brain development has been difficult to study but advances in induced pluripotent stem cell technology have allowed us to model the fetal brain environment. Cortical spheroids resemble the cortex of the dorsal telencephalon during mid-fetal gestation and possess functional synapses, spontaneous activity, an astrocyte population, and pseudo-laminar organization. We first characterized the ECS using STORM microscopy and observed synaptic localization of components similar to that which is observed in the fetal brain. Next, using the CB1-selective antagonist SR141716A, we observed an increase in excitatory, and to a lesser extent, inhibitory synaptogenesis as measured by confocal image analysis. Further, CB1 antagonism increased the variability of spontaneous activity within developing neural networks, as measured by microelectrode array. Overall, we have established that cortical spheroids express ECS components and are thus a useful model for exploring endocannabinoid mediation of childhood neuropsychiatric disease.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: “We Have No Influence”

David Taylor

Stability : International Journal of Security and Development, Vol 2, Iss 3, p Art.

International Discourse and the Instrumentalisation of Transitional Justice in Burundi

2013 Volume 47

Abstract: Burundi may soon reach yet another crossroads in its tumultuous history and on its path towards transitional justice. A contentious draft law for a Truth and Reconciliation Commission awaits approval by the country’s National Assembly, which has raised a ...

Abstract	Burundi may soon reach yet another crossroads in its tumultuous history and on its path towards transitional justice. A contentious draft law for a Truth and Reconciliation Commission awaits approval by the country’s National Assembly, which has raised a number of concerns about the independence of the eventual commission, the likelihood of popular participation in the process and the prospects for criminal justice. But as this practice note seeks to demonstrate, the international community in Burundi may in fact be contributing to the instrumentalisation of the process. The note highlights how the discourse of the international community may partially facilitate a certain duplicity among influential figures within the current government, particularly with respect to compliance with stipulations under the 2000 Arusha Peace Agreement. Two common rationalisations in particular are explained that have seemingly emerged among the international community with respect to transitional justice and that are at the heart of this instrumentalisation: outside imposition and a lack of influence. The note argues that since transitional justice can no longer be regarded as an apolitical process, international actors must be more cognisant of their actions and discourse with a view to ensuring credible transitional justice processes in contexts like Burundi.
Keywords	Burundi ; transitional justice ; truth and reconciliation commission ; International relations ; JZ2-6530 ; Political science (General) ; JA1-92
Subject code	340
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Ubiquity Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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