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Article ; Online: Diverse spatial reference frames of vestibular signals in parietal cortex.

Chen, Xiaodong / Deangelis, Gregory C / Angelaki, Dora E

2013 Volume 80, Issue 5, Page(s) 1310–1321

Abstract: Reference frames are important for understanding how sensory cues from different modalities are coordinated to guide behavior, and the parietal cortex is critical to these functions. We compare reference frames of vestibular self-motion signals in the ... ...

Abstract	Reference frames are important for understanding how sensory cues from different modalities are coordinated to guide behavior, and the parietal cortex is critical to these functions. We compare reference frames of vestibular self-motion signals in the ventral intraparietal area (VIP), parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC), and dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd). Vestibular heading tuning in VIP is invariant to changes in both eye and head positions, indicating a body (or world)-centered reference frame. Vestibular signals in PIVC have reference frames that are intermediate between head and body centered. In contrast, MSTd neurons show reference frames between head and eye centered but not body centered. Eye and head position gain fields were strongest in MSTd and weakest in PIVC. Our findings reveal distinct spatial reference frames for representing vestibular signals and pose new challenges for understanding the respective roles of these areas in potentially diverse vestibular functions.
MeSH term(s)	Action Potentials/physiology ; Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Eye Movements ; Head Movements ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Nystagmus, Optokinetic/physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-11-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	808167-0
ISSN	1097-4199 ; 0896-6273
ISSN (online)	1097-4199
ISSN	0896-6273
DOI	10.1016/j.neuron.2013.09.006
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Article ; Online: Representation of 3-D surface orientation by velocity and disparity gradient cues in area MT.

Sanada, Takahisa M / Nguyenkim, Jerry D / Deangelis, Gregory C

Journal of neurophysiology

2012 Volume 107, Issue 8, Page(s) 2109–2122

Abstract: Neural coding of the three-dimensional (3-D) orientation of planar surface patches may be an important intermediate step in constructing representations of complex 3-D surface structure. Spatial gradients of binocular disparity, image velocity, and ... ...

Abstract	Neural coding of the three-dimensional (3-D) orientation of planar surface patches may be an important intermediate step in constructing representations of complex 3-D surface structure. Spatial gradients of binocular disparity, image velocity, and texture provide potent cues to the 3-D orientation (tilt and slant) of planar surfaces. Previous studies have described neurons in both dorsal and ventral stream areas that are selective for surface tilt based on one or more of these gradient cues. However, relatively little is known about whether single neurons provide consistent information about surface orientation from multiple gradient cues. Moreover, it is unclear how neural responses to combinations of surface orientation cues are related to responses to the individual cues. We measured responses of middle temporal (MT) neurons to random dot stimuli that simulated planar surfaces at a variety of tilts and slants. Four cue conditions were tested: disparity, velocity, and texture gradients alone, as well as all three gradient cues combined. Many neurons showed robust tuning for surface tilt based on disparity and velocity gradients, with relatively little selectivity for texture gradients. Some neurons showed consistent tilt preferences for disparity and velocity cues, whereas others showed large discrepancies. Responses to the combined stimulus were generally well described as a weighted linear sum of responses to the individual cues, even when disparity and velocity preferences were discrepant. These findings suggest that area MT contains a rudimentary representation of 3-D surface orientation based on multiple cues, with single neurons implementing a simple cue integration rule.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Space Perception/physiology ; Surface Properties ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Vision Disparity/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-01-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80161-6
ISSN	1522-1598 ; 0022-3077
ISSN (online)	1522-1598
ISSN	0022-3077
DOI	10.1152/jn.00578.2011
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Article ; Online: Functional specializations of the ventral intraparietal area for multisensory heading discrimination.

Chen, Aihua / Deangelis, Gregory C / Angelaki, Dora E

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2012 Volume 33, Issue 8, Page(s) 3567–3581

Abstract: The ventral intraparietal area (VIP) of the macaque brain is a multimodal cortical region with directionally selective responses to visual and vestibular stimuli. To explore how these signals contribute to self-motion perception, neural activity in VIP ... ...

Abstract	The ventral intraparietal area (VIP) of the macaque brain is a multimodal cortical region with directionally selective responses to visual and vestibular stimuli. To explore how these signals contribute to self-motion perception, neural activity in VIP was monitored while macaques performed a fine heading discrimination task based on vestibular, visual, or multisensory cues. For neurons with congruent visual and vestibular heading tuning, discrimination thresholds improved during multisensory stimulation, suggesting that VIP (like the medial superior temporal area; MSTd) may contribute to the improved perceptual discrimination seen during cue combination. Unlike MSTd, however, few VIP neurons showed opposite visual/vestibular tuning over the range of headings relevant to behavior, and those few cells showed reduced sensitivity under cue combination. Our data suggest that the heading tuning of some VIP neurons may be locally remodeled to increase the proportion of cells with congruent tuning over the behaviorally relevant stimulus range. VIP neurons also showed much stronger trial-by-trial correlations with perceptual decisions (choice probabilities; CPs) than MSTd neurons. While this may suggest that VIP neurons are more strongly linked to heading perception, we also find that correlated noise is much stronger among pairs of VIP neurons, with noise correlations averaging 0.14 in VIP as compared with 0.04 in MSTd. Thus, the large CPs in VIP could be a consequence of strong interneuronal correlations. Together, our findings suggest that VIP neurons show specializations that may make them well equipped to play a role in multisensory integration for heading perception.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Conditioning, Operant/physiology ; Discrimination, Psychological/physiology ; Eye Movements/physiology ; Head Movements/physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Random Allocation
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-12-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4522-12.2013
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Article ; Online: Causal links between dorsal medial superior temporal area neurons and multisensory heading perception.

Gu, Yong / Deangelis, Gregory C / Angelaki, Dora E

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2012 Volume 32, Issue 7, Page(s) 2299–2313

Abstract: The dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) in the extrastriate visual cortex is thought to play an important role in heading perception because neurons in this area are tuned to both optic flow and vestibular signals. MSTd neurons also show ... ...

Abstract	The dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) in the extrastriate visual cortex is thought to play an important role in heading perception because neurons in this area are tuned to both optic flow and vestibular signals. MSTd neurons also show significant correlations with perceptual judgments during a fine heading direction discrimination task. To test for a causal link with heading perception, we used microstimulation and reversible inactivation techniques to artificially perturb MSTd activity while monitoring behavioral performance. Electrical microstimulation significantly biased monkeys' heading percepts based on optic flow, but did not significantly impact vestibular heading judgments. The latter result may be due to the fact that vestibular heading preferences in MSTd are more weakly clustered than visual preferences and multiunit tuning for vestibular stimuli is weak. Reversible chemical inactivation, however, increased behavioral thresholds when heading judgments were based on either optic flow or vestibular cues, although the magnitude of the effects was substantially stronger for optic flow. Behavioral deficits in a combined visual/vestibular stimulus condition were intermediate between the single-cue effects. Despite deficits in discrimination thresholds, animals were able to combine visual and vestibular cues near optimally, even after large bilateral muscimol injections into MSTd. Simulations show that the overall pattern of results following inactivation is consistent with a mixture of contributions from MSTd and other areas with vestibular-dominant tuning for heading. Our results support a causal link between MSTd neurons and multisensory heading perception but suggest that other multisensory brain areas also contribute.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Discrimination, Psychological/physiology ; Electric Stimulation/methods ; Head Movements/physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-03-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5154-11.2012
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Article ; Online: Visual and vestibular cue integration for heading perception in extrastriate visual cortex.

Angelaki, Dora E / Gu, Yong / Deangelis, Gregory C

The Journal of physiology

2010 Volume 589, Issue Pt 4, Page(s) 825–833

Abstract: Natural behaviours, and hence neuronal populations, often combine multiple sensory cues to improve stimulus detectability or discriminability as we explore the environment. Here we review one such example of multisensory cue integration in the dorsal ... ...

Abstract	Natural behaviours, and hence neuronal populations, often combine multiple sensory cues to improve stimulus detectability or discriminability as we explore the environment. Here we review one such example of multisensory cue integration in the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) of the macaque visual cortex. Visual and vestibular cues about the direction of self-motion in the world (heading) are encoded by single multisensory neurons in MSTd. Most neurons tend to prefer lateral stimulus directions and, as they are broadly tuned, are most sensitive in discriminating heading directions around straight forward. Decoding of MSTd population activity shows that these neuronal properties can account for the fact that heading perception in humans and macaques is most precise for directions around straight forward, whereas heading sensitivity declines with increasing eccentricity of the reference direction. Remarkably, when heading is specified by both cues simultaneously, behavioural precision is improved in a manner that is predicted by statistically optimal (Bayesian) cue integration models. A subpopulation of multisensory MSTd cells with congruent visual and vestibular heading preferences also combines the cues near-optimally, establishing a potential neural substrate for behavioral cue integration.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cues ; Head Movements/physiology ; Humans ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-08-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	3115-x
ISSN	1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
ISSN (online)	1469-7793
ISSN	0022-3751
DOI	10.1113/jphysiol.2010.194720
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Article ; Online: Visual-vestibular cue integration for heading perception: applications of optimal cue integration theory.

Fetsch, Christopher R / Deangelis, Gregory C / Angelaki, Dora E

The European journal of neuroscience

2010 Volume 31, Issue 10, Page(s) 1721–1729

Abstract: The perception of self-motion is crucial for navigation, spatial orientation and motor control. In particular, estimation of one's direction of translation, or heading, relies heavily on multisensory integration in most natural situations. Visual and ... ...

Abstract	The perception of self-motion is crucial for navigation, spatial orientation and motor control. In particular, estimation of one's direction of translation, or heading, relies heavily on multisensory integration in most natural situations. Visual and nonvisual (e.g., vestibular) information can be used to judge heading, but each modality alone is often insufficient for accurate performance. It is not surprising, then, that visual and vestibular signals converge frequently in the nervous system, and that these signals interact in powerful ways at the level of behavior and perception. Early behavioral studies of visual-vestibular interactions consisted mainly of descriptive accounts of perceptual illusions and qualitative estimation tasks, often with conflicting results. In contrast, cue integration research in other modalities has benefited from the application of rigorous psychophysical techniques, guided by normative models that rest on the foundation of ideal-observer analysis and Bayesian decision theory. Here we review recent experiments that have attempted to harness these so-called optimal cue integration models for the study of self-motion perception. Some of these studies used nonhuman primate subjects, enabling direct comparisons between behavioral performance and simultaneously recorded neuronal activity. The results indicate that humans and monkeys can integrate visual and vestibular heading cues in a manner consistent with optimal integration theory, and that single neurons in the dorsal medial superior temporal area show striking correlates of the behavioral effects. This line of research and other applications of normative cue combination models should continue to shed light on mechanisms of self-motion perception and the neuronal basis of multisensory integration.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Animals ; Behavior/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Cues ; Head Movements/physiology ; Humans ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology ; Visual Perception/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-06-24
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	645180-9
ISSN	1460-9568 ; 0953-816X
ISSN (online)	1460-9568
ISSN	0953-816X
DOI	10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07207.x
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Article: Precision pooling predicts primate perceptual performance.

Nadler, Jacob W / Deangelis, Gregory C

Nature neuroscience

2005 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 12–13

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Primates
Language	English
Publishing date	2005-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Editorial ; Review
ZDB-ID	1420596-8
ISSN	1546-1726 ; 1097-6256
ISSN (online)	1546-1726
ISSN	1097-6256
DOI	10.1038/nn0105-12
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Article ; Online: Multisensory integration in macaque visual cortex depends on cue reliability.

Morgan, Michael L / Deangelis, Gregory C / Angelaki, Dora E

Neuron

2008 Volume 59, Issue 4, Page(s) 662–673

Abstract: Responses of multisensory neurons to combinations of sensory cues are generally enhanced or depressed relative to single cues presented alone, but the rules that govern these interactions have remained unclear. We examined integration of visual and ... ...

Abstract	Responses of multisensory neurons to combinations of sensory cues are generally enhanced or depressed relative to single cues presented alone, but the rules that govern these interactions have remained unclear. We examined integration of visual and vestibular self-motion cues in macaque area MSTd in response to unimodal as well as congruent and conflicting bimodal stimuli in order to evaluate hypothetical combination rules employed by multisensory neurons. Bimodal responses were well fit by weighted linear sums of unimodal responses, with weights typically less than one (subadditive). Surprisingly, our results indicate that weights change with the relative reliabilities of the two cues: visual weights decrease and vestibular weights increase when visual stimuli are degraded. Moreover, both modulation depth and neuronal discrimination thresholds improve for matched bimodal compared to unimodal stimuli, which might allow for increased neural sensitivity during multisensory stimulation. These findings establish important new constraints for neural models of cue integration.
MeSH term(s)	Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Cues ; Discrimination, Psychological/physiology ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Kinesthesis/physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mental Processes/physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Sensory Thresholds/physiology ; Temporal Lobe/cytology ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology ; Visual Cortex/cytology ; Visual Cortex/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-08-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	808167-0
ISSN	1097-4199 ; 0896-6273
ISSN (online)	1097-4199
ISSN	0896-6273
DOI	10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.024
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Zs.A 2496: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Neural correlates of multisensory cue integration in macaque MSTd.

Gu, Yong / Angelaki, Dora E / Deangelis, Gregory C

Nature neuroscience

2008 Volume 11, Issue 10, Page(s) 1201–1210

Abstract: Human observers combine multiple sensory cues synergistically to achieve greater perceptual sensitivity, but little is known about the underlying neuronal mechanisms. We recorded the activity of neurons in the dorsal medial superior temporal (MSTd) area ... ...

Abstract	Human observers combine multiple sensory cues synergistically to achieve greater perceptual sensitivity, but little is known about the underlying neuronal mechanisms. We recorded the activity of neurons in the dorsal medial superior temporal (MSTd) area during a task in which trained monkeys combined visual and vestibular cues near-optimally to discriminate heading. During bimodal stimulation, MSTd neurons combined visual and vestibular inputs linearly with subadditive weights. Neurons with congruent heading preferences for visual and vestibular stimuli showed improvements in sensitivity that parallel behavioral effects. In contrast, neurons with opposite preferences showed diminished sensitivity under cue combination. Responses of congruent cells were more strongly correlated with monkeys' perceptual decisions than were responses of opposite cells, suggesting that the monkey monitored the activity of congruent cells to a greater extent during cue integration. These findings show that perceptual cue integration occurs in nonhuman primates and identify a population of neurons that may form its neural basis.
MeSH term(s)	Action Potentials/physiology ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Cues ; Functional Laterality ; Head Movements/physiology ; Kinesthesis ; Macaca mulatta ; Models, Neurological ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Probability ; Psychometrics/methods ; Psychophysics ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Signal Detection, Psychological/physiology ; Temporal Lobe/cytology ; Visual Perception/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-09-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1420596-8
ISSN	1546-1726 ; 1097-6256
ISSN (online)	1546-1726
ISSN	1097-6256
DOI	10.1038/nn.2191
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Article ; Online: Direction discrimination thresholds of vestibular and cerebellar nuclei neurons.

Liu, Sheng / Yakusheva, Tatyana / Deangelis, Gregory C / Angelaki, Dora E

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2010 Volume 30, Issue 2, Page(s) 439–448

Abstract: To understand the roles of the vestibular system in perceptual detection and discrimination of self-motion, it is critical to account for response variability in computing the sensitivity of vestibular neurons. Here we study responses of neurons with no ... ...

Abstract	To understand the roles of the vestibular system in perceptual detection and discrimination of self-motion, it is critical to account for response variability in computing the sensitivity of vestibular neurons. Here we study responses of neurons with no eye movement sensitivity in the vestibular (VN) and rostral fastigial nuclei (FN) using high-frequency (2 Hz) oscillatory translational motion stimuli. The axis of translation (i.e., heading) varied slowly (1 degrees /s) in the horizontal plane as the animal was translated back and forth. Signal detection theory was used to compute the threshold sensitivity of VN/FN neurons for discriminating small variations in heading around all possible directions of translation. Across the population, minimum heading discrimination thresholds averaged 16.6 degrees +/- 1 degrees SE for FN neurons and 15.3 degrees +/- 2.2 degrees SE for VN neurons, severalfold larger than perceptual thresholds for heading discrimination. In line with previous studies and theoretical predictions, maximum discriminability was observed for directions where firing rate changed steeply as a function of heading, which occurs at headings approximately perpendicular to the maximum response direction. Forward/backward heading thresholds tended to be lower than lateral motion thresholds, and the ratio of lateral over forward heading thresholds averaged 2.2 +/- 6.1 (geometric mean +/- SD) for FN neurons and 1.1 +/- 4.4 for VN neurons. Our findings suggest that substantial pooling and/or selective decoding of vestibular signals from the vestibular and deep cerebellar nuclei may be important components of further processing. Such a characterization of neural sensitivity is critical for understanding how early stages of vestibular processing limit behavioral performance.
MeSH term(s)	Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Cerebellar Nuclei/cytology ; Discrimination, Psychological/physiology ; Eye Movements/physiology ; Macaca fascicularis ; Macaca mulatta ; Models, Biological ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; ROC Curve ; Sensory Thresholds/physiology ; Vestibular Nuclei/cytology
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-01-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3192-09.2010
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