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Article: Optical Properties and Interference Effects of the Lens Mitochondrion.

Margadant, Felix / Almsherqi, Zakaria / Xu, Xiaochun / Deng, Yuru

2023 Volume 13, Issue 6

Abstract: The lens mitochondrion of the tree shrew, located along the optical pathway between the lens and photoreceptors, has been investigated. The results suggest that the lens mitochondrion acts as a quasi-bandgap or imperfect photonic crystal. Interference ... ...

Abstract	The lens mitochondrion of the tree shrew, located along the optical pathway between the lens and photoreceptors, has been investigated. The results suggest that the lens mitochondrion acts as a quasi-bandgap or imperfect photonic crystal. Interference effects cause a shift in the focus and introduce wavelength-dependent behavior similar to dispersion. Optical channels within the mitochondrion form a mild waveguide, preferentially propagating light within certain compartments. The lens mitochondrion also functions as an imperfect UV-shielding interference filter. Overall, this study provides insights into the dual role of the lens mitochondrion and the complex behavior of light within biological systems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2614641-1
ISSN	2077-0375
ISSN	2077-0375
DOI	10.3390/membranes13060610
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Article: Coronavirus-Induced Host Cubic Membranes and Lipid-Related Antiviral Therapies: A Focus on Bioactive Plasmalogens.

Deng, Yuru / Angelova, Angelina

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) 630242

Abstract: Coronaviruses have lipid envelopes required for their activity. The fact that coronavirus infection provokes the formation of cubic membranes (CM) (denoted also as convoluted membranes) in host cells has not been rationalized in the development of ... ...

Abstract	Coronaviruses have lipid envelopes required for their activity. The fact that coronavirus infection provokes the formation of cubic membranes (CM) (denoted also as convoluted membranes) in host cells has not been rationalized in the development of antiviral therapies yet. In this context, the role of bioactive plasmalogens (vinyl ether glycerophospholipids) is not completely understood. These lipid species display a propensity for non-lamellar phase formation, facilitating membrane fusion, and modulate the activity of membrane-bound proteins such as enzymes and receptors. At the organism level, plasmalogen deficiency is associated with cardiometabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. A straight link is perceived with the susceptibility of such patients to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2) infection, the severity of illness, and the related difficulty in treatment. Based on correlations between the coronavirus-induced modifications of lipid metabolism in host cells, plasmalogen deficiency in the lung surfactant of COVID-19 patients, and the alterations of lipid membrane structural organization and composition including the induction of CM, we emphasize the key role of plasmalogens in the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV) entry and replication in host cells. Considering that plasmalogen-enriched lung surfactant formulations may improve the respiratory process in severe infected individuals, plasmalogens can be suggested as an anti-viral prophylactic, a lipid biomarker in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections, and a potential anti-viral therapeutic component of lung surfactant development for COVID-19 patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2737824-X
ISSN	2296-634X
ISSN	2296-634X
DOI	10.3389/fcell.2021.630242
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Article ; Online: Plasmalogens and platelet-activating factor roles in chronic inflammatory diseases.

Tremblay, Marie-Ève / Almsherqi, Zakaria A / Deng, Yuru

BioFactors (Oxford, England)

2022

Abstract: Fatty acids and phospholipid molecules are essential for determining the structure and function of cell membranes, and they hence participate in many biological processes. Platelet activating factor (PAF) and its precursor plasmalogen, which represent ... ...

Abstract	Fatty acids and phospholipid molecules are essential for determining the structure and function of cell membranes, and they hence participate in many biological processes. Platelet activating factor (PAF) and its precursor plasmalogen, which represent two subclasses of ether phospholipids, have attracted increasing research attention recently due to their association with multiple chronic inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. These pathophysiological conditions commonly involve inflammatory processes linked to an excess presence of PAF and/or decreased levels of plasmalogens. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of plasmalogens in inflammation have remained largely elusive. While anti-inflammatory responses most likely involve the plasmalogen signal pathway; pro-inflammatory responses recruit arachidonic acid, a precursor of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators which is released from membrane phospholipids, notably derived from the hydrolysis of plasmalogens. Plasmalogens per se are vital membrane phospholipids in humans. Changes in their homeostatic levels may alter cell membrane properties, thus affecting key signaling pathways that mediate inflammatory cascades and immune responses. The plasmalogen analogs of PAF are also potentially important, considering that anti-PAF activity has strong anti-inflammatory effects. Plasmalogen replacement therapy was further identified as a promising anti-inflammatory strategy allowing for the relief of pathological hallmarks in patients affected by chronic diseases with an inflammatory component. The aim of this Short Review is to highlight the emerging roles and implications of plasmalogens in chronic inflammatory disorders, along with the promising outcomes of plasmalogen replacement therapy for the treatment of various PAF-related chronic inflammatory pathologies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	59230-4
ISSN	1872-8081 ; 0951-6433
ISSN (online)	1872-8081
ISSN	0951-6433
DOI	10.1002/biof.1916
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Article: Self-Assembled Nanoscale Materials for Neuronal Regeneration: A Focus on BDNF Protein and Nucleic Acid Biotherapeutic Delivery.

Wu, Yu / Rakotoarisoa, Miora / Angelov, Borislav / Deng, Yuru / Angelova, Angelina

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 13

Abstract: Enabling challenging applications of nanomedicine and precision medicine in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders requires deeper investigations of nanocarrier-mediated biomolecular delivery for neuronal targeting and recovery. The successful use ... ...

Abstract	Enabling challenging applications of nanomedicine and precision medicine in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders requires deeper investigations of nanocarrier-mediated biomolecular delivery for neuronal targeting and recovery. The successful use of macromolecular biotherapeutics (recombinant growth factors, antibodies, enzymes, synthetic peptides, cell-penetrating peptide-drug conjugates, and RNAi sequences) in clinical developments for neuronal regeneration should benefit from the recent strategies for enhancement of their bioavailability. We highlight the advances in the development of nanoscale materials for drug delivery in neurodegenerative disorders. The emphasis is placed on nanoformulations for the delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) using different types of lipidic nanocarriers (liposomes, liquid crystalline or solid lipid nanoparticles) and polymer-based scaffolds, nanofibers and hydrogels. Self-assembled soft-matter nanoscale materials show favorable neuroprotective characteristics, safety, and efficacy profiles in drug delivery to the central and peripheral nervous systems. The advances summarized here indicate that neuroprotective biomolecule-loaded nanoparticles and injectable hydrogels can improve neuronal survival and reduce tissue injury. Certain recently reported neuronal dysfunctions in long-COVID-19 survivors represent early manifestations of neurodegenerative pathologies. Therefore, BDNF delivery systems may also help in prospective studies on recovery from long-term COVID-19 neurological complications and be considered as promising systems for personalized treatment of neuronal dysfunctions and prevention or retarding of neurodegenerative disorders.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2662255-5
ISSN	2079-4991
ISSN	2079-4991
DOI	10.3390/nano12132267
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Article ; Online: Chronic inflammation, neuroglial dysfunction, and plasmalogen deficiency as a new pathobiological hypothesis addressing the overlap between post-COVID-19 symptoms and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

Chaves-Filho, Adriano Maia / Braniff, Olivia / Angelova, Angelina / Deng, Yuru / Tremblay, Marie-Ève

Brain research bulletin

2023 Volume 201, Page(s) 110702

Abstract: After five waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, it has been recognized that a significant portion of the affected individuals developed long-term debilitating symptoms marked by chronic fatigue, cognitive difficulties ("brain fog"), ... ...

Abstract	After five waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, it has been recognized that a significant portion of the affected individuals developed long-term debilitating symptoms marked by chronic fatigue, cognitive difficulties ("brain fog"), post-exertional malaise, and autonomic dysfunction. The onset, progression, and clinical presentation of this condition, generically named post-COVID-19 syndrome, overlap significantly with another enigmatic condition, referred to as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Several pathobiological mechanisms have been proposed for ME/CFS, including redox imbalance, systemic and central nervous system inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Chronic inflammation and glial pathological reactivity are common hallmarks of several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders and have been consistently associated with reduced central and peripheral levels of plasmalogens, one of the major phospholipid components of cell membranes with several homeostatic functions. Of great interest, recent evidence revealed a significant reduction of plasmalogen contents, biosynthesis, and metabolism in ME/CFS and acute COVID-19, with a strong association to symptom severity and other relevant clinical outcomes. These bioactive lipids have increasingly attracted attention due to their reduced levels representing a common pathophysiological manifestation between several disorders associated with aging and chronic inflammation. However, alterations in plasmalogen levels or their lipidic metabolism have not yet been examined in individuals suffering from post-COVID-19 symptoms. Here, we proposed a pathobiological model for post-COVID-19 and ME/CFS based on their common inflammation and dysfunctional glial reactivity, and highlighted the emerging implications of plasmalogen deficiency in the underlying mechanisms. Along with the promising outcomes of plasmalogen replacement therapy (PRT) for various neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric disorders, we sought to propose PRT as a simple, effective, and safe strategy for the potential relief of the debilitating symptoms associated with ME/CFS and post-COVID-19 syndrome.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/diagnosis ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/therapy ; Plasmalogens ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; COVID-19 ; Inflammation
Chemical Substances	Plasmalogens
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197620-5
ISSN	1873-2747 ; 0361-9230
ISSN (online)	1873-2747
ISSN	0361-9230
DOI	10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110702
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Zs.A 1243: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Lipid and Transcriptional Regulation in a Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model by Intranasal Vesicular and Hexosomal Plasmalogen-Based Nanomedicines.

Wu, Yu / Wang, Jieli / Deng, Yuru / Angelov, Borislav / Fujino, Takehiko / Hossain, Md Shamim / Angelova, Angelina

Advanced healthcare materials

2024 , Page(s) e2304588

Abstract: Plasmalogens (vinyl-ether phospholipids) are an emergent class of lipid drugs against various diseases involving neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered lipid metabolism. They can activate neurotrophic and ... ...

Abstract	Plasmalogens (vinyl-ether phospholipids) are an emergent class of lipid drugs against various diseases involving neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered lipid metabolism. They can activate neurotrophic and neuroprotective signaling pathways but low bioavailabilities limit their efficiency in curing neurodegeneration. Here, liquid crystalline lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are created for the protection and non-invasive intranasal delivery of purified scallop-derived plasmalogens. The in vivo results with a transgenic mouse Parkinson's disease (PD) model (characterized by motor impairments and α-synuclein deposition) demonstrate the crucial importance of LNP composition, which determines the self-assembled nanostructure type. Vesicle and hexosome nanostructures (characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering) display different efficacy of the nanomedicine-mediated recovery of motor function, lipid balance, and transcriptional regulation (e.g., reduced neuro-inflammation and PD pathogenic gene expression). Intranasal vesicular and hexosomal plasmalogen-based LNP treatment leads to improvement of the behavioral PD symptoms and downregulation of the Il6, Il33, and Tnfa genes. Moreover, RNA-sequencing and lipidomic analyses establish a dramatic effect of hexosomal nanomedicines on PD amelioration, lipid metabolism, and the type and number of responsive transcripts that may be implicated in neuroregeneration.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-22
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2649576-4
ISSN	2192-2659 ; 2192-2640
ISSN (online)	2192-2659
ISSN	2192-2640
DOI	10.1002/adhm.202304588
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Zs.A 6966: Show issues

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Article: Bicontinuous cubic phases in biological and artificial self-assembled systems.

Cui, Congcong / Deng, Yuru / Han, Lu

Science China materials

2020 Volume 63, Issue 5, Page(s) 686–702

Abstract: Nature has created innumerable life forms with miraculous hierarchical structures and morphologies that are optimized for different life events through evolution over billions of years. Bicontinuous cubic structures, which are often described by triply ... ...

Abstract	Nature has created innumerable life forms with miraculous hierarchical structures and morphologies that are optimized for different life events through evolution over billions of years. Bicontinuous cubic structures, which are often described by triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) and their constant mean curvature (CMC)/parallel surface companions, are of special interest to various research fields because of their complex form with unique physical functionalities. This has prompted the scientific community to fully understand the formation, structure, and properties of these materials. In this review, we summarize and discuss the formation mechanism and relationships of the relevant biological structures and the artificial self-assembly systems. These structures can be formed through biological processes with amazing regulation across a great length scales; nevertheless, artificial construction normally produces the structure corresponding to the molecular size and shape. Notably, the block copolymeric system is considered to be an applicable and attractive model system for the study of biological systems due to their versatile design and rich phase behavior. Some of the phenomena found in these two systems are compared and discussed, and this information may provide new ideas for a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between molecular shape and resulting interface curvature and the self-assembly process in living organisms. We argue that the co-polymeric system may serve as a model to understand these biological systems and could encourage additional studies of artificial self-assembly and the creation of new functional materials.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-28
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2806677-7
ISSN	2199-4501 ; 2095-8226
ISSN (online)	2199-4501
ISSN	2095-8226
DOI	10.1007/s40843-019-1261-1
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Article: The Potential Role of Bioactive Plasmalogens in Lung Surfactant.

Zhuo, Ruijiang / Rong, Pu / Wang, Jieli / Parvin, Rokshana / Deng, Yuru

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) 618102

Abstract: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a type of newborn disorder caused by the deficiency or late appearance of lung surfactant, a mixture of lipids and proteins. Studies have shown that lung surfactant replacement therapy could effectively ... ...

Abstract	Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a type of newborn disorder caused by the deficiency or late appearance of lung surfactant, a mixture of lipids and proteins. Studies have shown that lung surfactant replacement therapy could effectively reduce the morbidity and mortality of NRDS, and the therapeutic effect of animal-derived surfactant preparation, although with its limitations, performs much better than that of protein-free synthetic ones. Plasmalogens are a type of ether phospholipids present in multiple human tissues, including lung and lung surfactant. Plasmalogens are known to promote and stabilize non-lamellar hexagonal phase structure in addition to their significant antioxidant property. Nevertheless, they are nearly ignored and underappreciated in the lung surfactant-related research. This report will focus on plasmalogens, a minor yet potentially vital component of lung surfactant, and also discuss their biophysical properties and functions as anti-oxidation, structural modification, and surface tension reduction at the alveolar surface. At the end, we boldly propose a novel synthetic protein-free lung surfactant preparation with plasmalogen modification as an alternative strategy for surfactant replacement therapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2737824-X
ISSN	2296-634X
ISSN	2296-634X
DOI	10.3389/fcell.2021.618102
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Article ; Online: Plasmalogen-rich foods promote the formation of cubic membranes in amoeba Chaos under stress conditions.

Chong, Ketpin / Almsherqi, Zakaria A / Zhuo, Ruijiang / Deng, Yuru

FEBS open bio

2021 Volume 11, Issue 8, Page(s) 2319–2328

Abstract: Previous studies have indicated that the ability to form cubic membrane (CM), a three-dimensional periodic structure with cubic symmetry, in amoeba (Chaos carolinense) under stress conditions depends on the type of food organism supplied before cell ... ...

Abstract	Previous studies have indicated that the ability to form cubic membrane (CM), a three-dimensional periodic structure with cubic symmetry, in amoeba (Chaos carolinense) under stress conditions depends on the type of food organism supplied before cell starvation. The significant increase in docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; C22:5n-6) during the starvation period has been reported to induce CM formation and support Chaos cell survival. In this article, we further investigated the lipid profiles of food organisms of the Chaos cells to reveal the key lipid components that might promote CM formation. Our results show that the lipids extracted from cells of the native food organism Paramecium multimicronucleatum are enriched in plasmalogens. More specifically, plasmalogen phosphatidylcholine and plasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamine might be the key lipids that trigger CM formation in Chaos cells under starvation stress conditions. Unexpectedly, CM formation in these cells is not supported when the native food organism was replaced with plasmalogen-deficit Tetrahymena pyriformis cells. Based on a previous lipidomics study on amoeba Chaos and this study on the lipid composition of its food organisms, three key lipids (plasmalogen phosphatidylcholine, plasmalogen phosphatidylethanolamine and diacyl-phosphatidylinositol) were identified and used for liposomal construction. Our in vitro study revealed the potential role of these lipids in a nonlamellar phase transition. The negative staining transmission electron microscopy data of our liposomal constructs support the notion that plasmalogens may curve the membrane, which, in turn, may facilitate membrane fusion and vesicular formation, which is crucial for membrane dynamics and trafficking.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651702-4
ISSN	2211-5463 ; 2211-5463
ISSN (online)	2211-5463
ISSN	2211-5463
DOI	10.1002/2211-5463.13241
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Article: Plasmalogenic Lipid Analogs as Platelet-Activating Factor Antagonists: A Potential Novel Class of Anti-inflammatory Compounds.

Rong, Pu / Wang, Jie-Li / Angelova, Angelina / Almsherqi, Zakaria A / Deng, Yuru

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 859421

Abstract: Plasmalogens and Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) are both bioactive ether phospholipids. Whereas plasmalogens are recognized for their important antioxidant function and modulatory role in cell membrane structure and dynamics, PAF is a potent pro- ... ...

Abstract	Plasmalogens and Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) are both bioactive ether phospholipids. Whereas plasmalogens are recognized for their important antioxidant function and modulatory role in cell membrane structure and dynamics, PAF is a potent pro-inflammatory lipid mediator known to have messenger functions in cell signaling and inflammatory response. The relationship between these two types of lipids has been rarely studied in terms of their metabolic interconversion and reciprocal modulation of the pro-inflammation/anti-inflammation balance. The vinyl-ether bonded plasmalogen lipid can be the lipid sources for the precursor of the biosynthesis of ether-bonded PAF. In this opinion paper, we suggest a potential role of plasmalogenic analogs of PAF as modulators and PAF antagonists (anti-PAF). We discuss that the metabolic interconversion of these two lipid kinds may be explored towards the development of efficient preventive and relief strategies against PAF-mediated pro-inflammation. We propose that plasmalogen analogs, acting as anti-PAF, may be considered as a new class of bioactive anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite of the scarcity of available experimental data, the competition between PAF and its natural plasmalogenic analogs for binding to the PAF receptor (PAF-R) can be proposed as a mechanistic model and potential therapeutic perspective against multiple inflammatory diseases (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2737824-X
ISSN	2296-634X
ISSN	2296-634X
DOI	10.3389/fcell.2022.859421
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