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  1. Article: The use of an inflammation-modulating diet in patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis of outcome data.

    Pontes-Arruda, Alessandro / Demichele, Stephen / Seth, Anand / Singer, Pierre

    JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition

    2008  Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) 596–605

    Abstract: Background: This meta-analysis of clinical trials compares an inflammation-modulating diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and elevated antioxidants (EPA + GLA) vs a control diet to determine the effectiveness of ... ...

    Abstract Background: This meta-analysis of clinical trials compares an inflammation-modulating diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and elevated antioxidants (EPA + GLA) vs a control diet to determine the effectiveness of this specialized diet on oxygenation and clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
    Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Clinical Trials Register, and the U.S. National Institute of Health Clinical Trials databases were searched. The outcome measures assessed were 28-day in-hospital mortality, 28-day ventilator-free and intensive care unit (ICU)-free days, and the development of new organ failures. An evaluation of oxygenation and ventilatory variables was also performed. Outcomes were analyzed using both fixed-effects and random-effects models.
    Results: Three randomized controlled studies (n = 411 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. Among the most important findings of this evaluation is a significant reduction in the risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24-0.68; P = .001), with significant reductions in the risk of developing new organ failures (OR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.08-0.34; P < .0001), time on mechanical ventilation (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.32-0.79; P < .0001), and ICU stay (SMD = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.27-0.74; P < .0001) in patients who received EPA + GLA.
    Conclusions: The meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in the risk of mortality as well as relevant improvements in oxygenation and clinical outcomes of ventilated patients with ALI/ARDS given EPA + GLA.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Lung Injury/complications ; Acute Lung Injury/mortality ; Acute Lung Injury/therapy ; Confidence Intervals ; Diet ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid/administration & dosage ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid/therapeutic use ; Enteral Nutrition/methods ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Multiple Organ Failure/epidemiology ; Multiple Organ Failure/etiology ; Odds Ratio ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/complications ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/mortality ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; gamma-Linolenic Acid/administration & dosage ; gamma-Linolenic Acid/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances gamma-Linolenic Acid (78YC2MAX4O) ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid (AAN7QOV9EA)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 800861-9
    ISSN 0148-6071
    ISSN 0148-6071
    DOI 10.1177/0148607108324203
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1524: Show issues Location:
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  2. Article ; Online: The Cognitive Ageing, Nutrition and Neurogenesis (CANN) trial: Design and progress.

    Irvine, Michael A / Scholey, Andrew / King, Rebecca / Gillings, Rachel / Vauzour, David / Demichele, Stephen J / Das, Tapas / Wesnes, Keith A / Sutton, Brad P / Cassidy, Aedin / Pipingas, Andrew / Potter, John F / Johnson, Glyn / White, David / Larsen, Ryan / Cohen, Neal J / Minihane, Anne-Marie

    Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)

    2018  Volume 4, Page(s) 591–601

    Abstract: Introduction: The Cognitive Ageing, Nutrition and Neurogenesis trial hypothesizes that a combined intervention with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3) and cocoa flavan-3-ols (FLAV) will mitigate the cognitive decline anticipated to ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The Cognitive Ageing, Nutrition and Neurogenesis trial hypothesizes that a combined intervention with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3) and cocoa flavan-3-ols (FLAV) will mitigate the cognitive decline anticipated to naturally occur over 1 year in older adults.
    Methods: In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel design, 259 individuals with mild cognitive impairment or subjective memory impairment were randomized to a control or n-3 FLAV group (1.5 g docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid and 500 mg n-3 FLAV daily) for 12 months. Cognition was measured at 0, 3, and 12 months. The primary end-point is hippocampus-sensitive cognitive function (e.g., number of false-positives on the Picture Recognition Task of the Cognitive Drug Research test battery). Secondary outcomes include additional cognitive measures, brain atrophy and blood flow (assessed by magnetic resonance imaging), vascular function, circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular and cognitive health, gut microflora, red blood cell fatty acid status, and urine flavan-3-ol metabolites.
    Results: Screening began in 2015, with all baseline visits completed in March 2017. The intervention was finished in March 2018.
    Discussion: Cognitive Ageing, Nutrition and Neurogenesis aims to identify an effective diet-based intervention to prevent or delay cognitive impairment in cognitively at-risk individuals, which could ultimately contribute to a reduced population burden of dementia.
    Clinicaltrialsgov: NCT02525198.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2832891-7
    ISSN 2352-8737 ; 2352-8737
    ISSN (online) 2352-8737
    ISSN 2352-8737
    DOI 10.1016/j.trci.2018.08.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Differential effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on metabolic control and vascular reactivity in the type 2 diabetic ob/ob mouse.

    Mustad, Vikkie A / Demichele, Stephen / Huang, Yung-Sheng / Mika, Amanda / Lubbers, Nathan / Berthiaume, Nathalie / Polakowski, Jim / Zinker, Brad

    Metabolism: clinical and experimental

    2006  Volume 55, Issue 10, Page(s) 1365–1374

    Abstract: Diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are recommended for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The American Heart Association recommends increasing intakes of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to reduce the risk of vascular ... ...

    Abstract Diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are recommended for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The American Heart Association recommends increasing intakes of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to reduce the risk of vascular disease in high-risk individuals; however, the long-term effects of these bioactive fatty acids on glucose metabolism in insulin resistance are controversial. The present studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of diets rich in both MUFA and alpha linolenic acid (C18:3n-3, ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, EPA), or docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA), on glycemic control and other parameters related to vascular health in a mouse model of T2DM and insulin resistance. Male ob/ob mice (n = 15 per treatment) were fed 1 of 4 lipid-modified formula diets (LFDs) for 4 weeks: (1) MUFA control, (2) ALA blend, (3) EPA blend, and (4) DHA blend. A portion of a MUFA-rich lipid blend in the control LFD was replaced with 11% to 14% energy as n-3 PUFA. After 4 weeks, plasma glucose response to a standard meal (1.5 g carbohydrate/kg body weight) and insulin challenge (2 U/kg body weight, IP) was assessed, and samples were collected for analysis of glucose, insulin, and lipids. Vascular reactivity of isolated aortic rings was assessed in an identical follow-up study. The results showed that insulin-resistant mice fed an LFD with EPA and/or DHA blends had significantly (P < .05) lower triglycerides and free fatty acids, but insulin sensitivity and fasting plasma glucose were not improved. However, mice fed with the ALA blend had significantly improved insulin sensitivity when compared to those fed with other LFD (P < .05). Animals fed an LFD with n-3 PUFA from marine or plant sources showed significantly improved vascular responses as compared with the MUFA-rich LFD (E(max), P < .05) and ob/ob reference mice consuming chow (E(max) and pEC(50), P < .05). In summary, long-term consumption of LFD with n-3 PUFAs improved blood lipids and vascular function in an animal model of insulin resistance and T2DM; however, only MUFA-rich LFD with ALA also improved both insulin sensitivity and glycemic responses. Further studies of MUFA-rich LFD with ALA with individuals who have T2DM are warranted.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Blood Vessels/drug effects ; Blood Vessels/physiopathology ; Body Weight/physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology ; Diet ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin Resistance ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Phospholipids/blood ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Triglycerides/blood
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ; Insulin ; Phospholipids ; Triglycerides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80230-x
    ISSN 1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
    ISSN (online) 1532-8600
    ISSN 0026-0495
    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.06.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Uc I Zs.316: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article: An oral supplement enriched with fish oil, soluble fiber, and antioxidants for corticosteroid sparing in ulcerative colitis: a randomized, controlled trial.

    Seidner, Douglas L / Lashner, Bret A / Brzezinski, Aaron / Banks, Phillip L C / Goldblum, John / Fiocchi, Claudio / Katz, Jeffry / Lichtenstein, Gary R / Anton, Peter A / Kam, Lori Y / Garleb, Keith A / Demichele, Stephen J

    Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association

    2005  Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 358–369

    Abstract: Background & aims: N-3 fatty acids from fish oil, antioxidants, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced during the fermentation of soluble fiber may attenuate inflammation associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). We assessed the efficacy of a ... ...

    Abstract Background & aims: N-3 fatty acids from fish oil, antioxidants, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced during the fermentation of soluble fiber may attenuate inflammation associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). We assessed the efficacy of a nutritionally balanced oral supplement enriched with fish oil, fructooligosaccharides, gum arabic, vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium on disease activity and medication use in adults with mild to moderate UC.
    Methods: A total of 121 patients with UC and a disease activity index (DAI) from 3-9 on a 12-point scale were block randomized for extent of disease and smoking status. In addition to their usual diet, patients consumed 18 oz of the oral supplement or a carbohydrate-based placebo formula each day for 6 months. Clinical and histologic responses were assessed at 3 and 6 months or at the final visit. A change in average prednisone use between groups was tested by using a linear mixed-effects model.
    Results: Eighty-six patients completed the study. Baseline characteristics were not different between groups except for a higher total DAI score in the oral supplement group (7.3 +/- 1.3; n = 36) compared with the placebo group (6.2 +/- 2.0; n = 50) ( P < .05). Both groups showed significant and similar degree of improvement at 6 months in DAI (-2.5 for oral supplement and -2.8 for placebo) and histologic index (-1.9 for oral supplement vs. -2.0 for placebo). Both intent-to-treat and completed patients given oral supplement had a significantly greater rate of decrease in the dose of prednisone required to control clinical symptoms over 6 months as compared with the placebo group ( P < .001).
    Conclusions: The improvement in clinical response combined with a decreased requirement for corticosteroids suggest that this enriched oral supplement can be a useful adjuvant therapy in patients with UC.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Oral ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage ; Adult ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; Biopsy, Needle ; Colitis, Ulcerative/diet therapy ; Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology ; Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage ; Dietary Supplements ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Fish Oils/therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Probability ; Reference Values ; Risk Assessment ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemical Substances Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Antioxidants ; Dietary Fiber ; Fish Oils
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-03-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2119789-1
    ISSN 1542-7714 ; 1542-3565
    ISSN (online) 1542-7714
    ISSN 1542-3565
    DOI 10.1016/s1542-3565(04)00672-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 5836: Show issues Location:
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