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  1. Article: Efficacy of GnRH immunocontraception of wild white-tailed deer in New Jersey

    Gionfriddo, James P / Denicola, Anthony J / Fagerstone, Kathleen A / Miller, Lowell A

    Wildlife Society bulletin. 2011 Sept., v. 35, no. 3

    2011  

    Abstract: Safe and effective contraceptive agents are needed to manage overabundant populations of cervids in settings where traditional management methods such as hunting are prohibited or impractical. We used GonaCon Immunocontraceptive Vaccine to reduce ... ...

    Abstract Safe and effective contraceptive agents are needed to manage overabundant populations of cervids in settings where traditional management methods such as hunting are prohibited or impractical. We used GonaCon Immunocontraceptive Vaccine to reduce reproduction in individual white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on a fully fenced corporate-office campus in suburban New Jersey, USA. In July–August 2005, we captured, marked, injected, and released 47 adult females and then monitored their reproductive performance for 2 years. Thirty-two of these females each received a 1.0-mL injection of GonaCon vaccine, and 15 control females were given sham injections. Field observations of udder condition during summers of 2006 and 2007 were used to determine which adult female deer were lactating; lactation was used as an indicator of imminent or recent parturition. During summer 2006, 8 of 24 GonaCon-treated deer were pregnant, in contrast to 12 of 13 control deer. During summer 2007, 2 years after injections were given, 13 of 23 GonaCon-treated and 10 of 12 control animals were pregnant. We also captured, vaccinated, and released fawns (both sexes) and yearling and adult males and then monitored their reproductive status. Immunocontraception of fawns was unsuccessful. In some GonaCon-treated males (all age classes), serum testosterone concentrations and development of testes and antlers were reduced. Higher anti-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone antibody titers were associated with greater infertility in females and with lower values for reproductive parameters in males. GonaCon reduced reproduction in wild adult female white-tailed deer, but greater contraceptive efficacy may be required for it to gain widespread acceptance and use by natural resource managers.
    Keywords age structure ; antibodies ; antlers ; contraception ; contraceptives ; deer ; fawns ; female fertility ; females ; gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; lactation ; males ; Odocoileus virginianus ; parturition ; pregnancy ; summer ; testes ; testosterone ; udders ; vaccines ; wildlife management ; yearlings ; New Jersey
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-09
    Size p. 142-148.
    Document type Article
    Note Includes references
    ZDB-ID 2067355-3
    ISSN 2328-5540 ; 1938-5463 ; 0091-7648
    ISSN (online) 2328-5540 ; 1938-5463
    ISSN 0091-7648
    DOI 10.1002/wsb.32
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: Health effects of GnRH immunocontraception of wild white-tailed deer in New Jersey

    Gionfriddo, James P / Denicola, Anthony J / Fagerstone, Kathleen A / Miller, Lowell A

    Wildlife Society bulletin. 2011 Sept., v. 35, no. 3

    2011  

    Abstract: We evaluated the health effects of GonaCon Immunocontraceptive Vaccine in individual white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on a fully fenced corporate office campus in suburban New Jersey, USA. We captured and vaccinated adult females, fawns of both ...

    Abstract We evaluated the health effects of GonaCon Immunocontraceptive Vaccine in individual white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on a fully fenced corporate office campus in suburban New Jersey, USA. We captured and vaccinated adult females, fawns of both sexes, and yearling and adult males, and evaluated their health status through field and necropsy observations, assessment of blood chemistry, and histopathological examination of selected tissues. One 1.0-mL intramuscular injection of vaccine was delivered by hand to the hind limb of each GonaCon-treated deer. Control deer received sham injections (ad F) or no injections (yearling and ad M). Mean body-condition scores of GonaCon-treated adult females and males were greater than those of corresponding control groups. No evidence of limping or impaired mobility was noted in study deer during the 2-year study. No adverse effects of vaccination were detected in major organs, organ systems, body condition, fat deposits, or blood chemistry. Injection-site lesions (granulomatous nodules and sterile abscesses) occurred in the deep hind-limb musculature of >85% of GonaCon-treated and sham-injected deer but were not detectable externally. Reactions at injection sites and in lymph nodes were typical responses to injection of vaccines formulated as water-in-oil emulsions, especially those, like GonaCon, that contain mycobacteria. The formation of injection-site lesions may be a necessary component of the immune response that causes infertility in treated animals. Natural resource managers who use GonaCon to manage deer in settings such as developed areas and public parks will ultimately determine its value and applicability.
    Keywords abscess ; adverse effects ; animal fertility ; blood chemistry ; body condition ; contraception ; deer ; emulsions ; fawns ; females ; gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; health status ; histopathology ; immune response ; injection site ; intramuscular injection ; lymph nodes ; males ; managers ; necropsy ; Odocoileus virginianus ; parks ; vaccination ; vaccines ; yearlings ; New Jersey
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-09
    Size p. 149-160.
    Document type Article
    Note Includes references
    ZDB-ID 2067355-3
    ISSN 2328-5540 ; 1938-5463 ; 0091-7648
    ISSN (online) 2328-5540 ; 1938-5463
    ISSN 0091-7648
    DOI 10.1002/wsb.17
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Reduced abundance of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) and the tick parasitoid Ixodiphagus hookeri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) with reduction of white-tailed deer.

    Stafford, Kirby C / Denicola, Anthony J / Kilpatrick, Howard J

    Journal of medical entomology

    2003  Volume 40, Issue 5, Page(s) 642–652

    Abstract: The principal vector for the pathogens of Lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, and human babesiosis is the tick Ixodes scapularis Say. A chalcid wasp, Ixodiphagus hookeri, in the family Encyrtidae parasitizes populations of the tick on several ... ...

    Abstract The principal vector for the pathogens of Lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, and human babesiosis is the tick Ixodes scapularis Say. A chalcid wasp, Ixodiphagus hookeri, in the family Encyrtidae parasitizes populations of the tick on several islands or other geographically isolated sites in New England with high densities of these ticks and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), the principal host for adult I. scapularis. Deer densities were reduced at a forested tract in Bridgeport and the Bluff Point Coastal Reserve in Groton, Connecticut, from levels exceeding 90 animals per km2 in 1992 (Bridgeport) and 1994 (Bluff Point) to 17 and 10 animals per km2, respectively, by fall 2001. Tick densities declined with sustained reductions in the population of white-tailed deer. Similarly, prevalence of tick parasitism by Ixodes hookeri declined at both sites from 30 to 25% to <1.0% and was significantly correlated with previous year's deer density at both sites (r(s) = 0.933 and r(s) = 0.867, P < or = 0.0001) and with nymphal tick densities at Bridgeport (r(s) = 0.867, P < or = 0.0001), but was not as well correlated with tick densities in Groton. The virtual disappearance of I. hookeri in this study corresponds with a lack of I. hookeri in mainland I. scapularis at comparable deer and tick densities, suggesting that there is a threshold deer density of approximatley 10-20/km2, with corresponding tick densities necessary for I. hookeri to successfully parasitize I. scapularis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Connecticut ; Deer/parasitology ; Geography ; Ixodes/growth & development ; Ixodes/pathogenicity ; Larva ; Population Growth ; Tick Infestations/epidemiology ; Tick Infestations/veterinary ; Wasps/parasitology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-07-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 410635-0
    ISSN 0022-2585
    ISSN 0022-2585
    DOI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.5.642
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Topical treatment of white-tailed deer with an acaricide for the control of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in a Connecticut Lyme borreliosis hyperendemic Community.

    Stafford, Kirby C / Denicola, Anthony J / Pound, J Mathews / Miller, J Allen / George, John E

    Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)

    2009  Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 371–379

    Abstract: The 4-Poster device for the topical treatment of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), against ticks using the acaricide amitraz, was evaluated in a Lyme borreliosis endemic community in Connecticut. As part of a 5-year project from ... ...

    Abstract The 4-Poster device for the topical treatment of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), against ticks using the acaricide amitraz, was evaluated in a Lyme borreliosis endemic community in Connecticut. As part of a 5-year project from 1997 to 2002, 21-24 of the 4-Posters were distributed at residential sites in Old Lyme, CT, in a core treatment area of approximately 5.2 km(2) in fall 1997. The 4-Posters were active October to mid-December and March into May, corresponding to the peak periods of activity for adult Ixodes scapularis in this particular area. Corn consumption ranged from 361 to 4789 kg/month for October and November and 696-3130 kg/month during April. Usage of 4-Posters by deer generally was high (>90%), except during acorn masts in fall 1998 and 2001. Amitraz was applied by rollers at the estimated rate of 1.3 g active ingredient/ha/year. The abundance of host-seeking I. scapularis nymphs declined significantly (p < 0.001) in the core treatment area, as compared to a control community in Old Saybrook, CT, through 2004, over the project period from 1998 to 2003, from 9.3/100m(2) to 0.97/100m(2), rising to 1.90/100m(2) in 2004. From 1999 through 2003, there were 46.1%, 49.6%, 63.4%, 64.6%, and 70.2% reductions, respectively, in the nymphal tick population in comparison with the untreated community and initial tick abundance in 1998. Control of I. scapularis adults declined to only 19.1% in 2004; 2 years after the treatment of deer was discontinued. Differences in nymphal tick abundance between the control and core treatment area were significant in 1999 (p = 0.042) and highly significant in 2001 (p < 0.001) and 2002 (p = 0.002). The passive topical application to deer of the acaricide amitraz resulted in a significant decrease in the population of free-living I. scapularis nymphs in the treated core in Connecticut.
    MeSH term(s) Acaricides/administration & dosage ; Analysis of Variance ; Animal Feed ; Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/growth & development ; Borrelia burgdorferi/growth & development ; Connecticut ; Deer/parasitology ; Endemic Diseases/prevention & control ; Humans ; Ixodes/growth & development ; Lyme Disease/prevention & control ; Mid-Atlantic Region ; Nymph ; Rhode Island ; Tick Control/methods ; Tick Infestations/prevention & control ; Tick Infestations/veterinary ; Zea mays
    Chemical Substances Acaricides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2047199-3
    ISSN 1557-7759 ; 1530-3667
    ISSN (online) 1557-7759
    ISSN 1530-3667
    DOI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0161
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6137: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article: Topical Treatment of White-Tailed Deer with an Acaricide for the Control of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in a Connecticut Lyme Borreliosis Hyperendemic Community

    Stafford, Kirby C. III / Denicola, Anthony J / Pound, J. Mathews / Miller, J. Allen / George, John E

    Vector borne and zoonotic diseases. 2009 Aug., v. 9, no. 4

    2009  

    Abstract: The 4-Poster device for the topical treatment of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), against ticks using the acaricide amitraz, was evaluated in a Lyme borreliosis endemic community in Connecticut. As part of a 5-year project from ... ...

    Abstract The 4-Poster device for the topical treatment of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), against ticks using the acaricide amitraz, was evaluated in a Lyme borreliosis endemic community in Connecticut. As part of a 5-year project from 1997 to 2002, 21-24 of the 4-Posters were distributed at residential sites in Old Lyme, CT, in a core treatment area of approximately equal to 5.2km2 in fall 1997. The 4-Posters were active October to mid-December and March into May, corresponding to the peak periods of activity for adult Ixodes scapularis in this particular area. Corn consumption ranged from 361 to 4789kg/month for October and November and 696-3130kg/month during April. Usage of 4-Posters by deer generally was high (>90%), except during acorn masts in fall 1998 and 2001. Amitraz was applied by rollers at the estimated rate of 1.3g active ingredient/ha/year. The abundance of host-seeking I. scapularis nymphs declined significantly (p<0.001) in the core treatment area, as compared to a control community in Old Saybrook, CT, through 2004, over the project period from 1998 to 2003, from 9.3/100m2 to 0.97/100m2, rising to 1.90/100m2 in 2004. From 1999 through 2003, there were 46.1%, 49.6%, 63.4%, 64.6%, and 70.2% reductions, respectively, in the nymphal tick population in comparison with the untreated community and initial tick abundance in 1998. Control of I. scapularis adults declined to only 19.1% in 2004; 2 years after the treatment of deer was discontinued. Differences in nymphal tick abundance between the control and core treatment area were significant in 1999 (p=0.042) and highly significant in 2001 (p<0.001) and 2002 (p=0.002). The passive topical application to deer of the acaricide amitraz resulted in a significant decrease in the population of free-living I. scapularis nymphs in the treated core in Connecticut.
    Keywords Ixodes scapularis ; tick control ; population density ; acaricides ; amitraz ; topical application ; application equipment ; Odocoileus virginianus ; deer ; tick-borne diseases ; Lyme disease ; Connecticut
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2009-08
    Size p. 371-379.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2047199-3
    ISSN 1557-7759 ; 1530-3667
    ISSN (online) 1557-7759
    ISSN 1530-3667
    DOI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0161
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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  6. Article: Acaricidal Treatment of White-Tailed Deer to Control Ixodes scapularius (Acari: Ixodidae) in a New York Lyme Disease -Endemic Community

    Daniels, Thomas J / Falco, Richard C / Mchugh, Erin E / Vellozzi, James / Boccia, Theresa / Denicola, Anthony J / Pound, J. Matthews / George, John E / Fish, Durland

    Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases. 2009, v. 9, no. 4

    2009  

    Abstract: The efficacy of topically treating white-tailed deer with an acaricide was evaluated in a Lyme disease–endemic community of southern New York State. Twenty-four 4-Poster feeders were placed in a 5.2km2 treatment area in Bedford, NY, while a site in ... ...

    Abstract The efficacy of topically treating white-tailed deer with an acaricide was evaluated in a Lyme disease–endemic community of southern New York State. Twenty-four 4-Poster feeders were placed in a 5.2km2 treatment area in Bedford, NY, while a site in Lewisboro, NY, 4.8km distant, served as control. Treatment periods ran from 15 September to 15 December each fall from 1997 to 2001, and from 15 March to 15 May each spring from 1998 to 2002. Corn consumption averaged 15,779 kg in fall sessions and 9054 kg in spring sessions, and a mean of 89.6% of deer in the study area showed evidence of using the feeders. Deer densities, estimated by aerial snow counts, averaged 22 and 28 deer per km2 in Bedford and Lewisboro, respectively, over a 3-year period. Significant reductions in tick numbers on deer captured in the treatment area were noted in fall 1999 compared to deer captured at the control site. Drag sampling for nymphal host-seeking ticks indicated 63.6% control in 2001, which dropped to 54.8% the following year, but reached 80% in 2003. Higher-than-normal acorn production in 2001 that likely caused a drop in deer visitation to the feeders may have reduced efficacy against larval ticks in 2002. The 4-Poster effectively reduced the density of Ixodes scapularis, though the level of control is dependent on environmental factors that affect feeding behavior of white-tailed deer.
    Keywords Ixodes scapularis ; Lyme disease ; Odocoileus virginianus ; acaricides ; animal feeders ; deer ; environmental factors ; feeding behavior ; fruits ; pesticide application ; population density ; spring ; tick control ; ticks ; topical application ; New York
    Language English
    Size p. 381-387.
    Document type Article
    DOI 10.1089=vbz.2008.0197
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Acaricidal treatment of white-tailed deer to control Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in a New York Lyme disease-endemic community.

    Daniels, Thomas J / Falco, Richard C / McHugh, Erin E / Vellozzi, James / Boccia, Theresa / Denicola, Anthony J / Pound, J Mathews / Miller, J Allen / George, John E / Fish, Durland

    Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)

    2009  Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 381–387

    Abstract: The efficacy of topically treating white-tailed deer with an acaricide was evaluated in a Lyme disease-endemic community of southern New York State. Twenty-four 4-Poster feeders were placed in a 5.2 km(2) treatment area in Bedford, NY, while a site in ... ...

    Abstract The efficacy of topically treating white-tailed deer with an acaricide was evaluated in a Lyme disease-endemic community of southern New York State. Twenty-four 4-Poster feeders were placed in a 5.2 km(2) treatment area in Bedford, NY, while a site in Lewisboro, NY, 4.8 km distant, served as control. Treatment periods ran from 15 September to 15 December each fall from 1997 to 2001, and from 15 March to 15 May each spring from 1998 to 2002. Corn consumption averaged 15,779 kg in fall sessions and 9054 kg in spring sessions, and a mean of 89.6% of deer in the study area showed evidence of using the feeders. Deer densities, estimated by aerial snow counts, averaged 22 and 28 deer per km(2) in Bedford and Lewisboro, respectively, over a 3-year period. Significant reductions in tick numbers on deer captured in the treatment area were noted in fall 1999 compared to deer captured at the control site. Drag sampling for nymphal host-seeking ticks indicated 63.6% control in 2001, which dropped to 54.8% the following year, but reached 80% in 2003. Higher-than-normal acorn production in 2001 that likely caused a drop in deer visitation to the feeders may have reduced efficacy against larval ticks in 2002. The 4-Poster effectively reduced the density of Ixodes scapularis, though the level of control is dependent on environmental factors that affect feeding behavior of white-tailed deer.
    MeSH term(s) Acaricides/administration & dosage ; Analysis of Variance ; Animal Feed ; Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/growth & development ; Deer/parasitology ; Endemic Diseases/prevention & control ; Geographic Information Systems ; Humans ; Ixodes/growth & development ; Lyme Disease/prevention & control ; New York ; Tick Control/methods ; Tick Control/statistics & numerical data ; Tick Infestations/prevention & control ; Tick Infestations/veterinary ; Zea mays
    Chemical Substances Acaricides
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2047199-3
    ISSN 1557-7759 ; 1530-3667
    ISSN (online) 1557-7759
    ISSN 1530-3667
    DOI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0197
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6137: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article: Acaricidal Treatment of White-Tailed Deer to Control Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in a New York Lyme Disease-Endemic Community

    Daniels, Thomas J / Falco, Richard C / Mchugh, Erin E / Vellozzi, James / Boccia, Theresa / Denicola, Anthony J / Pound, J. Mathews / Miller, J. Allen / George, John E / Fish, Durland

    Vector borne and zoonotic diseases. 2009 Aug., v. 9, no. 4

    2009  

    Abstract: The efficacy of topically treating white-tailed deer with an acaricide was evaluated in a Lyme disease-endemic community of southern New York State. Twenty-four 4-Poster feeders were placed in a 5.2km2 treatment area in Bedford, NY, while a site in ... ...

    Abstract The efficacy of topically treating white-tailed deer with an acaricide was evaluated in a Lyme disease-endemic community of southern New York State. Twenty-four 4-Poster feeders were placed in a 5.2km2 treatment area in Bedford, NY, while a site in Lewisboro, NY, 4.8km distant, served as control. Treatment periods ran from 15 September to 15 December each fall from 1997 to 2001, and from 15 March to 15 May each spring from 1998 to 2002. Corn consumption averaged 15,779 kg in fall sessions and 9054 kg in spring sessions, and a mean of 89.6% of deer in the study area showed evidence of using the feeders. Deer densities, estimated by aerial snow counts, averaged 22 and 28 deer per km2 in Bedford and Lewisboro, respectively, over a 3-year period. Significant reductions in tick numbers on deer captured in the treatment area were noted in fall 1999 compared to deer captured at the control site. Drag sampling for nymphal host-seeking ticks indicated 63.6% control in 2001, which dropped to 54.8% the following year, but reached 80% in 2003. Higher-than-normal acorn production in 2001 that likely caused a drop in deer visitation to the feeders may have reduced efficacy against larval ticks in 2002. The 4-Poster effectively reduced the density of Ixodes scapularis, though the level of control is dependent on environmental factors that affect feeding behavior of white-tailed deer.
    Keywords Ixodes scapularis ; tick control ; population density ; acaricides ; amitraz ; topical application ; application equipment ; feeders ; Odocoileus virginianus ; deer ; baits ; corn ; vector control ; Lyme disease ; New York
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2009-08
    Size p. 381-387.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2047199-3
    ISSN 1557-7759 ; 1530-3667
    ISSN (online) 1557-7759
    ISSN 1530-3667
    DOI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0197
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

    More links

    Kategorien

    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6137: Show issues Location:
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