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Article: The presence of peat and variation in tree species composition are under different hydrological controls in Amazonian wetland forests

Flores Llampazo, Gerardo / Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N. / del Aguila‐Pasquel, Jhon / Cordova Oroche, César J. / Díaz Narvaez, Antenor / Reyna Huaymacari, José / Grandez Ríos, Julio / Lawson, Ian T. / Hastie, Adam / Baird, Andy J. / Baker, Timothy R.

Hydrological processes. 2022 Sept., v. 36, no. 9

2022

Abstract: The peat‐forming wetland forests of Amazonia are characterized by high below‐carbon stocks and supply fruit, fibres and timber to local communities. Predicting the future of these ecosystem services requires understanding how hydrological conditions are ... ...

Abstract	The peat‐forming wetland forests of Amazonia are characterized by high below‐carbon stocks and supply fruit, fibres and timber to local communities. Predicting the future of these ecosystem services requires understanding how hydrological conditions are related to tree species composition and the presence, or absence, of peat. Here, we use continuous measurements of water table depth over 2.5 years and manual measurements of pore‐water pH and electrical conductivity to understand the ecohydrological controls of these variables across the large peatland complex in northern Peruvian Amazonia. Measurements were taken in permanent forest plots in four palm swamps, four seasonally flooded forests and four peatland pole forests. All trees ≥10 cm diameter were also measured and identified in the plots to assess floristic composition. Peat occurs in eight of these twelve sites; three seasonally flooded forests and one palm swamp are not associated with peat. Variation in tree species composition among forest types was linked to high flood levels (maximum flooding height) and pH: seasonally flooded forests experience high flood levels (up to 3.66 m from the ground surface) and have high pH values (6–7), palm swamps have intermediate flood levels (up to 1.34 m) and peatland pole forests experience shallow flooding (up to 0.28 m) and have low pH (4). In contrast, the presence of peat was linked to variation in maximum water table depth (i.e. the depth to which the water table drops below the ground surface). Surface peat is found in all forest types where maximum water table depth does not fall >0.55 m below the ground surface at any time. Peat formation and variation in tree species composition therefore have different ecohydrological controls. Predicted increases in the frequency and strength of flooding events may alter patterns of tree species composition, whereas increases in drought severity and declines in minimum river levels may pose a greater risk to the belowground carbon stores of these peatland ecosystems.
Keywords	botanical composition ; carbon ; drought ; ecosystems ; electrical conductivity ; forests ; fruits ; hydrologic cycle ; pH ; peat ; peatlands ; risk ; rivers ; swamps ; trees ; water table ; Amazonia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1479953-4
ISSN	1099-1085 ; 0885-6087
ISSN (online)	1099-1085
ISSN	0885-6087
DOI	10.1002/hyp.14690
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Spatial and temporal variability of soil N

Hergoualc'h, Kristell / Dezzeo, Nelda / Verchot, Louis V / Martius, Christopher / van Lent, Jeffrey / Del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon / López Gonzales, Mariela

Global change biology

2020 Volume 26, Issue 12, Page(s) 7198–7216

Abstract: Mauritia flexuosa palm swamp, the prevailing Peruvian Amazon peatland ecosystem, is extensively threatened by degradation. The unsustainable practice of cutting whole palms for fruit extraction modifies forest's structure and composition and eventually ... ...

Abstract	Mauritia flexuosa palm swamp, the prevailing Peruvian Amazon peatland ecosystem, is extensively threatened by degradation. The unsustainable practice of cutting whole palms for fruit extraction modifies forest's structure and composition and eventually alters peat-derived greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We evaluated the spatiotemporal variability of soil N
MeSH term(s)	Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; Methane ; Nitrous Oxide/analysis ; Peru ; Soil ; Wetlands
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J) ; Nitrous Oxide (K50XQU1029) ; Methane (OP0UW79H66)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.15354
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Article: Spatial and temporal variability of soil N2O and CH4 fluxes along a degradation gradient in a palm swamp peat forest in the Peruvian Amazon

Hergoualc’h, Kristell / Dezzeo, Nelda / Verchot, Louis V / Martius, Christopher / van Lent, Jeffrey / del Aguila‐Pasquel, Jhon / López Gonzales, Mariela

Global change biology. 2020 Dec., v. 26, no. 12

2020

Abstract	Mauritia flexuosa palm swamp, the prevailing Peruvian Amazon peatland ecosystem, is extensively threatened by degradation. The unsustainable practice of cutting whole palms for fruit extraction modifies forest's structure and composition and eventually alters peat‐derived greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We evaluated the spatiotemporal variability of soil N₂O and CH₄ fluxes and environmental controls along a palm swamp degradation gradient formed by one undegraded site (Intact), one moderately degraded site (mDeg) and one heavily degraded site (hDeg). Microscale variability differentiated hummocks supporting live or cut palms from surrounding hollows. Macroscale analysis considered structural changes in vegetation and soil microtopography as impacted by degradation. Variables were monitored monthly over 3 years to evaluate intra‐ and inter‐annual variability. Degradation induced microscale changes in N₂O and CH₄ emission trends and controls. Site‐scale average annual CH₄ emissions were similar along the degradation gradient (225.6 ± 50.7, 160.5 ± 65.9 and 169.4 ± 20.7 kg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ at the Intact, mDeg and hDeg sites, respectively). Site‐scale average annual N₂O emissions (kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) were lower at the mDeg site (0.5 ± 0.1) than at the Intact (1.3 ± 0.6) and hDeg sites (1.1 ± 0.4), but the difference seemed linked to heterogeneous fluctuations in soil water‐filled pore space (WFPS) along the forest complex rather than to degradation. Monthly and annual emissions were mainly controlled by variations in WFPS, water table level (WT) and net nitrification for N₂O; WT, air temperature and net nitrification for CH₄. Site‐scale N₂O emissions remained steady over years, whereas CH₄ emissions rose exponentially with increased precipitation. While the minor impact of degradation on palm swamp peatland N₂O and CH₄ fluxes should be tested elsewhere, the evidenced large and variable CH₄ emissions and significant N₂O emissions call for improved modeling of GHG dynamics in tropical peatlands to test their response to climate changes.
Keywords	Mauritia flexuosa ; air temperature ; climate ; ecosystems ; forests ; fruits ; greenhouse gases ; microrelief ; nitrification ; peat ; peatlands ; soil ; swamps ; temporal variation ; water table ; Amazonia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Size	p. 7198-7216.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.15354
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Methanogens and Methanotrophs Show Nutrient-Dependent Community Assemblage Patterns Across Tropical Peatlands of the Pastaza-Marañón Basin, Peruvian Amazonia.

Finn, Damien Robert / Ziv-El, Michal / van Haren, Joost / Park, Jin Gyoon / Del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon / Urquiza-Muñoz, Jose David / Cadillo-Quiroz, Hinsby

Frontiers in microbiology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 746

Abstract: Tropical peatlands are globally important carbon reservoirs that play a crucial role in fluxes of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Amazon peatlands are expected to be large source of atmospheric methane ( ... ...

Abstract	Tropical peatlands are globally important carbon reservoirs that play a crucial role in fluxes of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Amazon peatlands are expected to be large source of atmospheric methane (CH
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2020.00746
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Article ; Online: Spatial and temporal variability of soil N2O and CH4 fluxes along a degradation gradient in a palm swamp peat forest in the Peruvian Amazon

Hergoualc’h, Kristell / Dezzeo, Nelda / Verchot, Louis V. / Martius, Christopher / van Lent, Jeffrey / del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon / López Gonzales, Mariela

Global Change Biology

2020 Volume 26, Issue 10

Abstract	Mauritia flexuosa palm swamp, the prevailing Peruvian Amazon peatland ecosystem, is extensively threatened by degradation. The unsustainable practice of cutting whole palms for fruit extraction modifies forest's structure and composition and eventually alters peat-derived greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We evaluated the spatiotemporal variability of soil N2O and CH4 fluxes and environmental controls along a palm swamp degradation gradient formed by one undegraded site (Intact), one moderately degraded site (mDeg) and one heavily degraded site (hDeg). Microscale variability differentiated hummocks supporting live or cut palms from surrounding hollows. Macroscale analysis considered structural changes in vegetation and soil microtopography as impacted by degradation. Variables were monitored monthly over 3 years to evaluate intra- and inter-annual variability. Degradation induced microscale changes in N2O and CH4 emission trends and controls. Site-scale average annual CH4 emissions were similar along the degradation gradient (225.6 ± 50.7, 160.5 ± 65.9 and 169.4 ± 20.7 kg C ha−1 year−1 at the Intact, mDeg and hDeg sites, respectively). Site-scale average annual N2O emissions (kg N ha−1 year−1) were lower at the mDeg site (0.5 ± 0.1) than at the Intact (1.3 ± 0.6) and hDeg sites (1.1 ± 0.4), but the difference seemed linked to heterogeneous fluctuations in soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) along the forest complex rather than to degradation. Monthly and annual emissions were mainly controlled by variations in WFPS, water table level (WT) and net nitrification for N2O; WT, air temperature and net nitrification for CH4. Site-scale N2O emissions remained steady over years, whereas CH4 emissions rose exponentially with increased precipitation. While the minor impact of degradation on palm swamp peatland N2O and CH4 fluxes should be tested elsewhere, the evidenced large and variable CH4 emissions and significant N2O emissions call for improved modeling of GHG dynamics in tropical peatlands to test their response to ...
Keywords	GHG emissions ; Mauritia flexuosa swamp forests ; Peru ; methane ; nitrous oxide ; peatland ; tropical
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing country	nl
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Understanding different dominance patterns in western Amazonian forests.

Matas-Granados, Laura / Draper, Frederick C / Cayuela, Luis / de Aledo, Julia G / Arellano, Gabriel / Saadi, Celina Ben / Baker, Timothy R / Phillips, Oliver L / Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N / Ruokolainen, Kalle / García-Villacorta, Roosevelt / Roucoux, Katherine H / Guèze, Maximilien / Sandoval, Elvis Valderrama / Fine, Paul V A / Amasifuen Guerra, Carlos A / Gomez, Ricardo Zarate / Stevenson Diaz, Pablo R / Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel /

Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez / Socolar, Jacob B / Disney, Mathias / Del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon / Llampazo, Gerardo Flores / Arenas, Jim Vega / Huaymacari, José Reyna / Grandez Rios, Julio M / Macía, Manuel J

Ecology letters

2023 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) e14351

Abstract: Dominance of neotropical tree communities by a few species is widely documented, but dominant trees show a variety of distributional patterns still poorly understood. Here, we used 503 forest inventory plots (93,719 individuals ≥2.5 cm diameter, 2609 ... ...

Abstract	Dominance of neotropical tree communities by a few species is widely documented, but dominant trees show a variety of distributional patterns still poorly understood. Here, we used 503 forest inventory plots (93,719 individuals ≥2.5 cm diameter, 2609 species) to explore the relationships between local abundance, regional frequency and spatial aggregation of dominant species in four main habitat types in western Amazonia. Although the abundance-occupancy relationship is positive for the full dataset, we found that among dominant Amazonian tree species, there is a strong negative relationship between local abundance and regional frequency and/or spatial aggregation across habitat types. Our findings suggest an ecological trade-off whereby dominant species can be locally abundant (local dominants) or regionally widespread (widespread dominants), but rarely both (oligarchs). Given the importance of dominant species as drivers of diversity and ecosystem functioning, unravelling different dominance patterns is a research priority to direct conservation efforts in Amazonian forests.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; Trees ; Brazil ; Biodiversity
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1441608-6
ISSN	1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
ISSN (online)	1461-0248
ISSN	1461-023X
DOI	10.1111/ele.14351
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Article ; Online: Thinner bark increases sensitivity of wetter Amazonian tropical forests to fire.

Staver, Ann Carla / Brando, Paulo M / Barlow, Jos / Morton, Douglas C / Paine, C E Timothy / Malhi, Yadvinder / Araujo Murakami, Alejandro / Del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon

Ecology letters

2019 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 99–106

Abstract: Understory fires represent an accelerating threat to Amazonian tropical forests and can, during drought, affect larger areas than deforestation itself. These fires kill trees at rates varying from < 10 to c. 90% depending on fire intensity, forest ... ...

Abstract	Understory fires represent an accelerating threat to Amazonian tropical forests and can, during drought, affect larger areas than deforestation itself. These fires kill trees at rates varying from < 10 to c. 90% depending on fire intensity, forest disturbance history and tree functional traits. Here, we examine variation in bark thickness across the Amazon. Bark can protect trees from fires, but it is often assumed to be consistently thin across tropical forests. Here, we show that investment in bark varies, with thicker bark in dry forests and thinner in wetter forests. We also show that thinner bark translated into higher fire-driven tree mortality in wetter forests, with between 0.67 and 5.86 gigatonnes CO
MeSH term(s)	Carbon Cycle ; Forests ; Plant Bark ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Trees
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1441608-6
ISSN	1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
ISSN (online)	1461-0248
ISSN	1461-023X
DOI	10.1111/ele.13409
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Sustainable palm fruit harvesting as a pathway to conserve Amazon peatland forests

Hidalgo Pizango, C.G. / Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N. / del Águila-Pasquel, Jhon / Flores Llampazo, Gerardo / de Jong, Johan / Córdova Oroche, César J. / Reyna Huaymacari, José M. / Carver, Steve J. / del Castillo Torres, Dennis / Draper, Frederick C. / Phillips, Oliver L. / Roucoux, Katherine H. / de Bruin, Sytze / Peña-claros, Marielos / van der Zon, Marieke / Mitchell, Gordon / Lovett, Jon / García Mendoza, Gabriel / Gatica Saboya, Leticia /

Irarica Pacaya, Julio / Brañas, Manuel Martín / Ramírez Paredes, Eliseo / Baker, Timothy R.

Nature Sustainability

2022 Volume 5, Issue 6

Abstract: Sustainable management of intact tropical peatlands is crucial for climate change mitigation, for biodiversity conservation and to support the livelihoods of local communities. Here, we explore whether sustainable fruit harvesting from Mauritia flexuosa ... ...

Abstract	Sustainable management of intact tropical peatlands is crucial for climate change mitigation, for biodiversity conservation and to support the livelihoods of local communities. Here, we explore whether sustainable fruit harvesting from Mauritia flexuosa palms could support these linked goals by increasing fruit production and incomes across the 2.8 million hectares of the most carbon-dense ecosystem in Amazonia: the lowland peatlands of northeastern Peru. M. flexuosa is dioecious, and fruits are typically harvested by felling female palms; the proportion of female palms therefore provides a good indicator of the health of a stand. Across 93 widely distributed sites, we found that the proportion of female palms increases with travel time to the urban market, and overall, fruit harvesting has halved the current potential production and income from this resource. However, significantly more female palms are found where fruit are harvested by climbing. We estimate that region-wide uptake of climbing could eventually increase potential fruit production by 51% and increase its gross value to US$62 ± 28.2 million yr–1. These findings demonstrate the high cost of unsustainable resource extraction in Neotropical forests and outline a practical path to conserve and sustainably exploit one of the most carbon-rich landscapes on the planet.
Keywords	Life Science
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing country	nl
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	2398-9629
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Dominant tree species drive beta diversity patterns in western Amazonia.

Draper, Frederick C / Asner, Gregory P / Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N / Baker, Timothy R / García-Villacorta, Roosevelt / Pitman, Nigel C A / Fine, Paul V A / Phillips, Oliver L / Zárate Gómez, Ricardo / Amasifuén Guerra, Carlos A / Flores Arévalo, Manuel / Vásquez Martínez, Rodolfo / Brienen, Roel J W / Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel / Torres Montenegro, Luis A / Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis / Roucoux, Katherine H / Ramírez Arévalo, Fredy R / Mesones Acuy, Ítalo /

Del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon / Tagle Casapia, Ximena / Flores Llampazo, Gerardo / Corrales Medina, Massiel / Reyna Huaymacari, José / Baraloto, Christopher

Ecology

2019 Volume 100, Issue 4, Page(s) e02636

Abstract: The forests of western Amazonia are among the most diverse tree communities on Earth, yet this exceptional diversity is distributed highly unevenly within and among communities. In particular, a small number of dominant species account for the majority ... ...

Abstract	The forests of western Amazonia are among the most diverse tree communities on Earth, yet this exceptional diversity is distributed highly unevenly within and among communities. In particular, a small number of dominant species account for the majority of individuals, whereas the large majority of species are locally and regionally extremely scarce. By definition, dominant species contribute little to local species richness (alpha diversity), yet the importance of dominant species in structuring patterns of spatial floristic turnover (beta diversity) has not been investigated. Here, using a network of 207 forest inventory plots, we explore the role of dominant species in determining regional patterns of beta diversity (community-level floristic turnover and distance-decay relationships) across a range of habitat types in northern lowland Peru. Of the 2,031 recorded species in our data set, only 99 of them accounted for 50% of individuals. Using these 99 species, it was possible to reconstruct the overall features of regional beta diversity patterns, including the location and dispersion of habitat types in multivariate space, and distance-decay relationships. In fact, our analysis demonstrated that regional patterns of beta diversity were better maintained by the 99 dominant species than by the 1,932 others, whether quantified using species-abundance data or species presence-absence data. Our results reveal that dominant species are normally common only in a single forest type. Therefore, dominant species play a key role in structuring western Amazonian tree communities, which in turn has important implications, both practically for designing effective protected areas, and more generally for understanding the determinants of beta diversity patterns.
MeSH term(s)	Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; Peru ; Trees ; Tropical Climate
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2010140-5
ISSN	1939-9170 ; 0012-9658
ISSN (online)	1939-9170
ISSN	0012-9658
DOI	10.1002/ecy.2636
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Article ; Online: Variation in carbon and nitrogen concentrations among peatland categories at the global scale.

Watmough, Shaun / Gilbert-Parkes, Spencer / Basiliko, Nathan / Lamit, Louis J / Lilleskov, Erik A / Andersen, Roxanne / Del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon / Artz, Rebekka E / Benscoter, Brian W / Borken, Werner / Bragazza, Luca / Brandt, Stefani M / Bräuer, Suzanna L / Carson, Michael A / Chen, Xin / Chimner, Rodney A / Clarkson, Bev R / Cobb, Alexander R / Enriquez, Andrea S /

Farmer, Jenny / Grover, Samantha P / Harvey, Charles F / Harris, Lorna I / Hazard, Christina / Hoyt, Alison M / Hribljan, John / Jauhiainen, Jyrki / Juutinen, Sari / Kane, Evan S / Knorr, Klaus-Holger / Kolka, Randy / Könönen, Mari / Laine, Anna M / Larmola, Tuula / Levasseur, Patrick A / McCalley, Carmody K / McLaughlin, Jim / Moore, Tim R / Mykytczuk, Nadia / Normand, Anna E / Rich, Virginia / Robinson, Bryce / Rupp, Danielle L / Rutherford, Jasmine / Schadt, Christopher W / Smith, Dave S / Spiers, Graeme / Tedersoo, Leho / Thu, Pham Q / Trettin, Carl C / Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina / Turetsky, Merritt / Urbanová, Zuzana / Varner, Ruth K / Waldrop, Mark P / Wang, Meng / Wang, Zheng / Warren, Matt / Wiedermann, Magdalena M / Williams, Shanay T / Yavitt, Joseph B / Yu, Zhi-Guo / Zahn, Geoff

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 11, Page(s) e0275149

Abstract: Peatlands account for 15 to 30% of the world's soil carbon (C) stock and are important controls over global nitrogen (N) cycles. However, C and N concentrations are known to vary among peatlands contributing to the uncertainty of global C inventories, ... ...

Abstract	Peatlands account for 15 to 30% of the world's soil carbon (C) stock and are important controls over global nitrogen (N) cycles. However, C and N concentrations are known to vary among peatlands contributing to the uncertainty of global C inventories, but there are few global studies that relate peatland classification to peat chemistry. We analyzed 436 peat cores sampled in 24 countries across six continents and measured C, N, and organic matter (OM) content at three depths down to 70 cm. Sites were distinguished between northern (387) and tropical (49) peatlands and assigned to one of six distinct broadly recognized peatland categories that vary primarily along a pH gradient. Peat C and N concentrations, OM content, and C:N ratios differed significantly among peatland categories, but few differences in chemistry with depth were found within each category. Across all peatlands C and N concentrations in the 10-20 cm layer, were 440 ± 85.1 g kg-1 and 13.9 ± 7.4 g kg-1, with an average C:N ratio of 30.1 ± 20.8. Among peatland categories, median C concentrations were highest in bogs, poor fens and tropical swamps (446-532 g kg-1) and lowest in intermediate and extremely rich fens (375-414 g kg-1). The C:OM ratio in peat was similar across most peatland categories, except in deeper samples from ombrotrophic tropical peat swamps that were higher than other peatlands categories. Peat N concentrations and C:N ratios varied approximately two-fold among peatland categories and N concentrations tended to be higher (and C:N lower) in intermediate fens compared with other peatland types. This study reports on a unique data set and demonstrates that differences in peat C and OM concentrations among broadly classified peatland categories are predictable, which can aid future studies that use land cover assessments to refine global peatland C and N stocks.
MeSH term(s)	Carbon/chemistry ; Soil/chemistry ; Wetlands ; Nitrogen
Chemical Substances	Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Soil ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0275149
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