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  1. Article ; Online: Optical performance monitoring using digital coherent receivers and convolutional neural networks.

    Cho, Hyung Joon / Varughese, Siddharth / Lippiatt, Daniel / Desalvo, Richard / Tibuleac, Sorin / Ralph, Stephen E

    Optics express

    2020  Volume 28, Issue 21, Page(s) 32087–32104

    Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate accurate modulation format identification, optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) estimation, and bit error ratio (BER) estimation of optical signals for wavelength division multiplexed optical communication systems using ... ...

    Abstract We experimentally demonstrate accurate modulation format identification, optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) estimation, and bit error ratio (BER) estimation of optical signals for wavelength division multiplexed optical communication systems using convolutional neural networks (CNN). We assess the benefits and challenges of extracting information at two distinct points within the demodulation process: immediately after timing recovery and immediately prior to symbol unmapping. For the former, we use 3D Stokes-space based signal representations. For the latter, we use conventional I-Q constellation images created using demodulated symbols. We demonstrate these methods on simulated and experimental dual-polarized waveforms for 32-GBaud QPSK, 8QAM, 16QAM, and 32QAM. Our results show that CNN extracts distinct and learnable features at both the early stage of demodulation where the information can be used to optimize subsequent stages and near the end of demodulation where the constellation images are readily available. Modulation format identification is demonstrated with >99.8% accuracy, OSNR estimation with <0.5 dB average discrepancy and BER estimation with percentage error of <25%.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1491859-6
    ISSN 1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
    ISSN (online) 1094-4087
    ISSN 1094-4087
    DOI 10.1364/OE.406294
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Z-scan measurements of the anisotropy of nonlinear refraction and absorption in crystals.

    Desalvo, R / Sheik-Bahae, M / Said, A A / Hagan, D J / Van Stryland, E W

    Optics letters

    2008  Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) 194

    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-09-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0146-9592
    ISSN 0146-9592
    DOI 10.1364/ol.18.000194
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Measurement of nondegenerate nonlinearities using a two-color Z scan.

    Sheik-Bahae, M / Wang, J / Desalvo, R / Hagan, D J / Stryland, E W

    Optics letters

    2008  Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) 258–260

    Abstract: A simple dual-wavelength (two-color) Z-scan geometry is demonstrated for measuring nonlinearities at frequency omega(p) owing to the presence of light at omega(e). This technique gives the nondegenerate two-photon absorption (2PA) coefficient beta(omega( ... ...

    Abstract A simple dual-wavelength (two-color) Z-scan geometry is demonstrated for measuring nonlinearities at frequency omega(p) owing to the presence of light at omega(e). This technique gives the nondegenerate two-photon absorption (2PA) coefficient beta(omega(p); omega(e)) and the nondegenerate nonlinear refractive index n(2)(omega(p); omega(e)), i.e., cross-phase modulation. We demonstrate this technique on CS(2) for n(2) and on ZnSe where 2PA and n(2) are present simultaneously.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-09-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0146-9592
    ISSN 0146-9592
    DOI 10.1364/ol.17.000258
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Self-focusing and self-defocusing by cascaded second-order effects in KTP.

    Desalvo, R / Hagan, D J / Sheik-Bahae, M / Stegeman, G / Van Stryland, E W / Vanherzeele, H

    Optics letters

    2008  Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 28–30

    Abstract: We monitor the induced phase change produced by a cascaded chi((2)):chi((2)) process in KTP near the phase-matching angle on a picosecond 1.06-microm-wavelength beam using the Z-scan technique. This nonlinear refraction is observed to change sign as the ... ...

    Abstract We monitor the induced phase change produced by a cascaded chi((2)):chi((2)) process in KTP near the phase-matching angle on a picosecond 1.06-microm-wavelength beam using the Z-scan technique. This nonlinear refraction is observed to change sign as the crystal is rotated through the phase-match angle in accordance with theory. This theory predicts the maximum small-signal effective nonlinear refractive index of n(eff)(2) congruent with +/-2 x 10(-14) cm(2)/W (+/-1 x 10(-11) esu) for an angle detuning of +/-5 degrees from phase match for this 1-mm-thick crystal with a measured d(eff) of 3.1 pm/V. For a fixed phase mismatch, this n(eff)(2) scales linearly with length and as d(eff)(2) however, for the maximum n(eff)(2) the nonlinear phase distortion becomes sublinear with irradiance for phase shifts near pi/4.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-09-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 0146-9592
    ISSN 0146-9592
    DOI 10.1364/ol.17.000028
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data.

    Abbott, B P / Abbott, R / Adhikari, R / Ajith, P / Allen, B / Allen, G / Amin, R S / Anderson, S B / Anderson, W G / Arain, M A / Araya, M / Armandula, H / Armor, P / Aso, Y / Aston, S / Aufmuth, P / Aulbert, C / Babak, S / Baker, P /
    Ballmer, S / Bantilan, H / Barish, B C / Barker, C / Barker, D / Barr, B / Barriga, P / Barsotti, L / Barton, M A / Bartos, I / Bassiri, R / Bastarrika, M / Behnke, B / Benacquista, M / Betzwieser, J / Beyersdorf, P T / Bilenko, I A / Billingsley, G / Biswas, R / Black, E / Blackburn, J K / Blackburn, L / Blair, D / Bland, B / Bodiya, T P / Bogue, L / Bork, R / Boschi, V / Bose, S / Brady, P R / Braginsky, V B / Brau, J E / Brinkmann, M / Brooks, A F / Brown, D A / Brunet, G / Bullington, A / Buonanno, A / Burmeister, O / Byer, R L / Cadonati, L / Cagnoli, G / Camp, J B / Cannizzo, J / Cannon, K C / Cao, J / Cardenas, L / Cardoso, V / Caride, S / Casebolt, T / Castaldi, G / Caudill, S / Cavaglià, M / Cepeda, C / Chalkley, E / Charlton, P / Chatterji, S / Chelkowski, S / Chen, Y / Christensen, N / Clark, D / Clark, J / Clayton, J H / Cokelaer, T / Conte, R / Cook, D / Corbitt, T R C / Cornish, N / Coyne, D C / Creighton, J D E / Creighton, T D / Cruise, A M / Cumming, A / Cunningham, L / Cutler, R M / Danzmann, K / Daudert, B / Davies, G / Debra, D / Degallaix, J / Dergachev, V / Desai, S / Desalvo, R / Dhurandhar, S / Díaz, M / Dickson, J / Dietz, A / Donovan, F / Dooley, K L / Doomes, E E / Drever, R W P / Duke, I / Dumas, J-C / Dwyer, J / Echols, C / Edgar, M / Effler, A / Ehrens, P / Ely, G / Espinoza, E / Etzel, T / Evans, M / Evans, T / Fairhurst, S / Faltas, Y / Fan, Y / Fazi, D / Fejer, M M / Finn, L S / Flasch, K / Foley, S / Forrest, C / Fotopoulos, N / Franzen, A / Frei, Z / Freise, A / Frey, R / Fricke, T T / Fritschel, P / Frolov, V V / Fyffe, M / Garofoli, J A / Gholami, I / Giaime, J A / Giampanis, S / Giardina, K D / Goda, K / Goetz, E / Goggin, L M / González, G / Gossler, S / Gouaty, R / Grant, A / Gras, S / Gray, C / Gray, M / Greenhalgh, R J S / Gretarsson, A M / Grimaldi, F / Grosso, R / Grote, H / Grunewald, S / Guenther, M / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hage, B / Hallam, J M / Hanna, C / Hanson, J / Harms, J / Harry, G M / Harstad, E D / Haughian, E / Hayama, K / Hayler, T / Heefner, J / Heng, I S / Heptonstall, A / Hewitson, M / Hild, S / Hirose, E / Hoak, D / Holt, K / Hosken, D / Hough, J / Huttner, S H / Ingram, D / Ito, M / Ivanov, A / Johnson, B / Johnson, W W / Jones, D I / Jones, G / Jones, R / Ju, L / Kalmus, P / Kalogera, V / Kamat, S / Kanner, J / Kasprzyk, D / Katsavounidis, E / Kawabe, K / Kawamura, S / Kawazoe, F / Kells, W / Keppel, D G / Khalaidovski, A / Khalili, F Ya / Khan, R / Khazanov, E / King, P / Kissel, J S / Klimenko, S / Kocsis, B / Kokeyama, K / Kondrashov, V / Kopparapu, R / Koranda, S / Kozak, D / Kozhevatov, I / Krishnan, B / Kwee, P / Landry, M / Lantz, B / Lazzarini, A / Lei, M / Leonor, I / Li, C / Lin, H / Lindquist, P E / Littenberg, T B / Lockerbie, N A / Lodhia, D / Lormand, M / Lu, P / Lubinski, M / Lucianetti, A / Lück, H / Machenschalk, B / Macinnis, M / Mageswaran, M / Mailand, K / Mandel, I / Mandic, V / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Markosyan, A / Markowitz, J / Maros, E / Martin, I W / Martin, R M / Marx, J N / Mason, K / Matichard, F / Matone, L / Matzner, R / Mavalvala, N / McCarthy, R / McClelland, D E / McGuire, S C / McHugh, M / McIntyre, G / McKechan, D / McKenzie, K / Mehmet, M / Melissinos, A / Mendell, G / Mercer, R A / Meshkov, S / Messenger, C J / Meyers, D / Miller, A / Miller, J / Minelli, J / Mitra, S / Mitrofanov, V P / Mitselmakher, G / Mittleman, R / Miyakawa, O / Moe, B / Mohanty, S D / Moreno, G / Mors, K / Mossavi, K / Mowlowry, C / Mueller, G / Muhammad, D / Mukherjee, S / Mukhopadhyay, H / Mullavey, A / Müller-Ebhardt, H / Munch, J / Murray, P G / Myers, E / Myers, J / Nash, T / Nelson, J / Newton, G / Nishizawa, A / Numata, K / Ochsner, E / O'Dell, J / Ogin, G / O'Reilly, B / O'Shaughnessy, R / Ottaway, D J / Ottens, R S / Overmier, H / Owen, B J / Pan, Y / Pankow, C / Papa, M A / Parameshwaraiah, V / Patel, P / Pedraza, M / Penn, S / Perraca, A / Petrie, T / Pinto, I M / Pitkin, M / Pletsch, H J / Plissi, M V / Postiglione, F / Principe, M / Prix, R / Quetschke, V / Raab, F J / Rabeling, D S / Radkins, H / Raffai, P / Rainer, N / Rakhmanov, M / Ramsunder, M / Reed, T / Rehbein, H / Reid, S / Reitze, D H / Riesen, R / Riles, K / Rivera, B / Robertson, N A / Robinson, C / Robinson, E L / Roddy, S / Rogan, A M / Rollins, J / Romano, J D / Romie, J H / Rowan, S / Rüdiger, A / Ruet, L / Russell, P / Ryan, K / Sakata, S / Sancho de la Jordana, L / Sandberg, V / Sannibale, V / Santamaria, L / Saraf, S / Sarin, P / Sathyaprakash, B S / Sato, S / Saulson, P R / Savage, R / Savov, P / Scanlan, M / Schediwy, S W / Schilling, R / Schnabel, R / Schofield, R / Schutz, B F / Schwinberg, P / Scott, J / Scott, S M / Searle, A C / Sears, B / Seifert, F / Sellers, D / Sengupta, A S / Sergeev, A / Shapiro, B / Shawhan, P / Shoemaker, D H / Sibley, A / Siemens, X / Sigg, D / Sinha, S / Sintes, A M / Slagmolen, B J J / Slutsky, J / Smith, J R / Smith, M R / Smith, N D / Somiya, K / Sorazu, B / Stein, L C / Strain, K A / Stuver, A / Summerscales, T Z / Sun, K-X / Sung, M / Sutton, P J / Takahashi, H / Tanner, D B / Taylor, R / Thacker, J / Thorne, K A / Thorne, K S / Thüring, A / Tokmakov, K V / Torres, C / Torrie, C / Traylor, G / Trias, M / Ugolini, D / Urbanek, K / Vahlbruch, H / Van Den Broeck, C / van der Sluys, M V / van Veggel, A A / Vass, S / Vaulin, R / Vecchio, A / Veitch, J D / Veitch, P / Villar, A / Vorvick, C / Vyachanin, S P / Waldman, S J / Wallace, L / Ward, H / Ward, R L / Weinert, M / Weinstein, A J / Weiss, R / Wen, L / Wen, S / Wette, K / Whelan, J T / Whitcomb, S E / Whiting, B F / Wilkinson, C / Willems, P A / Williams, H R / Williams, L / Willke, B / Wilmut, I / Winkler, W / Wipf, C C / Wiseman, A G / Woan, G / Wooley, R / Worden, J / Wu, W / Yakushin, I / Yamamoto, H / Yan, Z / Yoshida, S / Zanolin, M / Zhang, J / Zhang, L / Zhao, C / Zotov, N / Zucker, M E / Zur Mühlen, H / Zweizig, J

    Physical review letters

    2009  Volume 102, Issue 11, Page(s) 111102

    Abstract: We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO ... ...

    Abstract We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-03-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.111102
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Search for gravitational-wave bursts from soft gamma repeaters.

    Abbott, B / Abbott, R / Adhikari, R / Ajith, P / Allen, B / Allen, G / Amin, R / Anderson, S B / Anderson, W G / Arain, M A / Araya, M / Armandula, H / Armor, P / Aso, Y / Aston, S / Aufmuth, P / Aulbert, C / Babak, S / Ballmer, S /
    Bantilan, H / Barish, B C / Barker, C / Barker, D / Barr, B / Barriga, P / Barton, M A / Bartos, I / Bastarrika, M / Bayer, K / Betzwieser, J / Beyersdorf, P T / Bilenko, I A / Billingsley, G / Biswas, R / Black, E / Blackburn, K / Blackburn, L / Blair, D / Bland, B / Bodiya, T P / Bogue, L / Bork, R / Boschi, V / Bose, S / Brady, P R / Braginsky, V B / Brau, J E / Brinkmann, M / Brooks, A / Brown, D A / Brunet, G / Bullington, A / Buonanno, A / Burmeister, O / Byer, R L / Cadonati, L / Cagnoli, G / Camp, J B / Cannizzo, J / Cannon, K / Cao, J / Cardenas, L / Casebolt, T / Castaldi, G / Cepeda, C / Chalkley, E / Charlton, P / Chatterji, S / Chelkowski, S / Chen, Y / Christensen, N / Clark, D / Clark, J / Cokelaer, T / Conte, R / Cook, D / Corbitt, T / Coyne, D / Creighton, J D E / Cumming, A / Cunningham, L / Cutler, R M / Dalrymple, J / Danzmann, K / Davies, G / Debra, D / Degallaix, J / Degree, M / Dergachev, V / Desai, S / Desalvo, R / Dhurandhar, S / Díaz, M / Dickson, J / Dietz, A / Donovan, F / Dooley, K L / Doomes, E E / Drever, R W P / Duke, I / Dumas, J-C / Dupuis, R J / Dwyer, J G / Echols, C / Effler, A / Ehrens, P / Espinoza, E / Etzel, T / Evans, T / Fairhurst, S / Fan, Y / Fazi, D / Fehrmann, H / Fejer, M M / Finn, L S / Flasch, K / Fotopoulos, N / Freise, A / Frey, R / Fricke, T / Fritschel, P / Frolov, V V / Fyffe, M / Garofoli, J / Gholami, I / Giaime, J A / Giampanis, S / Giardina, K D / Goda, K / Goetz, E / Goggin, L / González, G / Gossler, S / Gouaty, R / Grant, A / Gras, S / Gray, C / Gray, M / Greenhalgh, R J S / Gretarsson, A M / Grimaldi, F / Grosso, R / Grote, H / Grunewald, S / Guenther, M / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hage, B / Hallam, J M / Hammer, D / Hanna, C / Hanson, J / Harms, J / Harry, G / Harstad, E / Hayama, K / Hayler, T / Heefner, J / Heng, I S / Hennessy, M / Heptonstall, A / Hewitson, M / Hild, S / Hirose, E / Hoak, D / Hosken, D / Hough, J / Huttner, S H / Ingram, D / Ito, M / Ivanov, A / Johnson, B / Johnson, W W / Jones, D I / Jones, G / Jones, R / Ju, L / Kalmus, P / Kalogera, V / Kamat, S / Kanner, J / Kasprzyk, D / Katsavounidis, E / Kawabe, K / Kawamura, S / Kawazoe, F / Kells, W / Keppel, D G / Khalili, F Ya / Khan, R / Khazanov, E / Kim, C / King, P / Kissel, J S / Klimenko, S / Kokeyama, K / Kondrashov, V / Kopparapu, R K / Kozak, D / Kozhevatov, I / Krishnan, B / Kwee, P / Lam, P K / Landry, M / Lang, M M / Lantz, B / Lazzarini, A / Lei, M / Leindecker, N / Leonhardt, V / Leonor, I / Libbrecht, K / Lin, H / Lindquist, P / Lockerbie, N A / Lodhia, D / Lormand, M / Lu, P / Lubinski, M / Lucianetti, A / Lück, H / Machenschalk, B / Macinnis, M / Mageswaran, M / Mailand, K / Mandic, V / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Markosyan, A / Markowitz, J / Maros, E / Martin, I / Martin, R M / Marx, J N / Mason, K / Matichard, F / Matone, L / Matzner, R / Mavalvala, N / McCarthy, R / McClelland, D E / McGuire, S C / McHugh, M / McIntyre, G / McIvor, G / McKechan, D / McKenzie, K / Meier, T / Melissinos, A / Mendell, G / Mercer, R A / Meshkov, S / Messenger, C J / Meyers, D / Miller, J / Minelli, J / Mitra, S / Mitrofanov, V P / Mitselmakher, G / Mittleman, R / Miyakawa, O / Moe, B / Mohanty, S / Moreno, G / Mossavi, K / Mowlowry, C / Mueller, G / Mukherjee, S / Mukhopadhyay, H / Müller-Ebhardt, H / Munch, J / Murray, P / Myers, E / Myers, J / Nash, T / Nelson, J / Newton, G / Nishizawa, A / Numata, K / O'Dell, J / Ogin, G / O'Reilly, B / O'Shaughnessy, R / Ottaway, D J / Ottens, R S / Overmier, H / Owen, B J / Pan, Y / Pankow, C / Papa, M A / Parameshwaraiah, V / Patel, P / Pedraza, M / Penn, S / Perreca, A / Petrie, T / Pinto, I M / Pitkin, M / Pletsch, H J / Plissi, M V / Postiglione, F / Principe, M / Prix, R / Quetschke, V / Raab, F / Rabeling, D S / Radkins, H / Rainer, N / Rakhmanov, M / Ramsunder, M / Rehbein, H / Reid, S / Reitze, D H / Riesen, R / Riles, K / Rivera, B / Robertson, N A / Robinson, C / Robinson, E L / Roddy, S / Rodriguez, A / Rogan, A M / Rollins, J / Romano, J D / Romie, J / Route, R / Rowan, S / Rüdiger, A / Ruet, L / Russell, P / Ryan, K / Sakata, S / Samidi, M / de la Jordana, L Sancho / Sandberg, V / Sannibale, V / Saraf, S / Sarin, P / Sathyaprakash, B S / Sato, S / Saulson, P R / Savage, R / Savov, P / Schediwy, S W / Schilling, R / Schnabel, R / Schofield, R / Schutz, B F / Schwinberg, P / Scott, S M / Searle, A C / Sears, B / Seifert, F / Sellers, D / Sengupta, A S / Shawhan, P / Shoemaker, D H / Sibley, A / Siemens, X / Sigg, D / Sinha, S / Sintes, A M / Slagmolen, B J J / Slutsky, J / Smith, J R / Smith, M R / Smith, N D / Somiya, K / Sorazu, B / Stein, L C / Stochino, A / Stone, R / Strain, K A / Strom, D M / Stuver, A / Summerscales, T Z / Sun, K-X / Sung, M / Sutton, P J / Takahashi, H / Tanner, D B / Taylor, R / Thacker, J / Thorne, K A / Thorne, K S / Thüring, A / Tokmakov, K V / Torres, C / Torrie, C / Traylor, G / Trias, M / Tyler, W / Ugolini, D / Ulmen, J / Urbanek, K / Vahlbruch, H / Van Den Broeck, C / van der Sluys, M / Vass, S / Vaulin, R / Vecchio, A / Veitch, J / Veitch, P / Villar, A / Vorvick, C / Vyachanin, S P / Waldman, S J / Wallace, L / Ward, H / Ward, R / Weinert, M / Weinstein, A / Weiss, R / Wen, S / Wette, K / Whelan, J T / Whitcomb, S E / Whiting, B F / Wilkinson, C / Willems, P A / Williams, H R / Williams, L / Willke, B / Wilmut, I / Winkler, W / Wipf, C C / Wiseman, A G / Woan, G / Wooley, R / Worden, J / Wu, W / Yakushin, I / Yamamoto, H / Yan, Z / Yoshida, S / Zanolin, M / Zhang, J / Zhang, L / Zhao, C / Zotov, N / Zucker, M / Zweizig, J / Barthelmy, S / Gehrels, N / Hurley, K C / Palmer, D

    Physical review letters

    2008  Volume 101, Issue 21, Page(s) 211102

    Abstract: We present a LIGO search for short-duration gravitational waves (GWs) associated with soft gamma ray repeater (SGR) bursts. This is the first search sensitive to neutron star f modes, usually considered the most efficient GW emitting modes. We find no ... ...

    Abstract We present a LIGO search for short-duration gravitational waves (GWs) associated with soft gamma ray repeater (SGR) bursts. This is the first search sensitive to neutron star f modes, usually considered the most efficient GW emitting modes. We find no evidence of GWs associated with any SGR burst in a sample consisting of the 27 Dec. 2004 giant flare from SGR 1806-20 and 190 lesser events from SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14. The unprecedented sensitivity of the detectors allows us to set the most stringent limits on transient GW amplitudes published to date. We find upper limit estimates on the model-dependent isotropic GW emission energies (at a nominal distance of 10 kpc) between 3x10;{45} and 9x10;{52} erg depending on waveform type, detector antenna factors and noise characteristics at the time of the burst. These upper limits are within the theoretically predicted range of some SGR models.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-11-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.211102
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: An upper limit on the stochastic gravitational-wave background of cosmological origin.

    Abbott, B P / Abbott, R / Acernese, F / Adhikari, R / Ajith, P / Allen, B / Allen, G / Alshourbagy, M / Amin, R S / Anderson, S B / Anderson, W G / Antonucci, F / Aoudia, S / Arain, M A / Araya, M / Armandula, H / Armor, P / Arun, K G / Aso, Y /
    Aston, S / Astone, P / Aufmuth, P / Aulbert, C / Babak, S / Baker, P / Ballardin, G / Ballmer, S / Barker, C / Barker, D / Barone, F / Barr, B / Barriga, P / Barsotti, L / Barsuglia, M / Barton, M A / Bartos, I / Bassiri, R / Bastarrika, M / Bauer, Th S / Behnke, B / Beker, M / Benacquista, M / Betzwieser, J / Beyersdorf, P T / Bigotta, S / Bilenko, I A / Billingsley, G / Birindelli, S / Biswas, R / Bizouard, M A / Black, E / Blackburn, J K / Blackburn, L / Blair, D / Bland, B / Boccara, C / Bodiya, T P / Bogue, L / Bondu, F / Bonelli, L / Bork, R / Boschi, V / Bose, S / Bosi, L / Braccini, S / Bradaschia, C / Brady, P R / Braginsky, V B / Brand, J F J van den / Brau, J E / Bridges, D O / Brillet, A / Brinkmann, M / Brisson, V / Van Den Broeck, C / Brooks, A F / Brown, D A / Brummit, A / Brunet, G / Bullington, A / Bulten, H J / Buonanno, A / Burmeister, O / Buskulic, D / Byer, R L / Cadonati, L / Cagnoli, G / Calloni, E / Camp, J B / Campagna, E / Cannizzo, J / Cannon, K C / 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K L / Doomes, E E / Drago, M / Drever, R W P / Dueck, J / Duke, I / Dumas, J-C / Dwyer, J G / Echols, C / Edgar, M / Effler, A / Ehrens, P / Ely, G / Espinoza, E / Etzel, T / Evans, M / Evans, T / Fafone, V / Fairhurst, S / Faltas, Y / Fan, Y / Fazi, D / Fehrmann, H / Ferrante, I / Fidecaro, F / Finn, L S / Fiori, I / Flaminio, R / Flasch, K / Foley, S / Forrest, C / Fotopoulos, N / Fournier, J-D / Franc, J / Franzen, A / Frasca, S / Frasconi, F / Frede, M / Frei, M / Frei, Z / Freise, A / Frey, R / Fricke, T / Fritschel, P / Frolov, V V / Fyffe, M / Galdi, V / Gammaitoni, L / Garofoli, J A / Garufi, F / Genin, E / Gennai, A / Gholami, I / Giaime, J A / Giampanis, S / Giardina, K D / Giazotto, A / Goda, K / Goetz, E / Goggin, L M / González, G / Gorodetsky, M L / Gobler, S / Gouaty, R / Granata, M / Granata, V / Grant, A / Gras, S / Gray, C / Gray, M / Greenhalgh, R J S / Gretarsson, A M / Greverie, C / Grimaldi, F / Grosso, R / Grote, H / Grunewald, S / Guenther, M / Guidi, G / Gustafson, E K / Gustafson, R / Hage, B / Hallam, J M / Hammer, D / Hammond, G D / Hanna, C / Hanson, J / Harms, J / Harry, G M / Harry, I W / Harstad, E D / Haughian, K / Hayama, K / Heefner, J / Heitmann, H / Hello, P / Heng, I S / Heptonstall, A / Hewitson, M / Hild, S / Hirose, E / Hoak, D / Hodge, K A / Holt, K / Hosken, D J / Hough, J / Hoyland, D / Huet, D / Hughey, B / Huttner, S H / Ingram, D R / Isogai, T / Ito, M / Ivanov, A / Johnson, B / Johnson, W W / Jones, D I / Jones, G / Jones, R / Sancho de la Jordana, L / Ju, L / Kalmus, P / Kalogera, V / Kandhasamy, S / Kanner, J / Kasprzyk, D / Katsavounidis, E / Kawabe, K / Kawamura, S / Kawazoe, F / Kells, W / Keppel, D G / Khalaidovski, A / Khalili, F Y / Khan, R / Khazanov, E / King, P / Kissel, J S / Klimenko, S / Kokeyama, K / Kondrashov, V / Kopparapu, R / Koranda, S / Kozak, D / Krishnan, B / Kumar, R / Kwee, P / La Penna, P / Lam, P K / Landry, M / Lantz, B / Laval, M / Lazzarini, A / Lei, H / Lei, M / Leindecker, N / Leonor, I / Leroy, N / Letendre, N / Li, C / Lin, H / Lindquist, P E / Littenberg, T B / Lockerbie, N A / Lodhia, D / Longo, M / Lorenzini, M / Loriette, V / Lormand, M / Losurdo, G / Lu, P / Lubinski, M / Lucianetti, A / Lück, H / Machenschalk, B / Macinnis, M / Mackowski, J-M / Mageswaran, M / Mailand, K / Majorana, E / Man, N / Mandel, I / Mandic, V / Mantovani, M / Marchesoni, F / Marion, F / Márka, S / Márka, Z / Markosyan, A / Markowitz, J / Maros, E / Marque, J / Martelli, F / Martin, I W / Martin, R M / Marx, J N / Mason, K / Masserot, A / Matichard, F / Matone, L / Matzner, R A / Mavalvala, N / McCarthy, R / McClelland, D E / McGuire, S C / McHugh, M / McIntyre, G / McKechan, D J A / McKenzie, K / Mehmet, M / Melatos, A / Melissinos, A C / Mendell, G / Menéndez, D F / Menzinger, F / Mercer, R A / Meshkov, S / Messenger, C / Meyer, M S / Michel, C / Milano, L / Miller, J / Minelli, J / Minenkov, Y / Mino, Y / Mitrofanov, V P / Mitselmakher, G / Mittleman, R / Miyakawa, O / Moe, B / Mohan, M / Mohanty, S D / Mohapatra, S R P / Moreau, J / Moreno, G / Morgado, N / Morgia, A / Morioka, T / Mors, K / Mosca, S / Mossavi, K / Mours, B / Mowlowry, C / Mueller, G / Muhammad, D / Mühlen, H Zur / Mukherjee, S / Mukhopadhyay, H / Mullavey, A / Müller-Ebhardt, H / Munch, J / Murray, P G / Myers, E / Myers, J / Nash, T / Nelson, J / Neri, I / Newton, G / Nishizawa, A / Nocera, F / Numata, K / Ochsner, E / O'Dell, J / Ogin, G H / O'Reilly, B / O'Shaughnessy, R / Ottaway, D J / Ottens, R S / Overmier, H / Owen, B J / Pagliaroli, G / Palomba, C / Pan, Y / Pankow, C / Paoletti, F / Papa, M A / Parameshwaraiah, V / Pardi, S / Pasqualetti, A / Passaquieti, R / Passuello, D / Patel, P / Pedraza, M / Penn, S / Perreca, A / Persichetti, G / Pichot, M / Piergiovanni, F / Pierro, V / Pinard, L / Pinto, I M / Pitkin, M / Pletsch, H J / Plissi, M V / Poggiani, R / Postiglione, F / Principe, M / Prix, R / Prodi, G A / Prokhorov, L / Punken, O / Punturo, M / Puppo, P / Putten, S van der / Quetschke, V / Raab, F J / Rabaste, O / Rabeling, D S / Radkins, H / Raffai, P / Raics, Z / Rainer, N / Rakhmanov, M / Rapagnani, P / Raymond, V / Re, V / Reed, C M / Reed, T / Regimbau, T / Rehbein, H / Reid, S / Reitze, D H / Ricci, F / Riesen, R / Riles, K / Rivera, B / Roberts, P / Robertson, N A / Robinet, F / Robinson, C / Robinson, E L / Rocchi, A / Roddy, S / Rolland, L / Rollins, J / Romano, J D / Romano, R / Romie, J H / Röver, C / Rowan, S / Rüdiger, A / Ruggi, P / Russell, P / Ryan, K / Sakata, S / Salemi, F / Sandberg, V / Sannibale, V / Santamaría, L / Saraf, S / Sarin, P / Sassolas, B / Sathyaprakash, B S / Sato, S / Satterthwaite, M / Saulson, P R / Savage, R / Savov, P / Scanlan, M / Schilling, R / Schnabel, R / Schofield, R / Schulz, B / Schutz, B F / Schwinberg, P / Scott, J / Scott, S M / Searle, A C / Sears, B / Seifert, F / Sellers, D / Sengupta, A S / Sentenac, D / Sergeev, A / Shapiro, B / Shawhan, P / Shoemaker, D H / Sibley, A / Siemens, X / Sigg, D / Sinha, S / Sintes, A M / Slagmolen, B J J / Slutsky, J / van der Sluys, M V / Smith, J R / Smith, M R / Smith, N D / Somiya, K / Sorazu, B / Stein, A / Stein, L C / Steplewski, S / Stochino, A / Stone, R / Strain, K A / Strigin, S / Stroeer, A / Sturani, R / Stuver, A L / Summerscales, T Z / Sun, K-X / Sung, M / Sutton, P J / Swinkels, B L / Szokoly, G P / Talukder, D / Tang, L / Tanner, D B / Tarabrin, S P / Taylor, J R / Taylor, R / Terenzi, R / Thacker, J / Thorne, K A / Thorne, K S / Thüring, A / Tokmakov, K V / Toncelli, A / Tonelli, M / Torres, C / Torrie, C / Tournefier, E / Travasso, F / Traylor, G / Trias, M / Trummer, J / Ugolini, D / Ulmen, J / Urbanek, K / Vahlbruch, H / Vajente, G / Vallisneri, M / Vass, S / Vaulin, R / Vavoulidis, M / Vecchio, A / Vedovato, G / van Veggel, A A / Veitch, J / Veitch, P / Veltkamp, C / Verkindt, D / Vetrano, F / Viceré, A / Villar, A / Vinet, J-Y / Vocca, H / Vorvick, C / Vyachanin, S P / Waldman, S J / Wallace, L / Ward, H / Ward, R L / Was, M / Weidner, A / Weinert, M / Weinstein, A J / Weiss, R / Wen, L / Wen, S / Wette, K / Whelan, J T / Whitcomb, S E / Whiting, B F / Wilkinson, C / Willems, P A / Williams, H R / Williams, L / Willke, B / Wilmut, I / Winkelmann, L / Winkler, W / Wipf, C C / Wiseman, A G / Woan, G / Wooley, R / Worden, J / Wu, W / Yakushin, I / Yamamoto, H / Yan, Z / Yoshida, S / Yvert, M / Zanolin, M / Zhang, J / Zhang, L / Zhao, C / Zotov, N / Zucker, M E / Zweizig, J

    Nature

    2009  Volume 460, Issue 7258, Page(s) 990–994

    Abstract: A stochastic background of gravitational waves is expected to arise from a superposition of a large number of unresolved gravitational-wave sources of astrophysical and cosmological origin. It should carry unique signatures from the earliest epochs in ... ...

    Abstract A stochastic background of gravitational waves is expected to arise from a superposition of a large number of unresolved gravitational-wave sources of astrophysical and cosmological origin. It should carry unique signatures from the earliest epochs in the evolution of the Universe, inaccessible to standard astrophysical observations. Direct measurements of the amplitude of this background are therefore of fundamental importance for understanding the evolution of the Universe when it was younger than one minute. Here we report limits on the amplitude of the stochastic gravitational-wave background using the data from a two-year science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). Our result constrains the energy density of the stochastic gravitational-wave background normalized by the critical energy density of the Universe, in the frequency band around 100 Hz, to be <6.9 x 10(-6) at 95% confidence. The data rule out models of early Universe evolution with relatively large equation-of-state parameter, as well as cosmic (super)string models with relatively small string tension that are favoured in some string theory models. This search for the stochastic background improves on the indirect limits from Big Bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background at 100 Hz.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-08-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 120714-3
    ISSN 1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
    ISSN (online) 1476-4687
    ISSN 0028-0836
    DOI 10.1038/nature08278
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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