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Article ; Online: Effect of Plate-Bone Distance and Working Length on 2.0-mm Locking Construct Stiffness and Plate Strain in a Diaphyseal Fracture Gap Model: A Biomechanical Study.

Evans, Alecia / Glyde, Mark / Day, Rob / Hosgood, Giselle

Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T

2023 Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–7

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of plate-bone distance (PBD) and working length on 2.0-mm locking compression plate (LCP) stiffness and strain in four-point bending and torsion in a diaphyseal fracture gap model.: Study ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of plate-bone distance (PBD) and working length on 2.0-mm locking compression plate (LCP) stiffness and strain in four-point bending and torsion in a diaphyseal fracture gap model. Study design: A total of 54 LCP with three screws per fragment were assigned to one of nine combinations of working length (WL; short, medium, and long), and PBD (1, 1.5, and 3 mm) for a sample size of six per construct configuration. Stiffness was measured under quasistatic, nondestructive four-point compression bending and torsion. Plate surface strain was recorded using three-dimensional (3D) digital image correlation during four-point compression bending. Results: WL had a significant effect on overall construct stiffness in both compression bending and in torsion, with shorter WL constructs having higher stiffness ( Conclusion: Longer WL constructs, regardless of PBD, had lower stiffness in compression bending, while in torsion, some modulation of this effect was noted with incremental decreases in PBD. Longer WL resulted in high plate strain, regardless of PBD.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/veterinary ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Fractures, Bone/veterinary ; Bone Plates/veterinary ; Bone and Bones
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	286750-3
ISSN	2567-6911 ; 0932-0814
ISSN (online)	2567-6911
ISSN	0932-0814
DOI	10.1055/s-0043-1771198
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Article: Effect of Plate–Bone Distance and Working Length on 2.0-mm Locking Construct Stiffness and Plate Strain in a Diaphyseal Fracture Gap Model: A Biomechanical Study

Evans, Alecia / Glyde, Mark / Day, Rob / Hosgood, Giselle

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology

2023 Volume 37, Issue 01, Page(s) 1–7

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of plate–bone distance (PBD) and working length on 2.0-mm locking compression plate (LCP) stiffness and strain in four-point bending and torsion in a diaphyseal fracture gap model.: Study ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of plate–bone distance (PBD) and working length on 2.0-mm locking compression plate (LCP) stiffness and strain in four-point bending and torsion in a diaphyseal fracture gap model. Study Design: A total of 54 LCP with three screws per fragment were assigned to one of nine combinations of working length (WL; short, medium, and long), and PBD (1, 1.5, and 3 mm) for a sample size of six per construct configuration. Stiffness was measured under quasistatic, nondestructive four-point compression bending and torsion. Plate surface strain was recorded using three-dimensional (3D) digital image correlation during four-point compression bending. Results: WL had a significant effect on overall construct stiffness in both compression bending and in torsion, with shorter WL constructs having higher stiffness ( p < 0.0001). PBD had no effect on construct stiffness in compression bending; however, a significant reduction in stiffness was noted in torsion ( p = 0.047) as PBD incrementally increased. WL had a significant effect on plate strain in compression bending, with shorter WL constructs having lower plate strain ( p < 0.0001). PBD had no effect on plate strain in compression bending except for lower plate strain recorded in long WL constructs with 1-mm PBD, compared with 1.5- and 3-mm PBD constructs ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Longer WL constructs, regardless of PBD, had lower stiffness in compression bending, while in torsion, some modulation of this effect was noted with incremental decreases in PBD. Longer WL resulted in high plate strain, regardless of PBD.
Keywords	biomechanics ; working length ; plate–bone distance ; stiffness ; strain
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-20
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	286750-3
ISSN	2567-6911 ; 0932-0814
ISSN (online)	2567-6911
ISSN	0932-0814
DOI	10.1055/s-0043-1771198
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Article: No evident effect of domestication on the anti-predator behaviour of European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata): Implications for stock enhancement programs

Chauvaud, Pierre / Day, Rob / Roussel, Sabine

Elsevier B.V. Applied animal behaviour science. 2021 Nov., v. 244

2021

Abstract: Stock-enhancement programs for the European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) might be an efficient way to restore collapsed natural populations or preserve fishing activities. Specifically, this practice consists of releasing hatchery-reared juveniles from ...

Abstract	Stock-enhancement programs for the European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) might be an efficient way to restore collapsed natural populations or preserve fishing activities. Specifically, this practice consists of releasing hatchery-reared juveniles from wild or farmed broodstock into natural environments. However, the process of selection and adaptation to farming conditions may result in domestication, thus leading to genetic and behavioural changes in farmed animals. Therefore, evaluating the effects of the domestication process on juveniles is a critical first step toward the development of successful abalone stock-enhancement programs. To this end, the behaviour and survival of sixteen-month-old H. tuberculata juveniles from wild and from farmed broodstock (the product of three generations of shell-length based selection) were compared. We used three assays at different spatial and temporal scales: (1) short-term responses to simulated contact with predators, (2) the activity pattern in the presence of a natural predator (the velvet crab Necora puber) in aquariums during a 2-week trial, and (3) survival in large mesocosms in the presence of predators during a 3-week trial. No significant effects of the broodstock origin of the juveniles were detected on any of the studied parameters (P > 0.05). In addition, the estimated size effects were small compared to the overall mean for most of the variables, suggesting that the domestication process was too recent to induce important behavioural changes in juveniles from farmed broodstock.Introducing crabs into the mesocosms significantly decreased abalone survival rates (P < 0.05). In the activity pattern trial, most of the abalone mortality in aquariums with crabs (55%) occurred within the first three days, which was largely attributed to initial exploration of areas outside of shelters by the abalone. In the second week, abalone spent much less time moving when crabs were present (P < 0.05).These results suggest that juveniles from both origins would likely have the same survival rates if released in the wild. The commonly reported high abalone mortality immediately after seeding is likely due to a lack of hiding behaviour or exploration of the new environment during the first few days of exposure to predators in the wild. Therefore, current release systems may need to be adjusted to the ethological characteristics of abalone juveniles to avoid high mortalities due to an initial lack of predator avoidance.
Keywords	Haliotis tuberculata ; abalone ; antipredatory behavior ; breeding stock ; crabs ; domestication ; predator avoidance
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	591645-8
ISSN	0168-1591
ISSN	0168-1591
DOI	10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105470
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: From reproductive behaviour to responses to predators: Ocean acidification does not impact the behaviour of an herbivorous marine gastropod.

Roussel, Sabine / Coheleach, Manon / Martin, Sophie / Day, Rob / Badou, Aicha / Huchette, Sylvain / Dubois, Philippe / Servili, Arianna / Gaillard, Fanny / Auzoux-Bordenave, Stéphanie

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 907, Page(s) 167526

Abstract: Ocean acidification (OA), which reduces ocean pH and leads to substantial changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, may strongly impact organisms, especially those with carbonate skeletons. In marine molluscs, while the physiological effects of OA are ... ...

Abstract	Ocean acidification (OA), which reduces ocean pH and leads to substantial changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, may strongly impact organisms, especially those with carbonate skeletons. In marine molluscs, while the physiological effects of OA are well known, with a reduction of growth and shell calcification, there are few studies on behavioural effects. A large marine gastropod, Haliotis tuberculata, was exposed to ambient (pH
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Gastropoda/physiology ; Seawater/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ocean Acidification ; Animal Shells/chemistry ; Carbonates/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis
Chemical Substances	Carbonates ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167526
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Article: Effect of Plate Type and Working Length on a Synthetic Compressed Juxta-Articular Fracture Model

Bird, Guy / Glyde, Mark / Hosgood, Giselle / Hayes, Alex / Day, Rob

VCOT Open

2020 Volume 03, Issue 02, Page(s) e119–e128

Abstract: Objective: This investigation compared the biomechanical properties of a 2.0 mm locking compression notched head T-plate (NHTP) and 2.0 mm straight locking compression plate (LCP), in a compressed, short, juxta-articular fragment fracture model.: ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This investigation compared the biomechanical properties of a 2.0 mm locking compression notched head T-plate (NHTP) and 2.0 mm straight locking compression plate (LCP), in a compressed, short, juxta-articular fragment fracture model. Methods: Two different screw configurations were compared for the NHTP and LCP, modelling short (configuration 1) and long working length (configuration 2). Constructs were tested in compression, perpendicular and tension four-point bending and torsion. Plate surface strain was measured at 12 regions of interest using three-dimensional digital image correlation. Stiffness and strain were compared. Results: The LCP was stiffer than the NHTP in all three planes of bending ( p < 0.05). The NHTP was stiffer than the LCP in torsion ( p < 0.05). The NHTP had greater strain than the LCP during compression bending and torsion ( p < 0.0005). The short working length NHTP was stiffer in all three planes of bending and in torsion ( p < 0.05) than the longer working length. The short working length LCP was stiffer in compression bending and in torsion ( p < 0.05) than the longer working length. The long working length showed greater strain than the short working length at multiple regions of interest. Conclusion: In this experimental model of a compressed transverse fracture with a juxta-articular 9 mm fragment, a 2.0 mm LCP with two hybrid screws in the short fragment was stiffer than a 2.0 mm NHTP with three locking screws in the short fragment in three planes of bending but not torsion. Extending the working length of each construct reduced construct stiffness and increased plate strain.
Keywords	biomechanics ; working length ; plate strain
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2934191-7
ISSN	2625-2325 ; 2625-2325
ISSN (online)	2625-2325
ISSN	2625-2325
DOI	10.1055/s-0040-1716722
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Longer epidermal cells underlie a quantitative source of variation in wheat flag leaf size

Zanella, Camila M. / Rotondo, Marilena / McCormick‐Barnes, Charlie / Mellers, Greg / Corsi, Beatrice / Berry, Simon / Ciccone, Giulia / Day, Rob / Faralli, Michele / Galle, Alexander / Gardner, Keith A. / Jacobs, John / Ober, Eric S. / Sánchez del Rio, Ana / Van Rie, Jeroen / Lawson, Tracy / Cockram, James

New Phytologist. 2023 Mar., v. 237, no. 5 p.1558-1573

2023

Abstract: The wheat flag leaf is the main contributor of photosynthetic assimilates to developing grains. Understanding how canopy architecture strategies affect source strength and yield will aid improved crop design. We used an eight‐founder population to ... ...

Abstract	The wheat flag leaf is the main contributor of photosynthetic assimilates to developing grains. Understanding how canopy architecture strategies affect source strength and yield will aid improved crop design. We used an eight‐founder population to investigate the genetic architecture of flag leaf area, length, width and angle in European wheat. For the strongest genetic locus identified, we subsequently created a near‐isogenic line (NIL) pair for more detailed investigation across seven test environments. Genetic control of traits investigated was highly polygenic, with colocalisation of replicated quantitative trait loci (QTL) for one or more traits identifying 24 loci. For QTL QFll.niab‐5A.1 (FLL5A), development of a NIL pair found the FLL5A+ allele commonly conferred a c. 7% increase in flag and second leaf length and a more erect leaf angle, resulting in higher flag and/or second leaf area. Increased FLL5A‐mediated flag leaf length was associated with: (1) longer pavement cells and (2) larger stomata at lower density, with a trend for decreased maximum stomatal conductance (Gₛₘₐₓ) per unit leaf area. For FLL5A, cell size rather than number predominantly determined leaf length. The observed trade‐offs between leaf size and stomatal morphology highlight the need for future studies to consider these traits at the whole‐leaf level.
Keywords	alleles ; canopy ; leaf angle ; leaf area ; leaf length ; leaves ; loci ; pavements ; photosynthesis ; quantitative traits ; stomatal conductance ; wheat
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Size	p. 1558-1573.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.18676
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Article: Identification of eight QTL controlling multiple yield components in a German multi-parental wheat population, including Rht24, WAPO-A1, WAPO-B1 and genetic loci on chromosomes 5A and 6A

Corsi, Beatrice / Obinu, Lia / Zanella, Camila M / Cutrupi, Saverio / Day, Rob / Geyer, Manuel / Lillemo, Morten / Lin, Min / Mazza, Lorenzo / Percival-Alwyn, Lawrence / Stadlmeier, Melanie / Mohler, Volker / Hartl, Lorenz / Cockram, James

Theoretical and applied genetics. 2021 May, v. 134, no. 5

2021

Abstract: KEY MESSAGE: Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of 15 yield component traits in a German multi-founder population identified eight QTL each controlling ≥2 phenotypes, including the genetic loci Rht24, WAPO-A1 and WAPO-B1. Grain yield in wheat ( ... ...

Abstract	KEY MESSAGE: Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of 15 yield component traits in a German multi-founder population identified eight QTL each controlling ≥2 phenotypes, including the genetic loci Rht24, WAPO-A1 and WAPO-B1. Grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a polygenic trait representing the culmination of many developmental processes and their interactions with the environment. Toward maintaining genetic gains in yield potential, ‘reductionist approaches’ are commonly undertaken by which the genetic control of yield components, that collectively determine yield, are established. Here we use an eight-founder German multi-parental wheat population to investigate the genetic control and phenotypic trade-offs between 15 yield components. Increased grains per ear was significantly positively correlated with the number of fertile spikelets per ear and negatively correlated with the number of infertile spikelets. However, as increased grain number and fertile spikelet number per ear were significantly negatively correlated with thousand grain weight, sink strength limitations were evident. Genetic mapping identified 34 replicated quantitative trait loci (QTL) at two or more test environments, of which 24 resolved into eight loci each controlling two or more traits—termed here ‘multi-trait QTL’ (MT-QTL). These included MT-QTL associated with previously cloned genes controlling semi-dwarf plant stature, and with the genetic locus Reduced height 24 (Rht24) that further modulates plant height. Additionally, MT-QTL controlling spikelet number traits were located to chromosome 7A encompassing the gene WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1 (WAPO-A1), and to its homoeologous location on chromosome 7B containing WAPO-B1. The genetic loci identified in this study, particularly those that potentially control multiple yield components, provide future opportunities for the targeted investigation of their underlying genes, gene networks and phenotypic trade-offs, in order to underpin further genetic gains in yield.
Keywords	Triticum aestivum ; genes ; grain yield ; loci ; phenotype ; plant height ; quantitative trait loci ; quantitative traits ; spikelets ; wheat ; yield components
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-05
Size	p. 1435-1454.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2170-2
ISSN	1432-2242 ; 0040-5752
ISSN (online)	1432-2242
ISSN	0040-5752
DOI	10.1007/s00122-021-03781-7
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Article ; Online: Longer epidermal cells underlie a quantitative source of variation in wheat flag leaf size.

Zanella, Camila M / Rotondo, Marilena / McCormick-Barnes, Charlie / Mellers, Greg / Corsi, Beatrice / Berry, Simon / Ciccone, Giulia / Day, Rob / Faralli, Michele / Galle, Alexander / Gardner, Keith A / Jacobs, John / Ober, Eric S / Sánchez Del Rio, Ana / Van Rie, Jeroen / Lawson, Tracy / Cockram, James

The New phytologist

2022 Volume 237, Issue 5, Page(s) 1558–1573

Abstract	The wheat flag leaf is the main contributor of photosynthetic assimilates to developing grains. Understanding how canopy architecture strategies affect source strength and yield will aid improved crop design. We used an eight-founder population to investigate the genetic architecture of flag leaf area, length, width and angle in European wheat. For the strongest genetic locus identified, we subsequently created a near-isogenic line (NIL) pair for more detailed investigation across seven test environments. Genetic control of traits investigated was highly polygenic, with colocalisation of replicated quantitative trait loci (QTL) for one or more traits identifying 24 loci. For QTL QFll.niab-5A.1 (FLL5A), development of a NIL pair found the FLL5A+ allele commonly conferred a c. 7% increase in flag and second leaf length and a more erect leaf angle, resulting in higher flag and/or second leaf area. Increased FLL5A-mediated flag leaf length was associated with: (1) longer pavement cells and (2) larger stomata at lower density, with a trend for decreased maximum stomatal conductance (G
MeSH term(s)	Chromosome Mapping ; Triticum/anatomy & histology ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology ; Phenotype ; Epidermal Cells
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208885-x
ISSN	1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
ISSN (online)	1469-8137
ISSN	0028-646X
DOI	10.1111/nph.18676
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Article ; Online: Identification of eight QTL controlling multiple yield components in a German multi-parental wheat population, including Rht24, WAPO-A1, WAPO-B1 and genetic loci on chromosomes 5A and 6A.

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik

2021 Volume 134, Issue 5, Page(s) 1435–1454

Abstract: Key message: Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of 15 yield component traits in a German multi-founder population identified eight QTL each controlling ≥2 phenotypes, including the genetic loci Rht24, WAPO-A1 and WAPO-B1. Grain yield in wheat ( ... ...

Abstract	Key message: Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of 15 yield component traits in a German multi-founder population identified eight QTL each controlling ≥2 phenotypes, including the genetic loci Rht24, WAPO-A1 and WAPO-B1. Grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a polygenic trait representing the culmination of many developmental processes and their interactions with the environment. Toward maintaining genetic gains in yield potential, 'reductionist approaches' are commonly undertaken by which the genetic control of yield components, that collectively determine yield, are established. Here we use an eight-founder German multi-parental wheat population to investigate the genetic control and phenotypic trade-offs between 15 yield components. Increased grains per ear was significantly positively correlated with the number of fertile spikelets per ear and negatively correlated with the number of infertile spikelets. However, as increased grain number and fertile spikelet number per ear were significantly negatively correlated with thousand grain weight, sink strength limitations were evident. Genetic mapping identified 34 replicated quantitative trait loci (QTL) at two or more test environments, of which 24 resolved into eight loci each controlling two or more traits-termed here 'multi-trait QTL' (MT-QTL). These included MT-QTL associated with previously cloned genes controlling semi-dwarf plant stature, and with the genetic locus Reduced height 24 (Rht24) that further modulates plant height. Additionally, MT-QTL controlling spikelet number traits were located to chromosome 7A encompassing the gene WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1 (WAPO-A1), and to its homoeologous location on chromosome 7B containing WAPO-B1. The genetic loci identified in this study, particularly those that potentially control multiple yield components, provide future opportunities for the targeted investigation of their underlying genes, gene networks and phenotypic trade-offs, in order to underpin further genetic gains in yield.
MeSH term(s)	Chromosome Mapping/methods ; Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genetics, Population ; Genome, Plant ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Plant Breeding ; Plant Proteins/genetics ; Plant Proteins/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Triticum/classification ; Triticum/genetics ; Triticum/growth & development ; Triticum/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Plant Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2170-2
ISSN	1432-2242 ; 0040-5752
ISSN (online)	1432-2242
ISSN	0040-5752
DOI	10.1007/s00122-021-03781-7
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Effect of movement stress on immune function in farmed Australian abalone (hybrid Haliotis laevigata and Haliotis rubra)

Hooper, Celia / Day, Rob / Slocombe, Ron / Benkendorff, Kirsten / Handlinger, Judith

Aquaculture. 2011 May 21, v. 315, no. 3-4

2011

Abstract: Current abalone mariculture practices include movement of stock to reduce stocking density in tanks and to grade abalone into similar sizes. Australian farmers report that this procedure leads to increased mortality rates in the days following movement. ... ...

Abstract	Current abalone mariculture practices include movement of stock to reduce stocking density in tanks and to grade abalone into similar sizes. Australian farmers report that this procedure leads to increased mortality rates in the days following movement. A standard movement procedure as currently done in Australia was investigated on farm as to its effects on haemocyte counts, phagocytic rates, antibacterial activity and lysosomal membrane stability (neutral red retention assay). The experimental design divided the movement process into the main causes of stress, comparing movement without anaesthesia (manual detachment or chipping), anaesthesia without movement and anaesthesia with subsequent movement. Each of the 3 treatment groups had elevated haemocyte counts and depressed phagocytic rates, neutral red retention times and antibacterial activity. The most severely affected abalone were those anaesthetised and moved, followed by those that were anaesthetised but not moved. Abalone manually detached without anaesthesia showed non-significant change in most of the parameters. Recovery back to baseline levels occurred within 1day for most parameters, but not for the neutral red retention times. The experiment was then repeated with very similar results. These experiments indicate a practical means to compare on farm the effects that husbandry methods have on the immune system, which in turn will allow for the development of better husbandry procedures to reduce stresses incurred during intensive mariculture.
Keywords	Haliotis laevigata ; Haliotis rubra ; abalone ; anesthesia ; experimental design ; farmers ; farms ; hybrids ; immune system ; mariculture ; mortality ; stocking rate ; tanks ; Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2011-0521
Size	p. 348-354.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	185380-6
ISSN	0044-8486 ; 0044-8516
ISSN	0044-8486 ; 0044-8516
DOI	10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.02.012
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