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Article ; Online: Potentials of Low-Budget Microdrones

Marco Weißmann / Dennis Edler / Andreas Rienow

Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol

Processing 3D Point Clouds and Images for Representing Post-Industrial Landmarks in Immersive Virtual Environments

2022 Volume 9

Abstract: Post-industrial areas in Europe, such as the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan region in Germany, include cultural heritage sites fostering local and regional identities with the industrial past. Today, these landmarks are popular places of interest for visitors. ... ...

Abstract	Post-industrial areas in Europe, such as the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan region in Germany, include cultural heritage sites fostering local and regional identities with the industrial past. Today, these landmarks are popular places of interest for visitors. In addition to portable camera devices, low-budget ultra-lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles, such as micro quadcopter drones, are on their way to being established as mass photography equipment. This low-cost hardware is not only useful for recreational usage but also supports individualized remote sensing with optical images and facilitates the acquisition of 3D point clouds of the targeted object(s). Both data sets are valuable and accurate geospatial data resources for further processing of textured 3D models. To experience these 3D models in a timely way, these 3D visualizations can directly be imported into game engines. They can be extended with modern interaction techniques and additional (semantic) information. The visualization of the data can be explored in immersive virtual environments, which allows, for instance, urban planners to use low-cost microdrones to 3D map the human impact on the environment and preserve this status in a 3D model that can be analyzed and explored in following steps. A case example of the old wage hall of the Zeche “Bonifacius” (Essen, Germany) with its simple building structure showed that it is possible to generate a detailed and accurate 3D model based on the microdrone data. The point cloud which the 3D model of the old wage hall was based on represented partly better data accuracy than the point clouds derived from airborne laser scanning and offered by public agencies as open data. On average, the distance between the point clouds was 0.7 m, while the average distance between the airborne laser scanning point cloud and the 3D model was −0.02 m. Matching high-quality textures of the building facades brings in a new aspect of 3D data quality which can be adopted when creating immersive virtual environments using the ...
Keywords	microdrones ; UAV ; 3D mapping ; point clouds ; virtual reality ; Mechanical engineering and machinery ; TJ1-1570 ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Beeinflusst die räumliche Nähe das Wissen über den Aufbau und die Entstehung von Vulkanen? – Eine empirische Fallstudie an zwei Deutschen Schulen in Ecuador

Karl Heinz Otto / Theofilos Toulkeridis / Dennis Edler

Zeitschrift für Geographiedidaktik, Vol 48, Iss 3, Pp 101-

2020 Volume 118

Abstract: Ecuador ist weltweit das Land mit der größten Dichte an Hochrisikovulkanen. Wirkt sich dies auf das Wissen von Schülerinnen und Schülern über Vulkanismus aus? Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert Teilergebnisse einer umfassenden Gesamtstudie über das Wissen ... ...

Abstract	Ecuador ist weltweit das Land mit der größten Dichte an Hochrisikovulkanen. Wirkt sich dies auf das Wissen von Schülerinnen und Schülern über Vulkanismus aus? Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert Teilergebnisse einer umfassenden Gesamtstudie über das Wissen von Schülerinnen und Schülern aus Ecuador über den Aufbau und die Entstehung von Vulkanen/Vulkanismus. Es wurden Schülerinnen und Schüler der Jahrgangsstufe 6 an den Deutschen Schulen in Quito und Guayaquil befragt, die in der Schule noch keinen Unterricht über Vulkanismus hatten. Zusätzlich wurden auch Daten von Schülerinnen und Schülern der Jahrgangsstufe 12 durch Befragungen erhoben. Die Ergebnisse dieser Teilstudie deuten auf einen Einfluss des Schulstandortes (Nähe zu Hochrisikovulkanen) auf das Wissen über die Entstehung und den Aufbau von Vulkanen/Vulkanismus hin.
Keywords	schülerwissen ; vulkane/vulkanismus ; ecuador ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G
Subject code	370
Language	German
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Prof. Dr. Péter Bagoly-Simó
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effects of visual map complexity on the attentional processing of landmarks.

Julian Keil / Dennis Edler / Lars Kuchinke / Frank Dickmann

PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 3, p e

2020 Volume 0229575

Abstract: In the era of smartphones, route-planning and navigation is supported by freely and globally available web mapping services, such as OpenStreetMap or Google Maps. These services provide digital maps, as well as route planning functions that visually ... ...

Abstract	In the era of smartphones, route-planning and navigation is supported by freely and globally available web mapping services, such as OpenStreetMap or Google Maps. These services provide digital maps, as well as route planning functions that visually highlight the suggested route in the map. Additionally, such digital maps contain landmark pictograms, i.e. representations of salient objects in the environment. These landmark representations are, amongst other reference points, relevant for orientation, route memory, and the formation of a cognitive map of the environment. The amount of visible landmarks in maps used for navigation and route planning depends on the width of the displayed margin areas around the route. The amount of further reference points is based on the visual complexity of the map. This raises the question how factors like the distance of landmark representations to the route and visual map complexity determine the relevance of specific landmarks for memorizing a route. In order to answer this question, two experiments that investigated the relation between eye fixation patterns on landmark representations, landmark positions, route memory and visual map complexity were carried out. The results indicate that the attentional processing of landmark representations gradually decreases with an increasing distance to the route, decision points and potential decision points. Furthermore, this relation was found to be affected by the visual complexity of the map. In maps with low visual complexity, landmark representations further away from the route are fixated. However, route memory was not found to be affected by visual complexity of the map. We argue that map users might require a certain amount of reference points to form spatial relations as a foundation for a mental representation of space. As maps with low visual complexity offer less reference points, people need to scan a wider area. Therefore, visual complexity of the area displayed in a map should be considered in navigation-oriented map ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	401
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effects of Virtual Reality Locomotion Techniques on Distance Estimations

Julian Keil / Dennis Edler / Denise O’Meara / Annika Korte / Frank Dickmann

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 150, p

2021 Volume 150

Abstract: Mental representations of geographic space are based on knowledge of spatial elements and the spatial relation between these elements. Acquiring such mental representations of space requires assessing distances between pairs of spatial elements. In ... ...

Abstract	Mental representations of geographic space are based on knowledge of spatial elements and the spatial relation between these elements. Acquiring such mental representations of space requires assessing distances between pairs of spatial elements. In virtual reality (VR) applications, locomotion techniques based on real-world movement are constrained by the size of the available room and the used room scale tracking system. Therefore, many VR applications use additional locomotion techniques such as artificial locomotion (continuous forward movement) or teleporting (“jumping” from one location to another). These locomotion techniques move the user through virtual space based on controller input. However, it has not yet been investigated how different established controller-based locomotion techniques affect distance estimations in VR. In an experiment, we compared distance estimations between artificial locomotion and teleportation before and after a training phase. The results showed that distance estimations in both locomotion conditions improved after the training. Additionally, distance estimations were found to be more accurate when teleportation locomotion was used.
Keywords	virtual reality ; artificial locomotion ; smooth locomotion ; teleportation ; distance estimation ; spatial cognition ; Geography (General) ; G1-922
Subject code	004
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Reduction of Map Information Regulates Visual Attention without Affecting Route Recognition Performance

Julian Keil / Franz-Benjamin Mocnik / Dennis Edler / Frank Dickmann / Lars Kuchinke

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 7, Iss 12, p

2018 Volume 469

Abstract: Map-based navigation is a diverse task that stands in contradiction to the goal of completeness of web mapping services. As each navigation task is different, it also requires and can dispense with different map information to support effective and ... ...

Abstract	Map-based navigation is a diverse task that stands in contradiction to the goal of completeness of web mapping services. As each navigation task is different, it also requires and can dispense with different map information to support effective and efficient wayfinding. Task-oriented reduction of the elements displayed in a map may therefore support navigation. In order to investigate effects of map reduction on route recognition and visual attention towards specific map elements, we created maps in which areas offside an inserted route were displayed as transparent. In a route memory experiment, where participants had to memorize routes and match them to routes displayed in following stimuli, these maps were compared to unmodified maps. Eye movement analyses revealed that in the reduced maps, areas offside the route were fixated less often. Route recognition performance was not affected by the map reduction. Our results indicate that task-oriented map reduction may direct visual attention towards relevant map elements at no cost for route recognition.
Keywords	cognitive cartography ; empirical cartography ; spatial cognition ; volunteered geographic information ; landmarks ; map pictograms ; route memory ; recognition ; story telling ; Geography (General) ; G1-922
Subject code	516 ; 150
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Approaching the Acoustic Dimension in Cartographic Theory and Practice

Dennis Edler / Nils Lammert-Siepmann

Meta-Carto-Semiotics, Vol 3, Pp 1-

An Example of Mapping Estonia(n)

2010 Volume 15

Abstract: The opportunity to integrate the acoustic dimension into multimedia cartographic products bears a high potential for the creation of appropriate teaching and learning materials. For the study of linguistic features in the Estonian language – especially ... ...

Abstract	The opportunity to integrate the acoustic dimension into multimedia cartographic products bears a high potential for the creation of appropriate teaching and learning materials. For the study of linguistic features in the Estonian language – especially grammatical aspects – an audio-visual e-learning application, which is based on the technical means of Adobe® Flash®, was created in the Geography Department at the Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany. The communication system of this tutorial is especially focused on some features of the acoustic dimension. Using references from various academic disciplines, this paper comprises three main objectives: the presentation of the application’s didactic concept, the description of the functionalities and correlations of the visual and acoustic dimension within the communication system and, finally, the disclosure of a catalogue of study questions that came up during the application’s planning, implementation and reflection phase. These possible questions for future research on cartosemiotics and theoretical cartography are mainly related to the, by now, scientifically unheeded acoustic dimension within the framework of the communication system of polysensory cartographic representations.
Keywords	theoretical cartography ; grammapping ; multimedia cartography ; cartographic communication ; e-learning ; Estonian ; Mathematical geography. Cartography ; GA1-1776 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; DOAJ:Geography ; DOAJ:Earth and Environmental Sciences
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Meta-Carto-Semiotics
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: True-3D accentuating of grids and streets in urban topographic maps enhances human object location memory.

Dennis Edler / Anne-Kathrin Bestgen / Lars Kuchinke / Frank Dickmann

PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 2, p e

2015 Volume 0116959

Abstract: Cognitive representations of learned map information are subject to systematic distortion errors. Map elements that divide a map surface into regions, such as content-related linear symbols (e.g. streets, rivers, railway systems) or additional artificial ...

Abstract	Cognitive representations of learned map information are subject to systematic distortion errors. Map elements that divide a map surface into regions, such as content-related linear symbols (e.g. streets, rivers, railway systems) or additional artificial layers (coordinate grids), provide an orientation pattern that can help users to reduce distortions in their mental representations. In recent years, the television industry has started to establish True-3D (autostereoscopic) displays as mass media. These modern displays make it possible to watch dynamic and static images including depth illusions without additional devices, such as 3D glasses. In these images, visual details can be distributed over different positions along the depth axis. Some empirical studies of vision research provided first evidence that 3D stereoscopic content attracts higher attention and is processed faster. So far, the impact of True-3D accentuating has not yet been explored concerning spatial memory tasks and cartography. This paper reports the results of two empirical studies that focus on investigations whether True-3D accentuating of artificial, regular overlaying line features (i.e. grids) and content-related, irregular line features (i.e. highways and main streets) in official urban topographic maps (scale 1/10,000) further improves human object location memory performance. The memory performance is measured as both the percentage of correctly recalled object locations (hit rate) and the mean distances of correctly recalled objects (spatial accuracy). It is shown that the True-3D accentuating of grids (depth offset: 5 cm) significantly enhances the spatial accuracy of recalled map object locations, whereas the True-3D emphasis of streets significantly improves the hit rate of recalled map object locations. These results show the potential of True-3D displays for an improvement of the cognitive representation of learned cartographic information.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	121
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Audiovisual communication of object-names improves the spatial accuracy of recalled object-locations in topographic maps.

Nils Lammert-Siepmann / Anne-Kathrin Bestgen / Dennis Edler / Lars Kuchinke / Frank Dickmann

PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 10, p e

2017 Volume 0186065

Abstract: Knowing the correct location of a specific object learned from a (topographic) map is fundamental for orientation and navigation tasks. Spatial reference systems, such as coordinates or cardinal directions, are helpful tools for any geometric ... ...

Abstract	Knowing the correct location of a specific object learned from a (topographic) map is fundamental for orientation and navigation tasks. Spatial reference systems, such as coordinates or cardinal directions, are helpful tools for any geometric localization of positions that aims to be as exact as possible. Considering modern visualization techniques of multimedia cartography, map elements transferred through the auditory channel can be added easily. Audiovisual approaches have been discussed in the cartographic community for many years. However, the effectiveness of audiovisual map elements for map use has hardly been explored so far. Within an interdisciplinary (cartography-cognitive psychology) research project, it is examined whether map users remember object-locations better if they do not just read the corresponding place names, but also listen to them as voice recordings. This approach is based on the idea that learning object-identities influences learning object-locations, which is crucial for map-reading tasks. The results of an empirical study show that the additional auditory communication of object names not only improves memory for the names (object-identities), but also for the spatial accuracy of their corresponding object-locations. The audiovisual communication of semantic attribute information of a spatial object seems to improve the binding of object-identity and object-location, which enhances the spatial accuracy of object-location memory.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	004
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Grids in topographic maps reduce distortions in the recall of learned object locations.

Dennis Edler / Anne-Kathrin Bestgen / Lars Kuchinke / Frank Dickmann

PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 5, p e

2014 Volume 98148

Abstract: To date, it has been shown that cognitive map representations based on cartographic visualisations are systematically distorted. The grid is a traditional element of map graphics that has rarely been considered in research on perception-based spatial ... ...

Abstract	To date, it has been shown that cognitive map representations based on cartographic visualisations are systematically distorted. The grid is a traditional element of map graphics that has rarely been considered in research on perception-based spatial distortions. Grids do not only support the map reader in finding coordinates or locations of objects, they also provide a systematic structure for clustering visual map information ("spatial chunks"). The aim of this study was to examine whether different cartographic kinds of grids reduce spatial distortions and improve recall memory for object locations. Recall performance was measured as both the percentage of correctly recalled objects (hit rate) and the mean distance errors of correctly recalled objects (spatial accuracy). Different kinds of grids (continuous lines, dashed lines, crosses) were applied to topographic maps. These maps were also varied in their type of characteristic areas (LANDSCAPE) and different information layer compositions (DENSITY) to examine the effects of map complexity. The study involving 144 participants shows that all experimental cartographic factors (GRID, LANDSCAPE, DENSITY) improve recall performance and spatial accuracy of learned object locations. Overlaying a topographic map with a grid significantly reduces the mean distance errors of correctly recalled map objects. The paper includes a discussion of a square grid's usefulness concerning object location memory, independent of whether the grid is clearly visible (continuous or dashed lines) or only indicated by crosses.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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