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Article ; Online: Manipulation of the seagrass-associated microbiome reduces disease severity.

Graham, Olivia J / Adamczyk, Emily M / Schenk, Siobhan / Dawkins, Phoebe / Burke, Samantha / Chei, Emily / Cisz, Kaitlyn / Dayal, Sukanya / Elstner, Jack / Hausner, Arjun Lev Pillai / Hughes, Taylor / Manglani, Omisha / McDonald, Miles / Mikles, Chloe / Poslednik, Anna / Vinton, Audrey / Wegener Parfrey, Laura / Harvell, C Drew

Environmental microbiology

2024 Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) e16582

Abstract: Host-associated microbes influence host health and function and can be a first line of defence against infections. While research increasingly shows that terrestrial plant microbiomes contribute to bacterial, fungal, and oomycete disease resistance, no ... ...

Abstract	Host-associated microbes influence host health and function and can be a first line of defence against infections. While research increasingly shows that terrestrial plant microbiomes contribute to bacterial, fungal, and oomycete disease resistance, no comparable experimental work has investigated marine plant microbiomes or more diverse disease agents. We test the hypothesis that the eelgrass (Zostera marina) leaf microbiome increases resistance to seagrass wasting disease. From field eelgrass with paired diseased and asymptomatic tissue, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that bacterial composition and richness varied markedly between diseased and asymptomatic tissue in one of the two years. This suggests that the influence of disease on eelgrass microbial communities may vary with environmental conditions. We next experimentally reduced the eelgrass microbiome with antibiotics and bleach, then inoculated plants with Labyrinthula zosterae, the causative agent of wasting disease. We detected significantly higher disease severity in eelgrass with a native microbiome than an experimentally reduced microbiome. Our results over multiple experiments do not support a protective role of the eelgrass microbiome against L. zosterae. Further studies of these marine host-microbe-pathogen relationships may continue to show new relationships between plant microbiomes and diseases.
MeSH term(s)	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Stramenopiles/genetics ; Zosteraceae/genetics ; Zosteraceae/microbiology ; Microbiota/genetics ; Plant Leaves/microbiology ; Bacteria/genetics
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020213-1
ISSN	1462-2920 ; 1462-2912
ISSN (online)	1462-2920
ISSN	1462-2912
DOI	10.1111/1462-2920.16582
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Deeper habitats and cooler temperatures moderate a climate-driven seagrass disease.

Graham, Olivia J / Stephens, Tiffany / Rappazzo, Brendan / Klohmann, Corinne / Dayal, Sukanya / Adamczyk, Emily M / Olson, Angeleen / Hessing-Lewis, Margot / Eisenlord, Morgan / Yang, Bo / Burge, Colleen / Gomes, Carla P / Harvell, Drew

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

2023 Volume 378, Issue 1873, Page(s) 20220016

Abstract: Eelgrass creates critical coastal habitats worldwide and fulfills essential ecosystem functions as a foundation seagrass. Climate warming and disease threaten eelgrass, causing mass mortalities and cascading ecological impacts. Subtidal meadows are ... ...

Abstract	Eelgrass creates critical coastal habitats worldwide and fulfills essential ecosystem functions as a foundation seagrass. Climate warming and disease threaten eelgrass, causing mass mortalities and cascading ecological impacts. Subtidal meadows are deeper than intertidal and may also provide refuge from the temperature-sensitive seagrass wasting disease. From cross-boundary surveys of 5761 eelgrass leaves from Alaska to Washington and assisted with a machine-language algorithm, we measured outbreak conditions. Across summers 2017 and 2018, disease prevalence was 16% lower for subtidal than intertidal leaves; in both tidal zones, disease risk was lower for plants in cooler conditions. Even in subtidal meadows, which are more environmentally stable and sheltered from temperature and other stressors common for intertidal eelgrass, we observed high disease levels, with half of the sites exceeding 50% prevalence. Models predicted reduced disease prevalence and severity under cooler conditions, confirming a strong interaction between disease and temperature. At both tidal zones, prevalence was lower in more dense eelgrass meadows, suggesting disease is suppressed in healthy, higher density meadows. These results underscore the value of subtidal eelgrass and meadows in cooler locations as refugia, indicate that cooling can suppress disease, and have implications for eelgrass conservation and management under future climate change scenarios. This article is part of the theme issue 'Infectious disease ecology and evolution in a changing world'.
MeSH term(s)	Ecosystem ; Zosteraceae ; Temperature ; Climate Change ; Cold Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	208382-6
ISSN	1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
ISSN (online)	1471-2970
ISSN	0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
DOI	10.1098/rstb.2022.0016
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE