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Article ; Online: In vitro metabolism of thyroxine by rat and human hepatocytes.

Richardson, Vicki M / Ferguson, Stephen S / Sey, Yusupha M / Devito, Michael J

Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems

2014 Volume 44, Issue 5, Page(s) 391–403

Abstract: 1. The liver metabolizes thyroxine (T(4)) through two major pathways: deiodination and conjugation. Following exposure to xenobiotics, T(4) conjugation increases through the induction of hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) in ... ...

Abstract	1. The liver metabolizes thyroxine (T(4)) through two major pathways: deiodination and conjugation. Following exposure to xenobiotics, T(4) conjugation increases through the induction of hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) in rodents; however, it is uncertain to what degree different species employ deiodination and conjugation in the metabolism of T(4). The objective of this study was to compare the metabolism of T4 in untreated and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153)-treated primary sandwich-cultured hepatocytes from rat (SCRH) and human (SCHH). 2. Basal metabolite concentrations were 13 times higher in the medium of SCRH compared to SCHH. Metabolite distribution in the medium of SCRH versus SCHH was as follows: T(4)G, (91.6 versus 5.3%); T4S, (3.6 versus 4.4%) and T(3) + rT(3), (4.9 versus 90.3%). PCB 153 induced T(4)G in the medium of SCRH and SCHH; however, T(4)S and T(3) + rT(3) were changed but to a much lesser degree. 3. The results indicate that baseline T(4) glucuronidation is greater in SCRH compared to SCHH. These data also suggest that glucuronidation may be a more important pathway for T(4) metabolism in rats and deiodination may be a favored pathway in humans; however, with PCB 153 treatment these data support glucuronidation as a primary route of T(4) metabolism in both rat and humans.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Hepatocytes/drug effects ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Humans ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; Male ; Microsomes, Liver/drug effects ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Species Specificity ; Thyroxine/administration & dosage ; Thyroxine/metabolism ; Thyroxine/pharmacokinetics ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Polychlorinated Biphenyls (DFC2HB4I0K) ; Thyroxine (Q51BO43MG4) ; 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (ZRU0C9E32O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120287-x
ISSN	1366-5928 ; 0049-8254
ISSN (online)	1366-5928
ISSN	0049-8254
DOI	10.3109/00498254.2013.847990
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Article ; Online: Developmental triclosan exposure decreases maternal and neonatal thyroxine in rats.

Paul, Katie B / Hedge, Joan M / Devito, Michael J / Crofton, Kevin M

Environmental toxicology and chemistry

2010 Volume 29, Issue 12, Page(s) 2840–2844

Abstract: Disruption of maternal thyroid hormones during fetal developmental may result in irreversible neurological consequences in offspring. The present study tested the hypothesis that perinatal triclosan exposure of dams decreases thyroxine in dams and ... ...

Abstract	Disruption of maternal thyroid hormones during fetal developmental may result in irreversible neurological consequences in offspring. The present study tested the hypothesis that perinatal triclosan exposure of dams decreases thyroxine in dams and offspring prior to weaning. Pregnant Long-Evans rats received triclosan by oral gavage (0-300 mg/kg/d) in corn oil from gestational day (GD)6 through postnatal day (PND)21. Serum was obtained from pups on PND4, 14, and 21, and from dams on PND22. Serum thyroxine (T4) was reduced 31% in dams on PND22. In pups, a unique pattern of hypothyroxinemia was observed; serum T4 decreased 27% in PND4 pups with no significant reduction observed on PND14 or PND21. Comparable reductions of approximately 30% in serum T4 at 300 mg/kg/d for dams and PND4 neonates and a lack of effect at PND14 and PND21 suggest that toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic factors may have contributed to a reduced exposure or a reduced toxicological response during the lactation period.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Thyroxine/blood ; Triclosan/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Triclosan (4NM5039Y5X) ; Thyroxine (Q51BO43MG4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	46234-2
ISSN	1552-8618 ; 0730-7268
ISSN (online)	1552-8618
ISSN	0730-7268
DOI	10.1002/etc.339
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Article ; Online: Human and animal evidence of potential transgenerational inheritance of health effects: An evidence map and state-of-the-science evaluation.

Walker, Vickie R / Boyles, Abee L / Pelch, Katherine E / Holmgren, Stephanie D / Shapiro, Andrew J / Blystone, Chad R / Devito, Michael J / Newbold, Retha R / Blain, Robyn / Hartman, Pamela / Thayer, Kristina A / Rooney, Andrew A

Environment international

2018 Volume 115, Page(s) 48–69

Abstract: Background: An increasing number of reports suggest early life exposures result in adverse effects in offspring who were never directly exposed; this phenomenon is termed "transgenerational inheritance." Given concern for public health implications for ... ...

Abstract	Background: An increasing number of reports suggest early life exposures result in adverse effects in offspring who were never directly exposed; this phenomenon is termed "transgenerational inheritance." Given concern for public health implications for potential effects of exposures transmitted to subsequent generations, it is critical to determine how widespread and robust this phenomenon is and to identify the range of exposures and possible outcomes. Objectives: This scoping report examines the evidence for transgenerational inheritance associated with exposure to a wide range of stressors in humans and animals to identify areas of consistency, uncertainty, data gaps, and to evaluate general risk of bias issues for the transgenerational study design. Methods: A protocol was developed to collect and categorize the literature into a systematic evidence map for transgenerational inheritance by health effects, exposures, and evidence streams following the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) approach for conducting literature-based health assessments. Results: A PubMed search yielded 63,758 unique records from which 257 relevant studies were identified and categorized into a systematic evidence map by evidence streams (46 human and 211 animal), broad health effect categories, and exposures. Data extracted from the individual studies are available in the Health Assessment Workspace Collaborative (HAWC) program. There are relatively few bodies of evidence where multiple studies evaluated the same exposure and the same or similar outcomes. Studies evaluated for risk of bias generally had multiple issues in design or conduct. Conclusions: The evidence mapping illustrated that risk of bias, few studies, and heterogeneity in exposures and endpoints examined present serious limitations to available bodies of evidence for assessing transgenerational effects. Targeted research is suggested to addressed inconsistencies and risk of bias issues identified, and thereby establish more robust bodies of evidence to critically assess transgenerational effects - particularly by adding data on exposure-outcome pairs where there is some evidence (i.e., reproductive, metabolic, and neurological effects).
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomedical Research/methods ; Biomedical Research/standards ; Databases, Factual ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maternal Exposure ; Paternal Exposure ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-14
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.032
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Article ; Online: Mutational analysis of pentabrominated diphenyl-induced hepatocellular tumors in rats and mice, tissue levels of PBDE congeners in rats and mice, and AhR genotyping of Wistar Han rats.

Dunnick, June K / Pandiri, Arun R / Merrick, B A / Kissling, Grace E / Cunny, Helen / Mutlu, Esra / Waidyanatha, Suramya / Sills, Robert C / Hong, Hue-Hua L / Ton, Thai-Vu / Maynor, Timonthy / Rescio, Leslie / Phillips, Siuzanne L / Devito, Michael J / Brix, Amy

Data in brief

2018 Volume 21, Page(s) 2125–2128

Abstract: This article describes data related to the research article entitled "Carcinogenic activity of pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture (DE-71) in rats and mice" (Dunnick et al., 2018). PBDE-induced hepatocellular tumors ... ...

Abstract	This article describes data related to the research article entitled "Carcinogenic activity of pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture (DE-71) in rats and mice" (Dunnick et al., 2018). PBDE-induced hepatocellular tumors harbored
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2786545-9
ISSN	2352-3409 ; 2352-3409
ISSN (online)	2352-3409
ISSN	2352-3409
DOI	10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.104
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Article: Short-term in vivo exposure to the water contaminant triclosan: Evidence for disruption of thyroxine.

Crofton, Kevin M / Paul, Katie B / Devito, Michael J / Hedge, Joan M

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

2007 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 194–197

Abstract: Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is a chlorinated phenolic antibacterial compound found as an active ingredient in many personal care and household products. The structural similarity of triclosan to thyroid hormones and recent studies ... ...

Abstract	Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is a chlorinated phenolic antibacterial compound found as an active ingredient in many personal care and household products. The structural similarity of triclosan to thyroid hormones and recent studies demonstrating activation of the human pregnane X receptor (PXR) and inhibition of diiodothyronine (T(2)) sulfotransferases, have raised concerns about adverse effects on thyroid homeostasis. The current research tested the hypothesis that triclosan alters circulating concentrations of thyroxine. The hypothesis was tested using a 4-day oral triclosan exposure (0-1000mg/kg/day) in weanling female Long-Evans rats, followed by measurement of circulating levels of serum total thyroxine (T(4)). Dose-dependent decreases in total T(4) were observed. The benchmark dose (BMD) and lower bound on the BMD (BMDL) for the effects on T(4) were 69.7 and 35.6mg/kg/day, respectively. These data demonstrate that triclosan disrupts thyroid hormone homeostasis in rats.
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1318302-3
ISSN	1382-6689
ISSN	1382-6689
DOI	10.1016/j.etap.2007.04.008
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Zs.A 4490: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Employing a Mechanistic Model for the MAPK Pathway to Examine the Impact of Cellular all or None Behavior on Overall Tissue Response.

Luke, Nicholas S / Devito, Michael J / Portier, Christopher J / El-Masri, Hisham A

Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society

2010 Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) 347–367

Abstract: The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a three-tiered phosphorylation cascade that is ubiquitously expressed among eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to propagate signals from cell surface receptors to various cytosolic and nuclear ...

Abstract	The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a three-tiered phosphorylation cascade that is ubiquitously expressed among eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to propagate signals from cell surface receptors to various cytosolic and nuclear targets. Recent studies have demonstrated that the MAPK cascade exhibits an all-or-none response to graded stimuli. This study quantitatively investigates MAPK activation in Xenopus oocytes using both empirical and biologically-based mechanistic models. Empirical models can represent overall tissue MAPK activation in the oocytes. However, these models lack description of key biological processes and therefore give no insight into whether the cellular response occurs in a graded or all-or-none fashion. To examine the propagation of cellular MAPK all-or-none activation to overall tissue response, mechanistic models in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations are employed. An adequate description of the dose response relationship of MAPK activation in Xenopus oocytes is achieved. Furthermore, application of these mechanistic models revealed that the initial receptor-ligand binding rate contributes to the cells' ability to exhibit an all-or-none MAPK activation response, while downstream activation parameters contribute more to the magnitude of activation. These mechanistic models enable us to identify key biological events which quantitatively impact the shape of the dose response curve, especially at low environmentally relevant doses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-01-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2440820-7
ISSN	1559-3258 ; 1559-3258
ISSN (online)	1559-3258
ISSN	1559-3258
DOI	10.2203/dose-response.09-017.Luke
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Article: Lack of antiandrogenic effects in adult male rats following acute exposure to 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE).

Leavens, Teresa L / Sparrow, Barney R / Devito, Michael J

Toxicology

2002 Volume 174, Issue 2, Page(s) 69–78

Abstract: Although the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was banned in the US in 1972, DDT and its major metabolite 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE) are still persistent in the environment. DDE at high doses is antiandrogenic in ... ...

Abstract	Although the insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was banned in the US in 1972, DDT and its major metabolite 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE) are still persistent in the environment. DDE at high doses is antiandrogenic in fetal and adult rats and, therefore, is of concern in humans exposed environmentally. The objective of this work was to determine the dose-response relationship between DDE and its antiandrogenic effect in adult, male rats and to quantitate the concentration of DDE in tissues following oral exposures. Adult, male, Long-Evans rats (11-13 weeks) were castrated, implanted with testosterone capsules, and dosed by oral gavage with 0, 5, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 mg DDE per kg body weight (BW) per day in corn oil for 4 days. On day 5 the rats were euthanized and liver, adrenals, ventral prostate, and seminal vesicles were weighed as a measure of response to DDE exposure. Blood, adrenals, brain, fat, kidney, lung, liver, muscle, ventral prostate, seminal vesicles, and skin were analyzed for DDE concentrations. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were measured in serum. There was a decrease in prostate weight that was not dose dependent; only the prostate weights in rats treated with 12.5 mg DDE per kg BW per day were reduced significantly compared to controls. The liver displayed a dose-dependent increase in weight that was significantly greater than control at DDE doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg BW per day. Blood concentrations of DDE ranged from 0.32 to 11.3 ppm, while tissue concentrations ranged from 0.72 to 2620 ppm with the highest concentration in fat. Although DDE concentrations in the androgen-responsive tissues were higher than concentrations previously shown in vitro to inhibit androgen-receptor transcriptional activity, these concentrations did not appear to be antiandrogenic in vivo. The doses administered to the rats in this study are at least 10(5)-fold greater than the daily, average of human dietary intake of DDE.
MeSH term(s)	Androgen Antagonists/pharmacokinetics ; Androgen Antagonists/toxicity ; Animals ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/pharmacokinetics ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity ; Dihydrotestosterone/blood ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Injections, Intravenous ; Insecticides/toxicity ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver/pathology ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Prostate/drug effects ; Prostate/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Seminal Vesicles/anatomy & histology ; Seminal Vesicles/drug effects ; Testosterone/blood ; Tissue Distribution
Chemical Substances	Androgen Antagonists ; Insecticides ; Dihydrotestosterone (08J2K08A3Y) ; Testosterone (3XMK78S47O) ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene (4M7FS82U08)
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-05-24
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	184557-3
ISSN	1879-3185 ; 0300-483X
ISSN (online)	1879-3185
ISSN	0300-483X
DOI	10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00072-0
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Article: Mutational analysis of pentabrominated diphenyl-induced hepatocellular tumors in rats and mice, tissue levels of PBDE congeners in rats and mice, and AhR genotyping of Wistar Han rats

Dunnick, June K. / Pandiri, Arun R. / Merrick, B.A. / Kissling, Grace E. / Cunny, Helen / Mutlu, Esra / Waidyanatha, Suramya / Sills, Robert C. / Hong, Hue-Hua. L. / Ton, Thai-Vu / Maynor, Timonthy / Rescio, Leslie / Phillips, Siuzanne L. / Devito, Michael J. / Brix, Amy

Data in Brief. 2018 Dec., v. 21

2018

Abstract: This article describes data related to the research article entitled “Carcinogenic activity of pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture (DE-71) in rats and mice” (Dunnick et al., 2018). PBDE-induced hepatocellular tumors harbored Hras and Ctnnb1 mutations ... ...

Abstract	This article describes data related to the research article entitled “Carcinogenic activity of pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture (DE-71) in rats and mice” (Dunnick et al., 2018). PBDE-induced hepatocellular tumors harbored Hras and Ctnnb1 mutations and the methods for these studies are provided. Tissue levels of PBDE congeners in rats and mice after oral exposure to PBDE mixture increased with increasing dose of PBDE. There was no correlation between AhR status and the incidence of hepatocellular tumors in female Wistar Han rats. This manuscript provides additional information on the methods for conducting mutational analysis, PBDE tissue level determinations, and AhR genotyping.
Keywords	carcinogenicity ; females ; genotyping ; mutational analysis ; oral exposure
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-12
Size	p. 2125-2128.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2786545-9
ISSN	2352-3409
ISSN	2352-3409
DOI	10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.104
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Mixed organic and inorganic tapwater exposures and potential effects in greater Chicago area, USA.

Bradley, Paul M / Argos, Maria / Kolpin, Dana W / Meppelink, Shannon M / Romanok, Kristin M / Smalling, Kelly L / Focazio, Michael J / Allen, Joshua M / Dietze, Julie E / Devito, Michael J / Donovan, Ariel R / Evans, Nicola / Givens, Carrie E / Gray, James L / Higgins, Christopher P / Hladik, Michelle L / Iwanowicz, Luke R / Journey, Celeste A / Lane, Rachael F /

Laughrey, Zachary R / Loftin, Keith A / McCleskey, R Blaine / McDonough, Carrie A / Medlock-Kakaley, Elizabeth / Meyer, Michael T / Putz, Andrea R / Richardson, Susan D / Stark, Alan E / Weis, Christopher P / Wilson, Vickie S / Zehraoui, Abderrahman

The Science of the total environment

2020 Volume 719, Page(s) 137236

Abstract: Safe drinking water at the point of use (tapwater, TW) is a public-health priority. TW exposures and potential human-health concerns of 540 organics and 35 inorganics were assessed in 45 Chicago-area United States (US) homes in 2017. No US Environmental ... ...

Abstract	Safe drinking water at the point of use (tapwater, TW) is a public-health priority. TW exposures and potential human-health concerns of 540 organics and 35 inorganics were assessed in 45 Chicago-area United States (US) homes in 2017. No US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) enforceable Maximum Contaminant Level(s) (MCL) were exceeded in any residential or water treatment plant (WTP) pre-distribution TW sample. Ninety percent (90%) of organic analytes were not detected in treated TW, emphasizing the high quality of the Lake Michigan drinking-water source and the efficacy of the drinking-water treatment and monitoring. Sixteen (16) organics were detected in >25% of TW samples, with about 50 detected at least once. Low-level TW exposures to unregulated disinfection byproducts (DBP) of emerging concern, per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and three pesticides were ubiquitous. Common exceedances of non-enforceable EPA MCL Goal(s) (MCLG) of zero for arsenic [As], lead [Pb], uranium [U], bromodichloromethane, and tribromomethane suggest potential human-health concerns and emphasize the continuing need for improved understanding of cumulative effects of low-concentration mixtures on vulnerable sub-populations. Because DBP dominated TW organics, residential-TW concentrations are potentially predictable with expanded pre-distribution DBP monitoring. However, several TW chemicals, notably Pb and several infrequently detected organic compounds, were not readily explained by pre-distribution samples, illustrating the need for continued broad inorganic/organic TW characterization to support consumer assessment of acceptable risk and point-of-use treatment options.
MeSH term(s)	Chicago ; Drinking Water ; Michigan ; Pesticides ; United States ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Water Purification
Chemical Substances	Drinking Water ; Pesticides ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137236
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Article ; Online: Environmentally relevant mixing ratios in cumulative assessments: a study of the kinetics of pyrethroids and their ester cleavage metabolites in blood and brain; and the effect of a pyrethroid mixture on the motor activity of rats.

Starr, James M / Graham, Stephen E / Ross, David G / Tornero-Velez, Rogelio / Scollon, Edward J / Devito, Michael J / Crofton, Kevin M / Wolansky, Marcelo J / Hughes, Michael F

Toxicology

2014 Volume 320, Page(s) 15–24

Abstract: Unlabelled: National surveys of United States households and child care centers have demonstrated that pyrethroids are widely distributed in indoor habited dwellings and this suggests that co-exposure to multiple pyrethroids occurs in nonoccupational ... ...

Abstract	Unlabelled: National surveys of United States households and child care centers have demonstrated that pyrethroids are widely distributed in indoor habited dwellings and this suggests that co-exposure to multiple pyrethroids occurs in nonoccupational settings. The purpose of this research was to use an environmentally relevant mixture of pyrethroids to assess their cumulative effect on motor activity and develop kinetic profiles for these pyrethroids and their hydrolytic metabolites in brain and blood of rats. Rats were dosed orally at one of two levels (1.5× or 5.0× the calculated dose that decreases rat motor activity by 30%) with a mixture of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, cis-/trans-permethrin, and β-cyfluthrin in corn oil. At 1, 2, 4, 8, or 24h after dosing, the motor activity of each animal was assessed and the animals sacrificed. Concentrations of pyrethroids in brain and blood, and the following metabolites: cis-/trans-dichlorovinyl-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylic acid, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid, and cis-dibromovinyl-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylic acid were determined using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using this pyrethroid mixture in rats, the results suggest there is greater metabolism of trans-permethrin prior to entering the systemic circulatory system. All pyrethroids had tissue half-lives (t1/2) of less than 5h, excepting esfenvalerate in brain. At early time points, relative pyrethroid brain concentrations approximated their dose mixture proportions and a sigmoidal Emax model described the relationship between motor activity decrease and total pyrethroid brain concentration. In blood, the t1/2's of the cyclopropane metabolites were longer than the phenoxybenzoic metabolites. However, relative to their respective precursors, concentrations of the phenoxybenzoic acids were much higher than concentrations of the cyclopropane metabolites. Brain concentrations of all metabolites were low relative to blood concentrations. This implies limited metabolite penetration of the blood-brain barrier and little metabolite formation within the brain. In conclusion: toxicokinetic differences between the pyrethroids did not appear to be important determinants of their relative potency and their effect on motor activity was consistent with a pyrethroid dose additive model.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Half-Life ; Insecticides/administration & dosage ; Insecticides/pharmacokinetics ; Insecticides/toxicity ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Pyrethrins/administration & dosage ; Pyrethrins/pharmacokinetics ; Pyrethrins/toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Time Factors ; Tissue Distribution
Chemical Substances	Insecticides ; Pyrethrins
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06-05
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	184557-3
ISSN	1879-3185 ; 0300-483X
ISSN (online)	1879-3185
ISSN	0300-483X
DOI	10.1016/j.tox.2014.02.016
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