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Article: 'Academic periodization': using approaches from elite sport to benefit early career academics.

Deighton, Kevin / Gonzalez, Javier T

Future science OA

2019 Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) FSO387

Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ISSN	2056-5623
ISSN	2056-5623
DOI	10.4155/fsoa-2018-0117
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Analytical Performance of the Factory-Calibrated Flash Glucose Monitoring System FreeStyle Libre2

Jin, Zhuoxiu / Thackray, Alice E / King, James A / Deighton, Kevin / Davies, Melanie J / Stensel, David J

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 17

Abstract: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is used clinically and for research purposes to capture glycaemic profiles. The accuracy of CGM among healthy populations has not been widely assessed. This study assessed agreement between glucose concentrations ... ...

Abstract	Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is used clinically and for research purposes to capture glycaemic profiles. The accuracy of CGM among healthy populations has not been widely assessed. This study assessed agreement between glucose concentrations obtained from venous plasma and from CGM (FreeStyle Libre2
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Glucose ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Hematologic Tests ; Hypoglycemia
Chemical Substances	Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Blood Glucose
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23177417
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Article ; Online: Approaches to Selecting "Time Zero" in External Control Arms with Multiple Potential Entry Points: A Simulation Study of 8 Approaches.

Hatswell, Anthony J / Deighton, Kevin / Snider, Julia Thornton / Brookhart, M Alan / Faghmous, Imi / Patel, Anik R

Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making

2022 Volume 42, Issue 7, Page(s) 893–905

Abstract: Background: When including data from an external control arm to estimate comparative effectiveness, there is a methodological choice of when to set "time zero," the point at which a patient would be eligible/enrolled in a contemporary study. Where ... ...

Abstract	Background: When including data from an external control arm to estimate comparative effectiveness, there is a methodological choice of when to set "time zero," the point at which a patient would be eligible/enrolled in a contemporary study. Where patients receive multiple lines of eligible therapy and thus alternative points could be selected, this issue is complex. Methods: A simulation study was conducted in which patients received multiple prior lines of therapy before entering either cohort. The results from the control and intervention data sets are compared using 8 methods for selecting time zero. The base-case comparison was set up to be biased against the intervention (which is generally received later), with methods compared in their ability to estimate the true intervention effectiveness. We further investigate the impact of key study attributes (such as sample size) and degree of overlap in time-varying covariates (such as prior lines of therapy) on study results. Results: Of the 8 methods, 5 (all lines, random line, systematically selecting groups based on mean absolute error, root mean square error, or propensity scores) showed good performance in accounting for differences between the line at which patients were included. The first eligible line can be statistically inefficient in some situations. All lines (with censoring) cannot be used for survival outcomes. The last eligible line cannot be recommended. Conclusions: Multiple methods are available for selecting the most appropriate time zero from an external control arm. Based on the simulation, we demonstrate that some methods frequently perform poorly, with several viable methods remaining. In selecting between the viable methods, analysts should consider the context of their analysis and justify the approach selected. Highlights: There are multiple methods available from which an analyst may select "time zero" in an external control cohort.This simulation study demonstrates that some methods perform poorly but most are viable options, depending on context and the degree of overlap in time zero across cohorts.Careful thought and clear justification should be used when selecting the strategy for a study.
MeSH term(s)	Computer Simulation ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604497-9
ISSN	1552-681X ; 0272-989X
ISSN (online)	1552-681X
ISSN	0272-989X
DOI	10.1177/0272989X221096070
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Article ; Online: A scalable 12-week exercise and education programme reduces symptoms and improves function and wellbeing in people with hip and knee osteoarthritis.

Smith, Jemma L / Innes, Aidan Q / Burns, Danielle S / Deniszczyc, Davina / Selfe, James / MacConville, Stephen / Deighton, Kevin / Kelly, Benjamin M

Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences

2023 Volume 4, Page(s) 1147938

Abstract: Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a chronic musculoskeletal condition that impacts more than 300 million people worldwide, with 43 million people experiencing moderate to severe disability due to the disease. This service evaluation provides the results ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a chronic musculoskeletal condition that impacts more than 300 million people worldwide, with 43 million people experiencing moderate to severe disability due to the disease. This service evaluation provides the results from a tailored blended model of care on joint health, physical function, and personal wellbeing. Methods: 1,593 adult participants with osteoarthritis completed the Nuffield Health Joint Pain Programme between February 2019 and May 2022. The 12-week programme included two 40-min exercise sessions per week. All exercise sessions were conducted face-to-face and were followed by 20 min of education to provide information and advice on managing osteoarthritis. Results: The 12-week joint pain programme significantly improved Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) global scores (Week 0: 37.5 [17.2]; Week 12: 24.0 [16.6]; Discussion: With reductions in physical symptoms of osteoarthritis and improvements in personal wellbeing, the joint pain programme delivered by personal trainers in a gym-setting offers a nationally scalable, non-pharmacological treatment pathway for osteoarthritis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-6861
ISSN (online)	2673-6861
DOI	10.3389/fresc.2023.1147938
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Article: Tough cases for the toughest jobs.

Deighton, Kevin

Occupational health & safety (Waco, Tex.)

2007 Volume 76, Issue 5, Page(s) 87–88

MeSH term(s)	Equipment Design/methods ; Equipment Safety ; Humans ; Plastics/chemical synthesis ; Protective Devices/standards ; Safety ; Warfare
Chemical Substances	Plastics
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	752994-6
ISSN	0362-4064
ISSN	0362-4064
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Article ; Online: The effect of rugby training on indirect markers of gut permeability and gut damage in academy level rugby players.

Chantler, Sarah / Griffiths, Alex / Phibbs, Padraic / Roe, Gregory / Ramírez-López, Carlos / Davison, Glen / Jones, Ben / Deighton, Kevin

European journal of applied physiology

2022 Volume 122, Issue 12, Page(s) 2545–2554

Abstract: Purpose: To assess indirect markers of intestinal endothelial cell damage and permeability in academy rugby players in response to rugby training at the beginning and end of preseason.: Methods: Blood and urinary measures (intestinal fatty acid ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To assess indirect markers of intestinal endothelial cell damage and permeability in academy rugby players in response to rugby training at the beginning and end of preseason. Methods: Blood and urinary measures (intestinal fatty acid binding protein and lactulose:rhamnose) as measures of gastrointestinal cell damage and permeability were taken at rest and after a standardised collision-based rugby training session in 19 elite male academy rugby players (age: 20 ± 1 years, backs: 89.3 ± 8.4 kg; forwards: 111.8 ± 7.6 kg) at the start of preseason. A subsample (n = 5) repeated the protocol after six weeks of preseason training. Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS; range of thirteen standard symptoms), aerobic capacity (30-15 intermittent fitness test), and strength (1 repetition maximum) were also measured. Results: Following the rugby training session at the start of preseason, there was an increase (median; interquartile range) in intestinal fatty acid binding protein (2140; 1260-2730 to 3245; 1985-5143 pg/ml, p = 0.003) and lactulose:rhamnose (0.31; 0.26-0.34 to 0.97; 0.82-1.07, p < 0.001). After six weeks of preseason training players physical qualities improved, and the same trends in blood and urinary measures were observed within the subsample. Overall, the frequency and severity of GIS were low and not correlated to markers of endothelial damage. Conclusions: Rugby training resulted in increased intestinal endothelial cell damage and permeability compared to rest. A similar magnitude of effect was observed after six weeks of pre-season training. This was not related to the experience of GIS.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins ; Football/physiology ; Lactulose ; Permeability ; Physical Fitness/physiology ; Rhamnose ; Rugby ; Intestines
Chemical Substances	Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins ; Lactulose (4618-18-2) ; Rhamnose (QN34XC755A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	124793-1
ISSN	1439-6327 ; 1432-1025 ; 0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
ISSN (online)	1439-6327 ; 1432-1025
ISSN	0301-5548 ; 1439-6319
DOI	10.1007/s00421-022-05027-w
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Article ; Online: The effect of moderate versus severe simulated altitude on appetite, gut hormones, energy intake and substrate oxidation in men

Matu, Jamie / Deighton, Kevin / Ispoglou, Theocharis / Duckworth, Lauren

Appetite. 2017 June, v. 113 p.284-292

2017

Abstract: Acute exposure to high altitude (>3500 m) is associated with marked changes in appetite regulation and substrate oxidation but the effects of lower altitudes are unclear. This study examined appetite, gut hormone, energy intake and substrate oxidation ... ...

Abstract	Acute exposure to high altitude (>3500 m) is associated with marked changes in appetite regulation and substrate oxidation but the effects of lower altitudes are unclear. This study examined appetite, gut hormone, energy intake and substrate oxidation responses to breakfast ingestion and exercise at simulated moderate and severe altitudes compared with sea-level. Twelve healthy males (mean ± SD; age 30 ± 9years, body mass index 24.4 ± 2.7 kg·m⁻²) completed in a randomised crossover order three, 305 min experimental trials at a simulated altitude of 0 m, 2150 m (∼15.8% O₂) and 4300 m (∼11.7% O₂) in a normobaric chamber. Participants entered the chamber at 8am following a 12 h fast. A standardised breakfast was consumed inside the chamber at 1 h. One hour after breakfast, participants performed a 60 min treadmill walk at 50% of relative V˙O2max. An ad-libitum buffet meal was consumed 1.5 h after exercise. Blood samples were collected prior to altitude exposure and at 60, 135, 195, 240 and 285 min. No trial based differences were observed in any appetite related measure before exercise. Post-exercise area under the curve values for acylated ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide and composite appetite score were lower (all P < 0.05) at 4300 m compared with sea-level and 2150 m. There were no differences in glucagon-like peptide-1 between conditions (P = 0.895). Mean energy intake was lower at 4300 m (3728 ± 3179 kJ) compared with sea-level (7358 ± 1789 kJ; P = 0.007) and 2150 m (7390 ± 1226 kJ; P = 0.004). Proportional reliance on carbohydrate as a fuel was higher (P = 0.01) before breakfast but lower during (P = 0.02) and after exercise (P = 0.01) at 4300 m compared with sea-level. This study suggests that altitude-induced anorexia and a subsequent reduction in energy intake occurs after exercise during exposure to severe but not moderate simulated altitude. Acylated ghrelin concentrations may contribute to this effect.
Keywords	acute exposure ; altitude ; anorexia ; blood ; body mass index ; breakfast ; carbohydrates ; digestive system ; energy intake ; exercise ; fuels ; ghrelin ; glucagon-like peptide 1 ; ingestion ; oxidation ; pancreatic polypeptide ; sea level ; Hypoxia ; Altitude-induced anorexia ; Hunger ; Acylated ghrelin ; Carbohydrate utilization
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-06
Size	p. 284-292.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	764440-1
ISSN	0195-6663
ISSN	0195-6663
DOI	10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.041
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Effects of a mediterranean diet on the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies

Kimble, Rachel / Gouinguenet, Phebee / Ashor, Ammar / Stewart, Christopher / Deighton, Kevin / Matu, Jamie / Griffiths, Alex / Malcomson, Fiona C. / Joel, Abraham / Houghton, David / Stevenson, Emma / Minihane, Anne Marie / Siervo, Mario / Shannon, Oliver M. / Mathers, John C.

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2023 Oct. 25, v. 63, no. 27 p.8698-8719

2023

Abstract: Consumption of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) is associated with reduced risk of numerous non-communicable diseases. Modulation of the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota represents a potential mechanism through which the ... ...

Abstract	Consumption of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) is associated with reduced risk of numerous non-communicable diseases. Modulation of the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota represents a potential mechanism through which the MedDiet elicits these effects. We conducted a systematic literature search (Prospero registration: CRD42020168977) using PubMed, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscuss, Scopus and CINAHL databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies exploring the impact of a MedDiet on gut microbiota composition (i.e., relative abundance of bacteria or diversity metrics) and metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids). Seventeen RCTs and 17 observational studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Risk of bias across the studies was mixed but mainly identified as low and unclear. Overall, RCTs and observational studies provided no clear evidence of a consistent effect of a MedDiet on composition or metabolism of the gut microbiota. These findings may be related to the diverse methods across studies (e.g., MedDiet classification and analytical techniques), cohort characteristics, and variable quality of studies. Further, well-designed studies are warranted to advance understanding of the potential effects of the MedDiet using more detailed examination of microbiota and microbial metabolites with reference to emerging characteristics of a healthy gut microbiome.
Keywords	Mediterranean diet ; eating habits ; food science ; intestinal microorganisms ; metabolism ; metabolites ; risk ; risk reduction ; systematic review ; Gut microbiota ; Healthy aging ; Short-chain fatty acids
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-1025
Size	p. 8698-8719.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1037504-1
ISSN	1549-7852 ; 1040-8398
ISSN (online)	1549-7852
ISSN	1040-8398
DOI	10.1080/10408398.2022.2057416
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Article ; Online: Body composition differences by age and playing standard in male rugby union and rugby league: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Geeson-Brown, Tom / Jones, Ben / Till, Kevin / Chantler, Sarah / Deighton, Kevin

Journal of sports sciences

2020 Volume 38, Issue 19, Page(s) 2161–2176

Abstract: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine differences in body compositionn between playing standard and age in male rugby union and rugby league athletes. The MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for ...

Abstract	This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine differences in body compositionn between playing standard and age in male rugby union and rugby league athletes. The MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for design, implementation, and reporting were followed. Studies were required to be in male rugby union or league and have body composition as the primary or secondary outcome. Data was required to be presented separately for positional groups and body composition presented as whole-body. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and CINHAHL via EBSCOhost. 57 studies were included for meta-analysis. Results highlighted significantly higher fat-free mass in senior elite than senior sub-elite or junior elite athletes for all RU and RL forwards. Small and non-significant differences were found in fat mass between rugby union playing standards and age categories. Rugby league senior elite forwards had less fat mass than junior elite forwards. Practitioners should prioritise training and nutritional strategies that maximise fat-free mass development, especially in junior elite cohorts.
MeSH term(s)	Age Factors ; Anthropometry ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Football/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Fitness ; Skinfold Thickness ; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	995528-8
ISSN	1466-447X ; 0264-0414
ISSN (online)	1466-447X
ISSN	0264-0414
DOI	10.1080/02640414.2020.1775990
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Article ; Online: Creating an acute energy deficit without stimulating compensatory increases in appetite: is there an optimal exercise protocol?

Deighton, Kevin / Stensel, David J

The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society

2014 Volume 73, Issue 2, Page(s) 352–358

Abstract: Recent years have witnessed significant interest from both the scientific community and the media regarding the influence of exercise on subsequent appetite and energy intake responses. This review demonstrates a consensus among the majority of ... ...

Abstract	Recent years have witnessed significant interest from both the scientific community and the media regarding the influence of exercise on subsequent appetite and energy intake responses. This review demonstrates a consensus among the majority of scientific investigations that an acute bout of land-based endurance exercise does not stimulate any compensatory increases in appetite and energy intake on the day of exercise. Alternatively, preliminary evidence suggests that low volume, supramaximal exercise may stimulate an increase in appetite perceptions during the subsequent hours. In accordance with the apparent insensitivity of energy intake to exercise in the short term, the daily energy balance response to exercise appears to be primarily determined by the energy cost of exercise. This finding supports the conclusions of recent training studies that the energy expenditure of exercise is the strongest predictor of fat loss during an exercise programme.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Appetite/physiology ; Energy Intake/physiology ; Energy Metabolism/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Humans ; Obesity/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	391142-1
ISSN	1475-2719 ; 0029-6651
ISSN (online)	1475-2719
ISSN	0029-6651
DOI	10.1017/S002966511400007X
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