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Article ; Online: Dynamic baselines for the detection of water quality impacts - the case of shale gas development.

Worrall, Fred / Davies, Richard J / Hart, Alwyn

Environmental science. Processes & impacts

2021 Volume 23, Issue 8, Page(s) 1116–1129

Abstract: There is a need for the development of effective baselines against which the water quality impacts of new developments can be assessed. The specific conductance of flowback water from shale gas operations is typically many times the specific conductance ... ...

Abstract	There is a need for the development of effective baselines against which the water quality impacts of new developments can be assessed. The specific conductance of flowback water from shale gas operations is typically many times the specific conductance of surface water and near-surface groundwater. This contrast in specific conductance means that specific conductance could be the ideal determinand for detecting water quality impacts from shale gas extraction. If specific conductance is to be used for detecting the impacts of shale gas operations, then a baseline of specific conductance in water bodies is required. Here, Bayesian hierarchical modelling of specific conductance was applied across English groundwater. The modelling used existing, spot-sampled data from the years 2000 to 2018 from 537 unique borehole locations. When the differences between boreholes was considered, then the approach was sufficiently sensitive to detect 1% mixing of fracking fluid in groundwater at a 95% confidence interval. The Bayesian hierarchical modelling maximises the return on public investment and provides a means by which future observations can be judged.
MeSH term(s)	Bayes Theorem ; Groundwater ; Hydraulic Fracking ; Natural Gas ; Oil and Gas Fields ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Quality
Chemical Substances	Natural Gas ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703814-2
ISSN	2050-7895 ; 2050-7887
ISSN (online)	2050-7895
ISSN	2050-7887
DOI	10.1039/d0em00440e
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Article: Dynamic baselines for the detection of water quality impacts – the case of shale gas development

Worrall, Fred / Davies, Richard J. / Hart, Alwyn

Environmental science. 2021 Aug. 18, v. 23, no. 8

2021

Abstract	There is a need for the development of effective baselines against which the water quality impacts of new developments can be assessed. The specific conductance of flowback water from shale gas operations is typically many times the specific conductance of surface water and near-surface groundwater. This contrast in specific conductance means that specific conductance could be the ideal determinand for detecting water quality impacts from shale gas extraction. If specific conductance is to be used for detecting the impacts of shale gas operations, then a baseline of specific conductance in water bodies is required. Here, Bayesian hierarchical modelling of specific conductance was applied across English groundwater. The modelling used existing, spot-sampled data from the years 2000 to 2018 from 537 unique borehole locations. When the differences between boreholes was considered, then the approach was sufficiently sensitive to detect 1% mixing of fracking fluid in groundwater at a 95% confidence interval. The Bayesian hierarchical modelling maximises the return on public investment and provides a means by which future observations can be judged.
Keywords	Bayesian theory ; confidence interval ; groundwater ; hydraulic fracturing ; public investment ; shale gas ; surface water ; water quality
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0818
Size	p. 1116-1129.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2703814-2
ISSN	2050-7895 ; 2050-7887
ISSN (online)	2050-7895
ISSN	2050-7887
DOI	10.1039/d0em00440e
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Article ; Online: Long-distance migration and venting of methane from the base of the hydrate stability zone

Davies, Richard J. / Yang, Jinxiu / Ireland, Mark T. / Berndt, Christian / Maqueda, Miguel Ángel Morales / Huuse, Mads

2024

Abstract: Marine methane hydrate is an ice-like substance that is stable in sediment around marine continental margins where water depths are greater than ~450–700 m. The release of methane due to melting of hydrates is considered to be a mechanism for past global ...

Abstract	Marine methane hydrate is an ice-like substance that is stable in sediment around marine continental margins where water depths are greater than ~450–700 m. The release of methane due to melting of hydrates is considered to be a mechanism for past global carbon-cycle perturbations and could exacerbate ongoing anthropogenic climate change. Increases in bottom-water temperature at the landward limit of marine hydrate around continental margins, where vulnerable hydrate exists at or below the seabed, cause methane to vent into the ocean. However, this setting represents only ~3.5% of the global hydrate reservoir. The potential for methane from hydrate in deeper water to reach the atmosphere was considered negligible. Here we use three-dimensional (3D) seismic imagery to show that, on the Mauritanian margin, methane migrated at least 40 km below the base of the hydrate stability zone and vented through 23 pockmarks at the shelf break, probably during warmer Quaternary interglacials. We demonstrate that, under suitable circumstances, some of the 96.5% of methane bound in deeper water distal hydrates can reach the seafloor and vent into the ocean beyond the landward limit of marine hydrate. This reservoir should therefore be considered for estimating climate change-induced methane release during a warming world.
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publisher	Nature Research
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Intersphincteric epidermoid inclusion cyst: report of a rare case.

Ashcroft, James / Mahler-Araujo, Betania / Davies, Richard J

Journal of surgical case reports

2020 Volume 2020, Issue 3, Page(s) rjaa004

Abstract: Epidermoid inclusion cysts of the perineal region are a rare entity, which require appropriate diagnosis and management. Here we describe the unusual case of a large protruding epidermoid inclusion cyst originating from the intersphincteric anal plane, ... ...

Abstract	Epidermoid inclusion cysts of the perineal region are a rare entity, which require appropriate diagnosis and management. Here we describe the unusual case of a large protruding epidermoid inclusion cyst originating from the intersphincteric anal plane, which was mobilized and excised successfully. Essential investigations to ensure accurate diagnosis in addition to surgical technique to reduce recurrence and patient morbidity are described in this case report.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2042-8812
ISSN	2042-8812
DOI	10.1093/jscr/rjaa004
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Article ; Online: Surgeons' view of the PREVENTT trial. Comment on Br J Anaesth 2021; 126: 9-11.

Meyer, Jeremy / Di Saverio, Salomone / Ris, Frédéric / Davies, Richard J

British journal of anaesthesia

2021 Volume 126, Issue 3, Page(s) e84–e86

MeSH term(s)	Administration, Intravenous ; Anemia ; Humans ; Iron/therapeutic use ; Patient Readmission ; Surgeons
Chemical Substances	Iron (E1UOL152H7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80074-0
ISSN	1471-6771 ; 0007-0912
ISSN (online)	1471-6771
ISSN	0007-0912
DOI	10.1016/j.bja.2020.11.025
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Article ; Online: Fire and land use impact soil properties in a Mediterranean dry sclerophyll woodland.

Ondik, Mercedes M / Bennell, Michael / Davies, Richard J-P / Ooi, Mark K J / Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam

Journal of environmental management

2022 Volume 324, Page(s) 116245

Abstract: Fire directly impacts soil properties responsible for soil function and can result in soil degradation. Across the globe, climate change-induced droughts and elevated temperatures are exacerbating fire regime severity, breadth, and frequency, thus posing ...

Abstract	Fire directly impacts soil properties responsible for soil function and can result in soil degradation. Across the globe, climate change-induced droughts and elevated temperatures are exacerbating fire regime severity, breadth, and frequency, thus posing a threat to soil function and dependent ecosystem services. In Australia, the 2019-2020 fire season consumed nearly 50% of Kangaroo Island, South Australia, burning both dry sclerophyll woodland and adjacent historically cleared and grazed pastureland. Due to exacerbated fire regime elements, e.g., intensity and area affected, and interactions with historical land use, post-fire recovery of soil function was uncertain. This study assessed the impacts of a) the 2019-2020 fire event in Western River, Kangaroo Island on dry sclerophyll woodland and b) the interaction between this fire event and historical clearing and grazing on post-fire function of the soil. To do so, the following physicochemical and biological soil properties were analysed: labile active carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), pH, electrical conductivity, soil water repellency, aggregate stability, microbial community composition, and microbial diversity. Our results showed that the fire was of high severity, causing a reduction in nutrient content, an extreme rise in pH, and significant modifications to fungal communities in burnt compared to unburnt dry sclerophyll woodland. Furthermore, clearing and grazing raised post-fire soil nutrient levels and soil microbial diversity but reduced soil C/N and the abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in burnt pastureland compared to burnt woodland soils. This study highlights the role of management and fire severity in post-fire outcomes and emphasizes the need for comprehensive soil function assessments to evaluate the impacts of disturbance on soil. Taking direct measure of soil properties, as done here, will improve future assessments of fire season impacts and post-fire recovery in fire-prone landscapes.
MeSH term(s)	Soil/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; Fires ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Carbon ; Microbiota
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Nitrogen (N762921K75) ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116245
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Article ; Online: Methane contamination of drinking water caused by hydraulic fracturing remains unproven.

Davies, Richard J

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2011 Volume 108, Issue 43, Page(s) E871; author reply E872

MeSH term(s)	Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Fossil Fuels ; Industrial Waste/analysis ; Methane/analysis ; Water Supply/standards
Chemical Substances	Fossil Fuels ; Industrial Waste ; Methane (OP0UW79H66)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-10-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1113299108
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Article: A case of successful surgical management of primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma.

Afzal, Zeeshan / Stupalkowska, Weronika / Mahler-Araujo, Maria B / Bowden, David / Davies, Richard J

Journal of surgical case reports

2020 Volume 2020, Issue 3, Page(s) rjaa045

Abstract: Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma (PRMC) is a rare tumour. It was first reported in 1965, and since then, less than 100 cases have been reported. It is cystic in nature and most commonly affects the female population. It becomes symptomatic in ...

Abstract	Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma (PRMC) is a rare tumour. It was first reported in 1965, and since then, less than 100 cases have been reported. It is cystic in nature and most commonly affects the female population. It becomes symptomatic in later stages due to its mass effect, making the diagnosis challenging in its early asymptomatic stage. We report a case of a 32-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain and a mass in left iliac fossa. Diagnostic imaging revealed a large cystic lesion in retroperitoneum. A midline laparotomy was performed, and a complete surgical excision was accomplished without any spillage. Surgical histology confirmed the diagnosis of PRMC. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 2. There was no evidence of tumour recurrence on repeat imaging at 90-day follow-up. Surgical approach, with complete resection and without any spillage, remains the most effective and appropriate treatment for this tumour.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ISSN	2042-8812
ISSN	2042-8812
DOI	10.1093/jscr/rjaa045
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Article ; Online: Concussion History and Balance Performance in Adolescent Rugby Union Players.

Matthews, Mark / Johnston, William / Bleakley, Chris M / Davies, Richard J / Rankin, Alan T / Webb, Michael / Caulfield, Brian C / Archbold, H A P

The American journal of sports medicine

2021 Volume 49, Issue 5, Page(s) 1348–1354

Abstract: Background: Sports-related concussion is a worldwide problem. There is a concern that an initial concussion can cause prolonged subclinical disturbances to sensorimotor function that increase the risk of subsequent injury. The primary aim of this study ... ...

Abstract	Background: Sports-related concussion is a worldwide problem. There is a concern that an initial concussion can cause prolonged subclinical disturbances to sensorimotor function that increase the risk of subsequent injury. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether a history of sports-related concussion has effects on static and dynamic balance performance in adolescent rugby players. Hypothesis: Dynamic balance would be worse in players with a history of concussion compared with those with no history of concussion. Study design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Male adolescent rugby players aged 14 to 18 years from 5 schools were recruited before the start of the 2018-2019 playing season. Participants completed questionnaires and physical tests, including dynamic Y balance and single-leg static balance (eyes closed) tests, while performing single and dual tasks. Dynamic balance was assessed using inertial sensor instrumentation. Dependent variables were normalized reach distance and the sample entropy (SEn) of the 3 axes ( Results: Of the 195 participants, 100 reported a history of concussion. Those with a history of concussion demonstrated higher SEn in all directions, with highest values during anterior (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.4; 95% CI, 0.0-0.7; Conclusion: Adolescent rugby union athletes with a history of concussion had poorer dynamic balance during performance tasks compared with healthy controls. Static single-leg balance tests, either single or dual task, may not be sensitive enough to detect sensorimotor deficits in those with a history of concussion.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Athletes ; Athletic Injuries ; Brain Concussion ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Football ; Humans ; Male ; Postural Balance ; Schools
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197482-8
ISSN	1552-3365 ; 0363-5465
ISSN (online)	1552-3365
ISSN	0363-5465
DOI	10.1177/0363546521998709
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Article: Compartmentalisation and groundwater–surface water interactions in a prospective shale gas basin: Assessment using variance analysis and multivariate statistics on water quality data

Wilson, Miles P / Worrall, Fred / Clancy, Sarah A / Ottley, Chris J / Hart, Alwyn / Davies, Richard J

Hydrological processes. 2020 July 15, v. 34, no. 15

2020

Abstract: An environmental concern with hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is the risk of groundwater and surface water contamination. Assessing this risk partly involves the identification and understanding of groundwater–surface water interactions because ... ...

Abstract	An environmental concern with hydraulic fracturing for shale gas is the risk of groundwater and surface water contamination. Assessing this risk partly involves the identification and understanding of groundwater–surface water interactions because potentially contaminating fluids could move from one water body to the other along hydraulic pathways. In this study, we use water quality data from a prospective shale gas basin to determine: if surface water sampling could identify groundwater compartmentalisation by low‐permeability faults; and if surface waters interact with groundwater in underlying bedrock formations, thereby indicating hydraulic pathways. Variance analysis showed that bedrock geology was a significant factor influencing surface water quality, indicating regional‐scale groundwater–surface water interactions despite the presence of an overlying region‐wide layer of superficial deposits averaging 30–40 m thickness. We propose that surface waters interact with a weathered bedrock layer through the complex distribution of glaciofluvial sands and gravels. Principal component analysis showed that surface water compositions were constrained within groundwater end‐member compositions. Surface water quality data showed no relationship with groundwater compartmentalisation known to be caused by a major basin fault. Therefore, there was no chemical evidence to suggest that deeper groundwater in this particular area of the prospective basin was reaching the surface in response to compartmentalisation. Consequently, in this case compartmentalisation does not appear to increase the risk of fracking‐related contaminants reaching surface waters, although this may differ under different hydrogeological scenarios.
Keywords	basins ; bedrock ; groundwater ; multivariate analysis ; principal component analysis ; risk ; shale gas ; surface water ; variance ; water pollution ; water quality
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0715
Size	p. 3271-3294.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1479953-4
ISSN	1099-1085 ; 0885-6087
ISSN (online)	1099-1085
ISSN	0885-6087
DOI	10.1002/hyp.13795
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