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Article: Association of polypharmacy with cognitive impairment in older trauma patients: a cross-sectional study.

de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino, Caroline / Rübel, Lisa / Mantegazza, Noemi / Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A / Freystaetter, Gregor

European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice

2023

Abstract: Introduction: Few if any studies have been conducted to date on the association between polypharmacy and cognitive impairment among older trauma patients. Therefore, we investigated whether polypharmacy is associated with cognitive impairment in trauma ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Few if any studies have been conducted to date on the association between polypharmacy and cognitive impairment among older trauma patients. Therefore, we investigated whether polypharmacy is associated with cognitive impairment in trauma patients aged ≥70 years. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of patients aged ≥70 years hospitalised due to a trauma-related injury. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤24 points. Medications were coded according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification. Three exposures were examined: polypharmacy (≥5 medications), excessive polypharmacy (≥10 medications), and number of medications. Separate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), education, smoking, independent living, frailty, multimorbidity, depression, and type of trauma were used to test the association between the three exposures and cognitive impairment. Results: A total of 198 patients were included (mean age 80.2; 64.7% women and 35.4% men), of which 148 (74.8%) had polypharmacy and 63 (31.8%) had excessive polypharmacy. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 34.3% overall, 37.2% in the polypharmacy group and 50.8% in the excessive polypharmacy group. More than 80% of participants were taking at least one analgesic. Overall, polypharmacy was not statistically significantly associated with cognitive impairment (odds ratio (OR) 1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.46 to 3.11]). However, patients in the excessive polypharmacy group were more than two times more likely to have cognitive impairment (OR 2.88 [95% CI 1.31 to 6.37]) even after adjustments for relevant confounders. Similarly, the number of medications was associated with greater odds of cognitive impairment (OR 1.15 [95% CI 1.04 to 1.28]) after adjustments for the same relevant confounders. Conclusion: Cognitive impairment is common among older trauma patients, particularly among those in the excessive polypharmacy group. Polypharmacy was not associated with cognitive impairment. Excessive polypharmacy and number of medications, on the other hand, were associated with greater odds of cognitive impairment in older trauma patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2650179-X
ISSN	2047-9964 ; 2047-9956
ISSN (online)	2047-9964
ISSN	2047-9956
DOI	10.1136/ejhpharm-2022-003645
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Article ; Online: Association of magnesium and vitamin D status with grip strength and fatigue in older adults: a 4-week observational study of geriatric participants undergoing rehabilitation.

Kettig, Eva / Kistler-Fischbacher, Melanie / de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino, Caroline / Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A / Frundi, Devine Shimbagha

Aging clinical and experimental research

2023 Volume 35, Issue 8, Page(s) 1619–1629

Abstract: Background: Low magnesium and vitamin D levels negatively affect individuals' health.: Aims: We aimed to investigate the association of magnesium status with grip strength and fatigue scores, and evaluate whether this association differs by vitamin D ...

Abstract	Background: Low magnesium and vitamin D levels negatively affect individuals' health. Aims: We aimed to investigate the association of magnesium status with grip strength and fatigue scores, and evaluate whether this association differs by vitamin D status among older participants undergoing geriatric rehabilitation. Methods: This is a 4-week observational study of participants aged ≥ 65 years undergoing rehabilitation. The outcomes were baseline grip strength and fatigue scores, and 4-week change from baseline in grip strength and fatigue scores. The exposures were baseline magnesium tertiles and achieved magnesium tertiles at week 4. Pre-defined subgroup analyses by vitamin D status (25[OH]D < 50 nmol/l = deficient) were performed. Results: At baseline, participants (N = 253, mean age 75.7 years, 49.4% women) in the first magnesium tertile had lower mean grip strength compared to participants in the third tertile (25.99 [95% CI 24.28-27.70] vs. 30.1 [95% CI 28.26-31.69] kg). Similar results were observed among vitamin D sufficient participants (25.54 [95% CI 22.65-28.43] kg in the first magnesium tertile vs. 30.91 [27.97-33.86] kg in the third tertile). This association was not significant among vitamin D deficient participants. At week 4, no significant associations were observed between achieved magnesium tertiles and change in grip strength, overall and by vitamin D status. For fatigue, no significant associations were observed. Conclusions: Among older participants undergoing rehabilitation, magnesium status may be relevant for grip strength, particularly among vitamin D sufficient individuals. Magnesium status was not associated with fatigue, regardless of vitamin D status. Study registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03422263; registered February 5, 2018.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Male ; Vitamin D ; Magnesium ; Vitamins ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; Hand Strength ; Fatigue
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Magnesium (I38ZP9992A) ; Vitamins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-07
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2104785-6
ISSN	1720-8319 ; 1594-0667
ISSN (online)	1720-8319
ISSN	1594-0667
DOI	10.1007/s40520-023-02450-7
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of a Strength-Training Program on Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults-Reply.

Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A / Theiler, Robert / de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino, Caroline

JAMA

2021 Volume 325, Issue 11, Page(s) 1112–1113

MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Muscle Strength ; Resistance Training
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2958-0
ISSN	1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
ISSN (online)	1538-3598
ISSN	0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
DOI	10.1001/jama.2021.0304
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Article ; Online: Predictive validity of current sarcopenia definitions (EWGSOP2, SDOC, and AWGS2) for clinical outcomes: A scoping review.

Stuck, Anna K / Basile, Giacomo / Freystaetter, Gregor / de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino, Caroline / Lang, Wei / Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A

Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle

2022 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 71–83

Abstract: Over the last 3 years new definitions of sarcopenia by the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcome Consortium (2020, SDOC), European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (2019, EWGSOP2) and Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (2019, AWGS2) have been ... ...

Abstract	Over the last 3 years new definitions of sarcopenia by the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcome Consortium (2020, SDOC), European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (2019, EWGSOP2) and Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (2019, AWGS2) have been proposed. The objective of this scoping review was to explore predictive validity of these current sarcopenia definitions for clinical outcomes. We followed the PRISMA checklist for scoping reviews. Based on a systematic search performed by two independent reviewers of databases (Pubmed and Embase) articles comparing predictive validity of two or more sarcopenia definitions on prospective clinical outcomes published since January 2019 (the year these definitions were introduced) were included. Data were extracted and results collated by clinical outcomes and by sarcopenia definitions, respectively. Of 4493 articles screened, 11 studies (mean age of participants 77.6 (SD 5.7) years and 50.0% female) comprising 82 validity tests were included. Overall, validity tests on the following categories of clinical outcomes were performed: fracture (n = 40, assessed in one study), mortality (n = 18), function (n = 11), institutionalization (n = 7), falls (n = 4), and hospitalization (n = 2). Thereby, EWGSOP2 was investigated in 15 validity tests (18.3%) on all categories of clinical outcomes, whereas SDOC was investigated in four validity tests (4.9%) in one study on fractures in men only, and none of the validity tests investigated predictive validity by the AWGS2. However, we were not able to pool the data using a meta-analytic approach due to important methodological heterogeneity between the studies. We identified various definitions of clinical outcomes that were used to test predictive validity of sarcopenia definitions suggesting that an agreement on an operational definition of a clinical outcome is key to advance in the field of sarcopenia. Moreover, data on predictive validity using the sarcopenia definitions by the SDOC and AWGS2 are still scarce and lacking, respectively. In a next step, prospective studies including both women and men are needed to compare predictive validity of current sarcopenia definitions on defined key clinical outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Fractures, Bone ; Hand Strength ; Hospitalization ; Prospective Studies ; Sarcopenia
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2586864-0
ISSN	2190-6009 ; 2190-5991
ISSN (online)	2190-6009
ISSN	2190-5991
DOI	10.1002/jcsm.13161
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Article ; Online: Proton Pump Inhibitors and Kidney Function Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino, Caroline / Meyer, Ursina / Ernst, Rahel / Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

2019 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 129–130

MeSH term(s)	Independent Living ; Logistic Models ; Polypharmacy ; Prospective Studies ; Proton Pump Inhibitors
Chemical Substances	Proton Pump Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2171030-2
ISSN	1538-9375 ; 1525-8610
ISSN (online)	1538-9375
ISSN	1525-8610
DOI	10.1016/j.jamda.2019.10.014
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Article ; Online: Effects of vitamin D, omega-3 and a simple strength exercise programme in cardiovascular disease prevention: The DO-HEALTH randomized controlled trial.

Gaengler, Stephanie / Sadlon, Angélique / De Godoi Rezende Costa Molino, Caroline / Willett, Walter C / Manson, JoAnn E / Vellas, Bruno / Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth / Von Eckardstein, Arnold / Ruschitzka, Frank / Rizzoli, René / da Silva, José A P / Kressig, Reto W / Kanis, John / Orav, E John / Egli, Andreas / Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A

The journal of nutrition, health & aging

2024 Volume 28, Issue 2, Page(s) 100037

Abstract: Background: The effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in older adults remains unclear. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the effect of 2000 IU/day of vitamin D: Methods: The risk of MACE ( ... ...

Abstract	Background: The effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in older adults remains unclear. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the effect of 2000 IU/day of vitamin D Methods: The risk of MACE (coronary heart event or intervention, heart failure, stroke) was an exploratory endpoint of DO-HEALTH, incident hypertension and change in biomarkers were secondary endpoints. DO-HEALTH is a completed multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design trial enrolling 2157 Europeans aged ≥70 years. Results: Participants' median age was 74 [72, 77] years, 61.7% were women, 82.5% were at least moderately physically active, and 40.7% had 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL at baseline. Compared to their controls, omega-3 increased HDL-cholesterol (difference in change over 3 years: 0.08 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.05-0.10), decreased triglycerides (-0.08 mmol/L, (95%CI -0.12 to -0.03), but increased total- (0.15 mmol/L, 95%CI 0.09; 0.2), LDL- (0.11 mmol/L, 0.06; 0.16), and non-HDL-cholesterol (0.07 mmol/L, 95%CI 0.02; 0.12). However, neither omega-3 (adjustedHR 1.00, 95%CI 0.64-1.56), nor vitamin D Conclusion: Among generally healthy, active, and largely vitamin D replete, older adults, treatment with omega-3, vitamin D Gov identifier: NCT01745263.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Male ; Vitamin D ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Vitamins/pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use ; Cholecalciferol/pharmacology ; Cholesterol ; Hypertension ; Exercise Therapy ; Biomarkers ; Dietary Supplements ; Double-Blind Method
Chemical Substances	Vitamin D (1406-16-2) ; Vitamins ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Cholecalciferol (1C6V77QF41) ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J) ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	France
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2081921-3
ISSN	1760-4788 ; 1279-7707
ISSN (online)	1760-4788
ISSN	1279-7707
DOI	10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100037
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Article ; Online: Association between iron deficiency and hospitalization rate in community-dwelling older adults: A 3-year prospective observational study of DO-HEALTH.

de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino, Caroline / Woll, Laurence / Wieczorek, Maud / Abderhalden, Lauren A / Lanz, Patricia / Schaer, Dominik J / Spahn, Donat R / Orav, E John / Egli, Andreas / Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A

The American journal of clinical nutrition

2022 Volume 117, Issue 1, Page(s) 12–21

Abstract: Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is associated with negative health outcomes in older adults. However, data on the impact of ID on the number of hospitalizations and length of hospital stay (LOS) is lacking.: Objective: To explore the associations ... ...

Abstract	Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is associated with negative health outcomes in older adults. However, data on the impact of ID on the number of hospitalizations and length of hospital stay (LOS) is lacking. Objective: To explore the associations between baseline ID and the number of hospitalizations and between baseline ID and at least one LOS ≥5 days in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This is a secondary observational analysis of a randomized controlled trial including 2157 community-dwelling adults aged ≥70 years without major diseases at baseline. The main exposure was defined as ID (soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR] concentrations >28.1 nmol/L) at baseline. The primary outcome was the number of hospitalizations over a 3-year follow-up. The secondary outcome was having at least one LOS ≥5 days over the study period among individuals with one or more hospitalizations. Interaction between ID and anemia (hemoglobin <130 g/L for men and <120 g/L for women) was also investigated. Results: Baseline sTfR concentration was determined in 2141 participants (median age 74.0 years). At 3 year, 1497 hospitalizations were reported with an incidence rate of hospitalization of 0.26 per person-year (95% CI: 0.24, 0.28). Overall, baseline ID was associated with a 24% increased incidence rate of hospitalization (incidence rate ratio: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.45) over 3 years. This association was independent of anemia status at baseline since the interaction between ID and anemia at baseline was not significant. Moreover, ID was not significantly associated with having a LOS ≥5 days (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.97) among participants with at least one hospitalization over 3 years. Conclusions: ID is associated with increased hospitalization rate and not associated with LOS ≥5 days among generally healthy older adults. Efforts to minimize ID in older adults may improve overall health and optimize healthcare costs.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Anemia/complications ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/etiology ; Ferritins ; Hospitalization ; Iron/metabolism ; Iron Deficiencies ; Receptors, Transferrin
Chemical Substances	Ferritins (9007-73-2) ; Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Receptors, Transferrin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	280048-2
ISSN	1938-3207 ; 0002-9165
ISSN (online)	1938-3207
ISSN	0002-9165
DOI	10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.001
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of polypharmacy in community-dwelling older adults from seven centres in five European countries: a cross-sectional study of DO-HEALTH.

de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino, Caroline / Chocano-Bedoya, Patricia O / Sadlon, Angélique / Theiler, Robert / Orav, John E / Vellas, Bruno / Rizzoli, Rene / Kressig, Reto W / Kanis, John A / Guyonnet, Sophie / Lang, Wei / Egli, Andreas / Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A

BMJ open

2022 Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) e051881

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and characteristics associated with polypharmacy in older adults from seven European cities.: Design: Cross-sectional study of baseline data from DO-HEALTH.: Setting and participants: DO- ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and characteristics associated with polypharmacy in older adults from seven European cities. Design: Cross-sectional study of baseline data from DO-HEALTH. Setting and participants: DO-HEALTH enrolled 2157 community-dwelling adults age 70 and older from seven centres in Europe. Participants were excluded if they had major health problems or Mini-Mental State Examination Score <24 at baseline. Primary outcome measures: Extensive information on prescription and over-the-counter medications were recorded. Polypharmacy was defined as the concomitant use of five or more medications, excluding vitamins or dietary supplements. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association of sociodemographic factors (age, sex, years of education, living situation and city) and health-related indicators (number of comorbidities, cognitive function, frailty status, body mass index (BMI), prior fall, self-rated health and smoking status) with polypharmacy. Results: 27.2% of participants reported polypharmacy ranging from 16.4% in Geneva to 60.8% in Coimbra. In the multivariable logistic regression analyses, older age (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.10), greater BMI (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.12) and increased number of comorbidities (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.92 to 2.36) were associated with polypharmacy. Women were less likely to report polypharmacy than men (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.84). In comparison to participants from Zurich, participants from Coimbra were more likely to report polypharmacy (OR 2.36; 95% CI 1.56 to 3.55), while participants from Geneva or Toulouse were less likely to report polypharmacy ((OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.59 and OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.96), respectively). Living situation, smoking status, years of education, prior fall, cognitive function, self-rated health and frailty status were not significantly associated with polypharmacy. Conclusion: Polypharmacy is common among relatively healthy older adults, with moderate variability across seven European cities. Independent of several confounders, being a woman, older age, greater BMI and greater number of comorbidities were associated with increased odds for polypharmacy. Trial registration number: NCT01745263.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Europe/epidemiology ; Female ; Frailty/epidemiology ; Humans ; Independent Living ; Male ; Polypharmacy ; Prevalence
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Study ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051881
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Article ; Online: Iron deficiency and biomarkers of inflammation: a 3-year prospective analysis of the DO-HEALTH trial.

Wieczorek, Maud / Schwarz, Franziska / Sadlon, Angélique / Abderhalden, Lauren A / de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino, Caroline / Spahn, Donat R / Schaer, Dominik J / Orav, E John / Egli, Andreas / Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A

Aging clinical and experimental research

2021 Volume 34, Issue 3, Page(s) 515–525

Abstract: Background: The longitudinal association between iron deficiency and inflammatory biomarkers levels has not been fully explored among relatively healthy older adults.: Aims: To assess whether iron deficiency at baseline and at any yearly follow-up ... ...

Abstract	Background: The longitudinal association between iron deficiency and inflammatory biomarkers levels has not been fully explored among relatively healthy older adults. Aims: To assess whether iron deficiency at baseline and at any yearly follow-up time point, with or without anemia, was associated with changes from baseline in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels over 3 years. Methods: This is a post-hoc observational analysis of DO-HEALTH, a double-blind, randomized controlled trial including 2157 European community-dwelling adults age 70+. The outcomes were changes from baseline in hs-CRP and IL-6 levels, measured at 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up. Iron deficiency was defined by soluble transferrin receptor levels > 28.1 nmol/L and baseline anemia by hemoglobin levels < 130 g/L for men and < 120 g/L for women. Results: In total, 2141 participants were included in the analyses (mean age: 74.9 years, 61.5% of women, 26.8% with iron deficiency). Baseline iron deficiency was associated with greater increase in IL-6 levels (mean difference in change: 0.52 ng/L, 95%CI 0.03-1.00, P = .04) over 3 years. Iron deficiency at any yearly time point was associated with higher increases in hs-CRP (mean difference in change: 1.62 mg/L, 95%CI 0.98-2.26, P < .001) and IL-6 levels (mean difference in change: 1.33 ng/L, 95%CI 0.87-1.79, P < .001) over 3 years. No significant interaction between iron deficiency and anemia was found, suggesting that the results are independent of the anemic status. Conclusions: These findings suggest that iron deficiency may play a role in low-grade chronic inflammation among relatively healthy older adults.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Biomarkers ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Female ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Iron Deficiencies ; Male
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Hemoglobins ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-17
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2104785-6
ISSN	1720-8319 ; 1594-0667
ISSN (online)	1720-8319
ISSN	1594-0667
DOI	10.1007/s40520-021-01955-3
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Article ; Online: Prevalence and incidence of iron deficiency in European community-dwelling older adults: an observational analysis of the DO-HEALTH trial.

Stahl-Gugger, Alenka / de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino, Caroline / Wieczorek, Maud / Chocano-Bedoya, Patricia O / Abderhalden, Lauren A / Schaer, Dominik J / Spahn, Donat R / Orav, E John / Vellas, Bruno / da Silva, José A P / Kressig, Reto W / Egli, Andreas / Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A

Aging clinical and experimental research

2022 Volume 34, Issue 9, Page(s) 2205–2215

Abstract: Background and aim: Iron deficiency is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in older adults. However, data on its prevalence and incidence among older adults is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence ... ...

Abstract	Background and aim: Iron deficiency is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in older adults. However, data on its prevalence and incidence among older adults is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of iron deficiency in European community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 70 years. Methods: Secondary analysis of the DO-HEALTH trial, a 3-year clinical trial including 2157 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 70 years from Austria, France, Germany, Portugal and Switzerland. Iron deficiency was defined as soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) > 28.1 nmol/L. Prevalence and incidence rate (IR) of iron deficiency per 100 person-years were examined overall and stratified by sex, age group, and country. Sensitivity analysis for three commonly used definitions of iron deficiency (ferritin < 45 μg/L, ferritin < 30 μg/L, and sTfR-ferritin index > 1.5) were also performed. Results: Out of 2157 participants, 2141 had sTfR measured at baseline (mean age 74.9 years; 61.5% women). The prevalence of iron deficiency at baseline was 26.8%, and did not differ by sex, but by age (35.6% in age group ≥ 80, 29.3% in age group 75-79, 23.2% in age group 70-74); P < 0.0001) and country (P = 0.02), with the highest prevalence in Portugal (34.5%) and the lowest in France (24.4%). As for the other definitions of iron deficiency, the prevalence ranged from 4.2% for ferritin < 30 µg/L to 35.3% for sTfR-ferritin index > 1.5. Occurrences of iron deficiency were observed with IR per 100 person-years of 9.2 (95% CI 8.3-10.1) and did not significantly differ by sex or age group. The highest IR per 100 person-years was observed in Austria (20.8, 95% CI 16.1-26.9), the lowest in Germany (6.1, 95% CI 4.7-8.0). Regarding the other definitions of iron deficiency, the IR per 100 person-years was 4.5 (95% CI 4.0-4.9) for ferritin < 45 µg/L, 2.4 (95% CI 2.2-2.7) for ferritin < 30 µg/L, and 12.2 (95% CI 11.0-13.5) for sTfR-ferritin index > 1.5. Conclusions: Iron deficiency is frequent among relatively healthy European older adults, with people aged ≥ 80 years and residence in Austria and Portugal associated with the highest risk.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/etiology ; Female ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Independent Living ; Iron Deficiencies ; Male ; Prevalence ; Receptors, Transferrin
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Transferrin ; Ferritins (9007-73-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	2104785-6
ISSN	1720-8319 ; 1594-0667
ISSN (online)	1720-8319
ISSN	1594-0667
DOI	10.1007/s40520-022-02093-0
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