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Article: The effect of reactor scale on biochars and pyrolysis liquids from slow pyrolysis of coffee silverskin, grape pomace and olive mill waste, in auger reactors

del Pozo, Cristina / Rego, Filipe / Puy, Neus / Bartrolí, Jordi / Fàbregas, Esteve / Yang, Yang / Bridgwater, Anthony V.

Waste management. 2022 July 01, v. 148

2022

Abstract: Several studies have addressed the potential biorefinery, through small-scale pyrolysis, of coffee silverskin (CSS), grape pomace (GP) and olive mill waste (OMW), which are respectively the main solid residues from coffee roasting, wine making and olive ... ...

Abstract	Several studies have addressed the potential biorefinery, through small-scale pyrolysis, of coffee silverskin (CSS), grape pomace (GP) and olive mill waste (OMW), which are respectively the main solid residues from coffee roasting, wine making and olive oil production processes. However, increasing the scale of reactor to bring these studies to an industrial level may affect the properties, and hence applications, of the resulting products. The aim of this study is therefore to perform pilot scale experiments to compare and verify the results of analytical study (TGA) and bench scale reactor runs, in order to understand the fundamental differences and create correlations between pyrolysis runs at different scales. To this end, pyrolysis liquids and biochars from the slow pyrolysis of CSS, GP and OMW, performed using different scale auger reactors (15 kg/h and 0.3 kg/h), have been analysed (TGA, pH, density, proximate and ultimate analyses, HHV, FTIR, GCMS) and compared. The results showed no major differences in biochars when the temperature and the solid residence time were fixed. However, regarding pyrolysis liquids, compounds from the lab reactor were more degraded than pilot plant ones, due to, in this case, the vapour residence time was longer. Regarding the properties of the pyrolysis products, GP 400 °C biochars showed the best properties for combustion; CSS biochars were especially rich in nitrogen, and 400 °C GP and OMW pyrolysis liquids showed the highest number of phenolics. Hence, this study is considered a first step towards industrial scale CSS, GP and OMW pyrolysis-based biorefinery.
Keywords	biochar ; biorefining ; combustion ; food processing wastes ; grape pomace ; nitrogen ; olive oil ; pH ; phenolic compounds ; pyrolysis ; temperature ; vapors ; waste management ; wines
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0701
Size	p. 106-116.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2001471-5
ISSN	1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
ISSN (online)	1879-2456
ISSN	0956-053X
DOI	10.1016/j.wasman.2022.05.023
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Hydrothermal Extraction of Valuable Components from Leaves and Petioles from Paulownia elongata x fortunei

Rodríguez-Seoane, Paula / del Pozo, Cristina / Puy, Neus / Bartrolí, Jordi / Domínguez, Herminia

Waste and biomass valorization. 2021 Aug., v. 12, no. 8

2021

Abstract: The leaves and petioles of Paulownia elongata x fortunei are residual fractions from the tree plantations commercially destined to the production of wood and their valorization could contribute to the rational utilization of this resource. The ... ...

Abstract	The leaves and petioles of Paulownia elongata x fortunei are residual fractions from the tree plantations commercially destined to the production of wood and their valorization could contribute to the rational utilization of this resource. The saccharidic fraction is the most abundant in both parts of the plant and the sugar profile is very similar, but the ethanol extractives are more abundant in leaves. Non isothermal processing was selected since it provided better results than isothermal extraction with shorter times. For this reason, optimization of autohydrolysis under non isothermal operation (140–240 °C) was performed for both materials: leaves and petioles. The final autohydrolysis temperature highly influenced the saccharidic, proteic, phenolic and volatile composition of the extracts. Operating under selected conditions leaves provided extracts with more antioxidant compounds than petioles. The proposed technology provides a variety of commercially valuable components, which could contribute to the integral use of this energetic crop following a biorefinery approach.
Keywords	Paulownia elongata ; antioxidants ; autohydrolysis ; biomass ; biorefining ; ethanol ; sugars ; temperature ; trees ; volatile compounds ; wastes ; wood
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-08
Size	p. 4525-4535.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2541900-6
ISSN	1877-265X ; 1877-2641
ISSN (online)	1877-265X
ISSN	1877-2641
DOI	10.1007/s12649-020-01298-6
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Article: Converting coffee silverskin to value-added products by a slow pyrolysis-based biorefinery process

del Pozo, Cristina / Rego, Filipe / Yang, Yang / Puy, Neus / Bartrolí, Jordi / Fàbregas, Esteve / Bridgwater, Anthony V

Fuel processing technology. 2021 Apr., v. 214

2021

Abstract: This work aims to transform coffee silverskin (CSS), the only waste from the coffee roasting process, that worldwide amounts to about 76 million kg/year, into value-added products within an integrated slow pyrolysis process. The study, performed at 280 ° ... ...

Abstract	This work aims to transform coffee silverskin (CSS), the only waste from the coffee roasting process, that worldwide amounts to about 76 million kg/year, into value-added products within an integrated slow pyrolysis process. The study, performed at 280 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C, determined the potential applications of the resulting fractions. Biochar has been studied as an adsorbent of organic pollutants in water, using methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO), which are respectively cationic and anionic aromatic dyes, as model compounds, and with 400 °C biochar giving the highest removal values, at 98% with MB and 40% with MO. Moreover, CSS biochar could be used to obtain renewable energy from its combustion, with 22.6–24.2 MJ/kg calorific values. The liquid fraction could be a potential source of caffeine, among phenolics, with 400 °C aqueous phase presenting the highest concentration of caffeine (14.3 g/L). Concerning the gas fraction, it could be used to obtain heat for biomass drying before pyrolysis. Hence, use of the pyrolysis products as described would allow zero-waste to be achieved in the coffee roasting industry, thus promoting the green and circular economy and production of green chemicals and materials in a biorefinery context.
Keywords	adsorbents ; biochar ; biomass ; biorefining ; caffeine ; circular economy ; combustion ; heat ; industry ; liquids ; methyl orange ; methylene blue ; phenolic compounds ; pyrolysis ; value added ; wastes
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-04
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1483666-x
ISSN	0378-3820
ISSN	0378-3820
DOI	10.1016/j.fuproc.2020.106708
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Article ; Online: The effect of reactor scale on biochars and pyrolysis liquids from slow pyrolysis of coffee silverskin, grape pomace and olive mill waste, in auger reactors.

Del Pozo, Cristina / Rego, Filipe / Puy, Neus / Bartrolí, Jordi / Fàbregas, Esteve / Yang, Yang / Bridgwater, Anthony V

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)

2022 Volume 148, Page(s) 106–116

Abstract	Several studies have addressed the potential biorefinery, through small-scale pyrolysis, of coffee silverskin (CSS), grape pomace (GP) and olive mill waste (OMW), which are respectively the main solid residues from coffee roasting, wine making and olive oil production processes. However, increasing the scale of reactor to bring these studies to an industrial level may affect the properties, and hence applications, of the resulting products. The aim of this study is therefore to perform pilot scale experiments to compare and verify the results of analytical study (TGA) and bench scale reactor runs, in order to understand the fundamental differences and create correlations between pyrolysis runs at different scales. To this end, pyrolysis liquids and biochars from the slow pyrolysis of CSS, GP and OMW, performed using different scale auger reactors (15 kg/h and 0.3 kg/h), have been analysed (TGA, pH, density, proximate and ultimate analyses, HHV, FTIR, GCMS) and compared. The results showed no major differences in biochars when the temperature and the solid residence time were fixed. However, regarding pyrolysis liquids, compounds from the lab reactor were more degraded than pilot plant ones, due to, in this case, the vapour residence time was longer. Regarding the properties of the pyrolysis products, GP 400 °C biochars showed the best properties for combustion; CSS biochars were especially rich in nitrogen, and 400 °C GP and OMW pyrolysis liquids showed the highest number of phenolics. Hence, this study is considered a first step towards industrial scale CSS, GP and OMW pyrolysis-based biorefinery.
MeSH term(s)	Charcoal/chemistry ; Coffee ; Olea ; Pyrolysis ; Vitis
Chemical Substances	Coffee ; biochar ; Charcoal (16291-96-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001471-5
ISSN	1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
ISSN (online)	1879-2456
ISSN	0956-053X
DOI	10.1016/j.wasman.2022.05.023
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Article ; Online: Production of antioxidants and other value-added compounds from coffee silverskin via pyrolysis under a biorefinery approach.

Del Pozo, Cristina / Bartrolí, Jordi / Alier, Santi / Puy, Neus / Fàbregas, Esteve

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)

2020 Volume 109, Page(s) 19–27

Abstract: The coffee roasting industry produces about 0.4 Mt of coffee silverskin (CSS) per year, the only residue generated from the roasting process that is mostly disposed as industrial waste. The aim of this study is to convert CSS into value-added products by ...

Abstract	The coffee roasting industry produces about 0.4 Mt of coffee silverskin (CSS) per year, the only residue generated from the roasting process that is mostly disposed as industrial waste. The aim of this study is to convert CSS into value-added products by intermediate pyrolysis, transforming the waste into a resource within an integrated biorefinery perspective. To this end, bio-oils and biochars from the intermediate pyrolysis of CSS at 280 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C have been studied. GC-MS analysis showed that bio-oils were composed of value-added products such as caffeine, acetic acid, pyridine and phenolics, the latter being the most interesting due to their antioxidant properties. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the samples were determined through Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) and DPPH methods, revealing an increase in phenolics in bio-oils compared to CSS extract directly from the feedstock. The bio-oil with the highest phenolic content and antioxidant properties was produced at 280 °C and contained 6.09 and 3.02 mg of gallic acid equivalents /g of bio-oil determined by FC and DPPH methods, respectively. This represents a global potential of up to 487 and 242 tones of gallic acid equivalents per year, considering the FC results and DPPH respectively. The resulting 280 °C biochar presented significant calorific values (22 MJ/kg), indicating its potential use as an energy source. Hence, CSS pyrolysis converts a waste into a by-product and a resource, increasing the environmental benefits and contributing to the circular economy and bioeconomy.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants ; Biofuels ; Coffee ; Hot Temperature ; Industrial Waste ; Phenols ; Pyrolysis
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Biofuels ; Coffee ; Industrial Waste ; Phenols
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001471-5
ISSN	1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
ISSN (online)	1879-2456
ISSN	0956-053X
DOI	10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.044
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Article: Separation of value-added chemical groups from bio-oil of olive mill waste

del Pozo, Cristina / Jordi Bartrolí / Neus Puy / Esteve Fàbregas

Industrial crops and products. 2018 Dec. 01, v. 125

2018

Abstract: The sector of olive oil (Olea europaea) produces a large quantity of waste per year which is usually dried and deoiled resulting in a by-product known as Olive Mill Wastes (OMW). This waste can be used as a source of energy; however, its composition also ...

Abstract	The sector of olive oil (Olea europaea) produces a large quantity of waste per year which is usually dried and deoiled resulting in a by-product known as Olive Mill Wastes (OMW). This waste can be used as a source of energy; however, its composition also indicates a potential use as a source of chemicals. Intermediate pyrolysis of OMW resulted in a bio-oil composed of value-added products divided in two phases: an aqueous phase (AP) containing acetic acid, monosaccharides and phenolic derivatives, and a non-aqueous phase (NAP) composed of phenolic derivatives and fatty acids and their methyl esters. The main purpose of the study was to separate these compounds in interest chemical groups to increase the value of the residue inside biorefinery concept. Two liquid-liquid extraction methods, an extraction at original pH and an acid-base extraction, were studied. The results showed that acid-base extraction method, performed with hexane at pH 12 followed by an ethyl acetate extraction at pH 6, was the best method to extract value-added chemical groups in both AP and NAP bio-oil phases. Acetic acid used as chemical platform was found together with monosaccharides, that could be used to study its viability in biogas/bioethanol production, in AP aqueous phase. Phenolic derivatives, potentially useful in food, pharmaceutical and/or cosmetic industry, were found in both AP hexane and NAP ethyl acetate phases. Finally, methyl esters of fatty acids which could be directed to produce biodiesel were found in NAP hexane phase. As a result, this study allows the revaluation of OMW as a first step towards circular economy and bioeconomy.
Keywords	Olea europaea ; acetic acid ; biodiesel ; bioeconomics ; biogas ; biorefining ; byproducts ; circular economy ; energy ; ethanol production ; ethyl acetate ; fatty acids ; food processing wastes ; hexane ; industry ; liquid-liquid extraction ; monosaccharides ; olive oil ; pH ; pyrolysis ; value added ; value-added products ; viability
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-1201
Size	p. 160-167.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1132158-1
ISSN	1872-633X ; 0926-6690
ISSN (online)	1872-633X
ISSN	0926-6690
DOI	10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.062
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Article ; Online: Pigmented peduncule on the leg.

Arango Duque, Laura C / Júarez Martín, Africa / Torio Sánchez, Beatriz / García Sánchez, María / Bajo Del Pozo, Cristina

Cutis

2018 Volume 101, Issue 4, Page(s) E9–E11

MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/pathology ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation/pathology ; Male ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology ; Thigh
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391840-3
ISSN	2326-6929 ; 0011-4162 ; 0151-9522
ISSN (online)	2326-6929
ISSN	0011-4162 ; 0151-9522
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Article ; Online: Unnecessary surgical treatment in a case of olfactory reference syndrome.

Miranda-Sivelo, Alberto / Bajo-Del Pozo, Cristina / Fructuoso-Castellar, Ana

General hospital psychiatry

2013 Volume 35, Issue 6, Page(s) 683.e3–4

Abstract: We present a case of olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) with complaints of bromhidrosis. This patient underwent a lumbar sympathectomy to correct the imagined body odor problem. The patient reported experiencing an improvement after surgery, but later, ... ...

Abstract	We present a case of olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) with complaints of bromhidrosis. This patient underwent a lumbar sympathectomy to correct the imagined body odor problem. The patient reported experiencing an improvement after surgery, but later, the olfactory symptoms returned. The main objective with ORS patients should be to begin psychiatric treatment early. Other treatments usually appear to be ineffective and cause great dissatisfaction.
MeSH term(s)	Delusions/diagnosis ; Delusions/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Odorants ; Sweating ; Sympathectomy ; Syndrome ; Unnecessary Procedures ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392299-6
ISSN	1873-7714 ; 0163-8343
ISSN (online)	1873-7714
ISSN	0163-8343
DOI	10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.06.014
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Article: Dual spinal cord stimulation for complex pain: preliminary study.

Abejón, David / Reig, Enrique / Del Pozo, Cristina / Contreras, Rafael / Insausti, Joaquín

Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society

2009 Volume 8, Issue 2, Page(s) 105–111

Abstract: Objectives To retrospectively analyze by indices of success, patients with chronic complex pain, including, axial low back pain, receiving dual spinal cord stimulation (SCS) systems. Methods Eighteen patients with dual spinal cord stimulators have been ...

Abstract	Objectives To retrospectively analyze by indices of success, patients with chronic complex pain, including, axial low back pain, receiving dual spinal cord stimulation (SCS) systems. Methods Eighteen patients with dual spinal cord stimulators have been retrospectively and nonrandomly analyzed. The preponderance of patients in our study group had failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). Parameters of success of our therapy included reduction of medication, if any, complications, if any, and satisfaction with therapy and improvement in the quality of life, measured by a visual analogical scale (VAS) from 0 to 10. Patients were asked to rate their overall experience with their SCS systems and were divided into four separate groupings according to their overall rating of their therapy. These four groupings included therapy ratings of excellent (70-100%), good (> 50%), fair (< 50%), and poor (< 30%). Satisfaction with therapy and improvement in quality of life were evaluated on a five-point scale. Patients were asked to rate changes in their quality of life after therapy using the following normative scale: much better, better, no change, worse, and much worse. All the patients in our study were asked if they would repeat their therapy with dual spinal cord stimulation. Results Paresthesia coverage, overlapping the reported painful region, was obtained in 80% of the patients in our study. The VAS decreased an average of 5.6 (range 2-10) after 6 months and 4.9 (range 2-8) at the end of the study. Six patients (37.5%) reported excellent results; four patients (25%) reported good; three (18.7%), fair and poor. Seventy percent of the patients were satisfied with the treatment and reported an increase in their quality of life. Medications were reduced in 75% of the patients. Thirteen (81%) patients with dual lead SCS therapy were willing to repeat the SCS implant procedure. Complications occurred in 43.7%. Conclusions Dual spinal cord stimulation is appropriate and efficacious for treating complex pathology and complex pain that including pain of the low, axial back.
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-08-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1500372-3
ISSN	1094-7159
ISSN	1094-7159
DOI	10.1111/j.1525-1403.2005.00226.x
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Article ; Online: Trans-facet-joint approach to pulsed radiofrequency ablation of the L5 dorsal root ganglion in a patient with degenerative spondylosis and scoliosis.

Abejón, David / Ortego, Rocio / Solís, Rocio / Alaoui, Neri / del Saz, Javier / del Pozo, Cristina

Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain

2008 Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) 202–205

Abstract: Mechanical low back pain secondary to degenerative facet joint changes is a common reason for referral to pain clinics. When these changes cause encroachment into the intervertebral foramen, radicular pain may result. While pulsed radiofrequency of the ... ...

Abstract	Mechanical low back pain secondary to degenerative facet joint changes is a common reason for referral to pain clinics. When these changes cause encroachment into the intervertebral foramen, radicular pain may result. While pulsed radiofrequency of the dorsal root ganglion can be used in this setting, the anatomic deformity may make the transforaminal approach difficult. We report a case where a trans-facet approach was used successfully and describe the technique.
MeSH term(s)	Analgesia/methods ; Analgesics/therapeutic use ; Autonomic Nerve Block ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Electrocoagulation/methods ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/surgery ; Humans ; Low Back Pain/etiology ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Middle Aged ; Radiculopathy/drug therapy ; Radiculopathy/surgery ; Radio Waves/therapeutic use ; Scoliosis/complications ; Spinal Osteophytosis/complications ; Spinal Stenosis/complications
Chemical Substances	Analgesics
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2151272-3
ISSN	1533-2500 ; 1530-7085
ISSN (online)	1533-2500
ISSN	1530-7085
DOI	10.1111/j.1533-2500.2008.00191.x
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