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Article ; Online: Can Essential Oils Provide an Alternative Adjuvant Therapy for COVID-19 Infections and Pain Management at the Same Time?

Roxana Damiescu / David Y. W. Lee / Thomas Efferth

Pharmaceuticals, Vol 15, Iss 1387, p

2022 Volume 1387

Abstract: The active compounds from essential oils have been an important asset in treating different diseases for many centuries. Nowadays, there are various available formulations used as food supplements to stimulate the immune system. In light of the current ... ...

Abstract	The active compounds from essential oils have been an important asset in treating different diseases for many centuries. Nowadays, there are various available formulations used as food supplements to stimulate the immune system. In light of the current pandemic and the large amount of fake news circulating the internet, it is important to analyze which of the active compounds from essential oils can be successfully used in the treatment of COVID-19 infections. We analyzed the current literature on the effects of essential oils against the new SARS-CoV-2 virus to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these compounds and establish their possible antiviral efficacy. The available studies have highlighted the antiviral potential of active compounds from essential oils, indicating that they could be used as adjuvants in treating various viral infections, including COVID-19, leading to a milder course of the disease, and improving patients’ outcomes. At the same time, these compounds relieve pain and lift the mood in comorbid patients suffering from opioid addiction. Essential oils might be useful as adjuvant tools, not only against SARS-CoV-2 but also for a subset of especially vulnerable patients affected with both COVID-19 and opioid addiction. However, randomized clinical trials are needed to determine their efficacy and develop standardized high-quality preparations that can be safely administered to the general population.
Keywords	addiction ; aromatherapy ; antiviral activity ; inflammation ; opioid crisis ; pain ; Medicine ; R ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Health(care) in the Crisis

Roxana Damiescu / Mita Banerjee / David Y. W. Lee / Norbert W. Paul / Thomas Efferth

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 341, p

Reflections in Science and Society on Opioid Addiction

2021 Volume 341

Abstract: Opioid abuse and misuse have led to an epidemic which is currently spreading worldwide. Since the number of opioid overdoses is still increasing, it is becoming obvious that current rather unsystematic approaches to tackle this health problem are not ... ...

Abstract	Opioid abuse and misuse have led to an epidemic which is currently spreading worldwide. Since the number of opioid overdoses is still increasing, it is becoming obvious that current rather unsystematic approaches to tackle this health problem are not effective. This review suggests that fighting the opioid epidemic requires a structured public health approach. Therefore, it is important to consider not only scientific and biomedical perspectives, but societal implications and the lived experience of groups at risk as well. Hence, this review evaluates the risk factors associated with opioid overdoses and investigates the rates of chronic opioid misuse, particularly in the context of chronic pain as well as post-surgery treatments, as the entrance of opioids in people’s lives. Linking pharmaceutical biology to narrative analysis is essential to understand the modulations of the usual themes of addiction and abuse present in the opioid crisis. This paper shows that patient narratives can be an important resource in understanding the complexity of opioid abuse and addiction. In particular, the relationship between chronic pain and social inequality must be considered. The main goal of this review is to demonstrate how a deeper transdisciplinary-enriched understanding can lead to more precise strategies of prevention or treatment of opioid abuse.
Keywords	OxyContin ; opioid abuse ; chronic pain ; patient narratives ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion studies of lâisocorypalmine using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Wang, Weihui / Jing Liu / Xiaoning Zhao / Yan Peng / Nannan Wang / David Y. W. Lee / Ronghua Dai

Journal of separation science. 2017 Mar., v. 40, no. 5

2017

Abstract: lâIsocorypalmine is a newly identified metabolite of lâtetrahydropalmatine with a unique dual pharmacological profile as a partial dopamine receptor 1 agonist and dopamine receptor 2 antagonist properties for treating cocaine use disorder. The ... ...

Abstract	lâIsocorypalmine is a newly identified metabolite of lâtetrahydropalmatine with a unique dual pharmacological profile as a partial dopamine receptor 1 agonist and dopamine receptor 2 antagonist properties for treating cocaine use disorder. The purpose of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetic profiles, tissue distribution, and excretion of lâisocorypalmine in SpragueâDawley rats. A sensitive and reliable ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for determination of lâisocorypalmine in biological samples. The biological samples were extracted by liquidâliquid extraction and separated on a Bonshell ASB Cââ column (2.1 Ã 100 mm, 2.7 Î¼m, Agela) with gradient mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The detection was performed by positive electrospray ionization with multiple reaction monitoring mode. Satisfactory linearity, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, and acceptable matrix effect were achieved. The quantitative method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion study of lâisocorypalmine. The results showed that lâisocorypalmine was rapidly distributed, and eliminated from rat plasma and manifested linear dynamics in a dose range of 7.5â15 mg/kg. In addition, the results would be helpful for further clinical reference of lâisocorypalmine as a potential candidate drug for the treatment of cocaine addiction.
Keywords	agonists ; antagonists ; cocaine ; dopamine receptors ; drugs ; excretion ; ionization ; liquid-liquid extraction ; metabolites ; monitoring ; pharmacokinetics ; quantitative analysis ; rats ; tandem mass spectrometry ; tissue distribution ; ultra-performance liquid chromatography
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-03
Size	p. 1040-1048.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2047990-6
ISSN	1615-9314 ; 1615-9306
ISSN (online)	1615-9314
ISSN	1615-9306
DOI	10.1002/jssc.201601068
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Chinese Herbal Formula Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan Protects against Bone Damage in Adjuvant Arthritis by Modulating the Mediators of Bone Remodeling

Siddaraju M. Nanjundaiah / David Y.-W. Lee / Brian M. Berman / Kamal D. Moudgil

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol

2013 Volume 2013

Abstract: Huo-luo-xiao-ling dan (HLXL) is an herbal mixture that has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory disorders. Despite the availability of potent conventionally used drugs for RA, ...

Abstract	Huo-luo-xiao-ling dan (HLXL) is an herbal mixture that has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory disorders. Despite the availability of potent conventionally used drugs for RA, their limited efficacy in a proportion of patients coupled with their high cost and severe adverse effects has necessitated the search for novel therapeutics for this debilitating disease. Further, the control of both inflammation and bone damage is essential for effective management of arthritis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of HLXL against arthritic bone damage in adjuvant arthritis (AA) model of RA. Our results show that HLXL treatment suppressed inflammatory arthritis and reduced bone and cartilage damage in the joints of arthritic Lewis rats. HLXL-induced protection against bone damage was mediated primarily via inhibition of mediators of osteoclastic bone remodeling (e.g., receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; RANKL), skewing of RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio in favor of antiosteoclastic activity, reduction in the number of osteoclasts in the arthrodial joint's bone, and inhibition of cytokine production and MMP activity. Our results suggest that HLXL might offer a promising alternative/adjunct treatment for both inflammation and bone damage in RA.
Keywords	Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Simultaneous determination of seven coumarins by UPLCâMS/MS: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and arthritic rats after oral administration of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan or single-herb extract

Wu, Yun / David Y.-W. Lee / Fenrong Wang / Qiaoxia Bian / Ronghua Dai / Wen Ma / Yu Ai

Journal of Chromatography B. 2015 June 01, v. 991

2015

Abstract: A simple, sensitive and reliable ultra performance liquid chromatographyâtandem mass spectrometry (UPLCâMS/MS) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of seven coumarins, the bio-active ingredients of Huo Luo Xiao Ling ... ...

Abstract	A simple, sensitive and reliable ultra performance liquid chromatographyâtandem mass spectrometry (UPLCâMS/MS) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of seven coumarins, the bio-active ingredients of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD), in rat plasma. The liquidâliquid extraction method with etherâdichloromethane (2:1, v/v) was used to prepare the plasma samples. Analytes and internal standard (IS) of bifendate were separated on a Shim-pack XR-ODS column (75mmÃ3.0mm, 2.2Î¼m particles) using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.05% formic acid in water at a flow rate of 0.4mL/min. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole (TQ) tandem mass spectrometry equipped with an electrospray ionization source in the positive ionization and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The lower limits of quantitation (LLOQ) were 0.03â0.25ng/mL for all the analytes. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy of the seven analytes were well within acceptance criteria (15%). The matrix effect and the mean extraction recoveries of the analytes and IS from rat plasma were all within satisfaction. The validated method has been successfully applied to compare pharmacokinetic profiles of the seven active ingredients in rat plasma between normal and arthritic rats after oral administration of HLXLD, Angelica pubescens extract and Notopterygium incisum extract, respectively. Results showed that there were remarkable differences in pharmacokinetic properties of the analytes among the different groups.
Keywords	active ingredients ; Angelica ; coumarins ; formic acid ; Hansenia weberbaueriana ; ionization ; liquid chromatography ; liquid-liquid extraction ; methanol ; monitoring ; oral administration ; pharmacokinetics ; rats ; tandem mass spectrometry ; water flow
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-0601
Size	p. 108-117.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	1570-0232
DOI	10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.04.017
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Palmitic acid analogs exhibit nanomolar binding affinity for the HIV-1 CD4 receptor and nanomolar inhibition of gp120-to-CD4 fusion.

Elena E Paskaleva / Jing Xue / David Y-W Lee / Alexander Shekhtman / Mario Canki

PLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 8, p e

2010 Volume 12168

Abstract: We recently reported that palmitic acid (PA) is a novel and efficient CD4 fusion inhibitor to HIV-1 entry and infection. In the present report, based on in silico modeling of the novel CD4 pocket that binds PA, we describe discovery of highly potent PA ... ...

Abstract	We recently reported that palmitic acid (PA) is a novel and efficient CD4 fusion inhibitor to HIV-1 entry and infection. In the present report, based on in silico modeling of the novel CD4 pocket that binds PA, we describe discovery of highly potent PA analogs with increased CD4 receptor binding affinities (K(d)) and gp120-to-CD4 inhibition constants (K(i)). The PA analogs were selected to satisfy Lipinski's rule of drug-likeness, increased solubility, and to avoid potential cytotoxicity.PA analog 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) was most efficacious with K(d) approximately 74 nM and K(i) approximately 122 nM, ascorbyl palmitate (6-AP) exhibited slightly higher K(d) approximately 140 nM and K(i) approximately 354 nM, and sucrose palmitate (SP) was least efficacious binding to CD4 with K(d) approximately 364 nM and inhibiting gp120-to-CD4 binding with K(i) approximately 1486 nM. Importantly, PA and its analogs specifically bound to the CD4 receptor with the one to one stoichiometry.Considering observed differences between K(i) and K(d) values indicates clear and rational direction for improving inhibition efficacy to HIV-1 entry and infection. Taken together this report introduces a novel class of natural small molecules fusion inhibitors with nanomolar efficacy of CD4 receptor binding and inhibition of HIV-1 entry.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Microarray Analysis Reveals the Molecular Basis of Antiarthritic Activity of Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan

Hua Yu / David Y.-W. Lee / Siddaraju M. Nanjundaiah / Shivaprasad H. Venkatesha / Brian M. Berman / Kamal D. Moudgil

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol

2013 Volume 2013

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of autoimmune origin. Huo-luo-xiao-ling dan (HLXL) is an herbal mixture that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine over several decades to treat chronic inflammatory diseases including ... ...

Abstract	Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of autoimmune origin. Huo-luo-xiao-ling dan (HLXL) is an herbal mixture that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine over several decades to treat chronic inflammatory diseases including RA. However, the mechanism of the anti-arthritic action of this herbal remedy is poorly understood at the molecular level. In this study, we determined by microarray analysis the effects of HLXL on the global gene expression profile of the draining lymph node cells (LNC) in the rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) model of human RA. In LNC restimulated in vitro with the disease-related antigen mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 (Bhsp65), 84 differentially expressed genes (DEG) (64 upregulated and 20 downregulated) versus 120 DEG (94 upregulated and 26 downregulated) were identified in HLXL-treated versus vehicle (Water)-treated rats, respectively, and 62 DEG (45 upregulated and 17 downregulated) were shared between the two groups. The most affected pathways in response to HLXL treatment included immune response, inflammation, cellular proliferation and apoptosis, and metabolic processes, many of which are directly relevant to arthritis pathogenesis. These results would advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the anti-arthritic activity of HLXL.
Keywords	Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Isoquinoline Alkaloids Isolated from Corydalis yanhusuo and Their Binding Affinities at the Dopamine D1 Receptor

David Y. W. Lee / Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen / Bryan L. Roth / Niels H. Jensen / Wei Xu / Zhong-Ze Ma

Molecules, Vol 13, Iss 9, Pp 2303-

2008 Volume 2312

Abstract: Bioactivity-guided fractionation of Corydalis yanhusuo has resulted in the isolation of eight known isoquinoline alkaloids - tetrahydropalmatine, isocorypalmine, stylopine, corydaline, columbamine, coptisin, 13-methylpalmatine, and dehydrocorybulbine. ... ...

Abstract	Bioactivity-guided fractionation of Corydalis yanhusuo has resulted in the isolation of eight known isoquinoline alkaloids - tetrahydropalmatine, isocorypalmine, stylopine, corydaline, columbamine, coptisin, 13-methylpalmatine, and dehydrocorybulbine. The tertiary alkaloids were further analyzed by chiral HPLC to determine the ratios of d-and l-isomers. The isolated compounds were screened for their binding affinities at the dopamine D1 receptor. Isocorypalmine had the highest affinity (Ki = 83 nM). The structure-affinity relationships of these alkaloids are discussed.
Keywords	Corydalis yanhusuo ; Isoquinoline alkaloids ; d/l Ratio ; Chiral HPLC ; Dopamine receptor ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Modified Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan Suppresses Adjuvant Arthritis by Inhibiting Chemokines and Matrix-Degrading Enzymes

Siddaraju M. Nanjundaiah / David Y.-W. Lee / Zhongze Ma / Harry H. S. Fong / Lixing Lao / Brian M. Berman / Kamal D. Moudgil

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol

2012 Volume 2012

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the joints that can lead to deformities and disability. The prolonged use of conventionally used drugs is associated with severe adverse reactions. Therefore, safer and less expensive ... ...

Abstract	Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the joints that can lead to deformities and disability. The prolonged use of conventionally used drugs is associated with severe adverse reactions. Therefore, safer and less expensive therapeutic products are continually being sought. Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling dan (HLXL), a traditional Chinese herbal mixture, and its modified versions possess anti-arthritic activity. In this paper, we examined the influence of modified HLXL on two of the key mediators of arthritic inflammation and tissue damage, namely, chemokines and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) model of RA. We treated arthritic Lewis rats with HLXL (2.3 g/kg) by daily gavage beginning at the onset of AA. The control rats received the vehicle. At the peak phase of AA, rats were sacrificed and their draining lymph node cells (LNC) and spleen adherent cells (SAC) were tested. The HLXL-treated rats showed a significant reduction in the levels of chemokines (RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and GRO/KC), MMPs (MMP 2 and 9), as well as cytokines (IL-6 and IL-17) that induce them, compared to the control vehicle-treated rats. Thus, HLXL controls arthritis in part by suppressing the mediators of immune pathology, and it might offer a promising alternative/adjunct treatment for RA.
Keywords	Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Suppression of Ongoing Experimental Arthritis by a Chinese Herbal Formula (Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan) Involves Changes in Antigen-Induced Immunological and Biochemical Mediators of Inflammation

Ying-Hua Yang / Rajesh Rajaiah / David Y.-W Lee / Zhongze Ma / Hua Yu / Harry H. S. Fong / Lixing Lao / Brian M. Berman / Kamal D. Moudgil

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol

2011 Volume 2011

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the major autoimmune diseases of global prevalence. The use of the anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of RA is associated with severe adverse reactions and toxicity. This limitation has necessitated the search ... ...

Abstract	Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the major autoimmune diseases of global prevalence. The use of the anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of RA is associated with severe adverse reactions and toxicity. This limitation has necessitated the search for novel therapeutic products. We report here a traditional Chinese medicine-based herbal formula, Huo luo xiao ling dan (HLXL), which has potent antiarthritic activity as validated in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) model. HLXL (2.3 g/Kg) was fed to Lewis (RT.11) rats daily by gavage beginning at the onset of arthritis and then continued through the observation period. HLXL inhibited the severity of ongoing AA. This suppression of arthritis was associated with significant alterations in the T cell proliferative and cytokine responses as well as the antibody response against the disease-related antigen, mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 (Bhsp65). There was a reduction in the level of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IL-1β but enhancement of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level. In addition, there was inhibition of both the anti-Bhsp65 antibody response and the serum level of nitric oxide. Thus, HLXL is a promising CAM modality for further testing in RA patients.
Keywords	Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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