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Article: A global systematic review of frugivorous animal tracking studies and the estimation of seed dispersal distances.

Fell, Adam / Silva, Thiago / Duthie, A Bradley / Dent, Daisy

2023 Volume 13, Issue 11, Page(s) e10638

Abstract: Seed dispersal is one of the most important ecosystem functions globally. It shapes plant populations, enhances forest succession, and has multiple, indirect benefits for humans, yet it is one of the most threatened processes in plant regeneration, ... ...

Abstract	Seed dispersal is one of the most important ecosystem functions globally. It shapes plant populations, enhances forest succession, and has multiple, indirect benefits for humans, yet it is one of the most threatened processes in plant regeneration, worldwide. Seed dispersal distances are determined by the diets, seed retention times and movements of frugivorous animals. Hence, understanding how we can most effectively describe frugivore movement and behaviour with rapidly developing animal tracking technology is key to quantifying seed dispersal. To assess the current use of animal tracking in frugivory studies and to provide a baseline for future studies, we provide a comprehensive review and synthesis on the existing primary literature of global tracking studies that monitor movement of frugivorous animals. Specifically, we identify studies that estimate dispersal distances and how they vary with body mass and environmental traits. We show that over the last two decades there has been a large increase in frugivore tracking studies that determine seed dispersal distances. However, some taxa (e.g. reptiles) and geographic locations (e.g. Africa and Central Asia) are poorly studied. Furthermore, we found that certain morphological and environmental traits can be used to predict seed dispersal distances. We demonstrate that flight ability and increased body mass both significantly increase estimated seed dispersal mean and maximum distances. Our results also suggest that protected areas have a positive effect on mean seed dispersal distances when compared to unprotected areas. We anticipate that this review will act as a reference for future frugivore tracking studies, specifically to target current taxonomic and geographic data gaps, and to further explore how seed dispersal relates to key frugivore and fruit traits.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.10638
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Article ; Online: Incomplete recovery of tree community composition and rare species after 120 years of tropical forest succession in Panama

Elsy, Alexander D. / Pfeifer, Marion / Jones, Isabel L. / DeWalt, Saara J. / Lopez, Omar R. / Dent, Daisy H.

Biotropica. 2024 Jan., v. 56, no. 1 p.36-49

2024

Abstract: Determining how fully tropical forests regenerating on abandoned land recover characteristics of old‐growth forests is increasingly important for understanding their role in conserving rare species and maintaining ecosystem services. Despite this, our ... ...

Abstract	Determining how fully tropical forests regenerating on abandoned land recover characteristics of old‐growth forests is increasingly important for understanding their role in conserving rare species and maintaining ecosystem services. Despite this, our understanding of forest structure and community composition recovery throughout succession is incomplete, as many tropical chronosequences do not extend beyond the first 50 years of succession. Here, we examined trajectories of forest recovery across eight 1‐hectare plots in middle and later stages of forest succession (40–120 years) and five 1‐hectare old‐growth plots, in the Barro Colorado Nature Monument (BCNM), Panama. We first verified that forest age had a greater effect than edaphic or topographic variation on forest structure, diversity and composition and then corroborated results from smaller plots censused 20 years previously. Tree species diversity (but not species richness) and forest structure had fully recovered to old‐growth levels by 40 and 90 years, respectively. However, rare species were missing, and old‐growth specialists were in low abundance, in the mid‐ and late secondary forest plots, leading to incomplete recovery of species composition even by 120 years into succession. We also found evidence that dominance early in succession by a long‐lived pioneer led to altered forest structure and delayed recovery of species diversity and composition well past a century after land abandonment. Our results illustrate the critical importance of old‐growth and old secondary forests for biodiversity conservation, given that recovery of community composition may take several centuries, particularly when a long‐lived pioneer dominates in early succession. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Keywords	abandoned land ; biodiversity conservation ; community structure ; ecosystems ; forest succession ; monuments ; rare species ; secondary forests ; species richness ; topography ; trees ; tropical forests ; Panama
Language	English
Dates of publication	2024-01
Size	p. 36-49.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2052061-X
ISSN	1744-7429 ; 0006-3606
ISSN (online)	1744-7429
ISSN	0006-3606
DOI	10.1111/btp.13275
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Article: Uniting niche differentiation and dispersal limitation predicts tropical forest succession

Dent, Daisy H / Estrada-Villegas, Sergio

Trends in ecology & evolution. 2021,

2021

Abstract: Tropical secondary forests are increasingly important for carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation worldwide; yet, we still cannot accurately predict community turnover during secondary succession. We propose that integrating niche ... ...

Abstract	Tropical secondary forests are increasingly important for carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation worldwide; yet, we still cannot accurately predict community turnover during secondary succession. We propose that integrating niche differentiation and dispersal limitation will generate an improved theoretical explanation of tropical forest succession. The interaction between seed sources and dispersers regulates seed movement throughout succession, and recent technological advances in animal tracking and molecular analyses enable us to accurately monitor seed movement as never before. We propose a framework to bridge the gap between niche differentiation and dispersal limitation. The Source-Disperser Limitation Framework (SDLF) provides a way to better predict secondary tropical forest succession across gradients of landscape disturbance by integrating seed sources and frugivore behavior.
Keywords	animals ; biodiversity conservation ; carbon sequestration ; ecological differentiation ; evolution ; forest succession ; frugivores ; landscapes ; secondary succession ; tropical forests
Language	English
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	284965-3
ISSN	1872-8383 ; 0169-5347
ISSN (online)	1872-8383
ISSN	0169-5347
DOI	10.1016/j.tree.2021.04.001
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Article ; Online: Uniting niche differentiation and dispersal limitation predicts tropical forest succession.

Dent, Daisy H / Estrada-Villegas, Sergio

Trends in ecology & evolution

2021 Volume 36, Issue 8, Page(s) 700–708

Abstract	Tropical secondary forests are increasingly important for carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation worldwide; yet, we still cannot accurately predict community turnover during secondary succession. We propose that integrating niche differentiation and dispersal limitation will generate an improved theoretical explanation of tropical forest succession. The interaction between seed sources and dispersers regulates seed movement throughout succession, and recent technological advances in animal tracking and molecular analyses enable us to accurately monitor seed movement as never before. We propose a framework to bridge the gap between niche differentiation and dispersal limitation. The Source-Disperser Limitation Framework (SDLF) provides a way to better predict secondary tropical forest succession across gradients of landscape disturbance by integrating seed sources and frugivore behavior.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Forests ; Seed Dispersal ; Seeds ; Trees ; Tropical Climate
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	284965-3
ISSN	1872-8383 ; 0169-5347
ISSN (online)	1872-8383
ISSN	0169-5347
DOI	10.1016/j.tree.2021.04.001
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Article ; Online: Soil carbon storage is related to tree functional composition in naturally regenerating tropical forests

Wallwork, Abby / Banin, Lindsay / Dent, Daisy H. / Skiba, Ute / Sayer, Emma

Functional Ecology. 2022 Dec., v. 36, no. 12 p.3175-3187

2022

Abstract: Regenerating tropical forests are increasingly important for their role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon stocks in above‐ground biomass can recover to old‐growth forest levels within 60–100 years. However, more than half of all carbon in tropical ... ...

Abstract	Regenerating tropical forests are increasingly important for their role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon stocks in above‐ground biomass can recover to old‐growth forest levels within 60–100 years. However, more than half of all carbon in tropical forests is stored below‐ground, and our understanding of carbon storage in soils during tropical forest recovery is limited. Importantly, soil carbon accumulation does not necessarily reflect patterns in above‐ground biomass carbon accrual during secondary forest succession, and factors related to past land use, species composition and soil characteristics may influence soil carbon storage during forest regrowth. Using tree census data and a measure of tree community shade tolerance (species‐specific light response values), we assessed the relationship between soil organic carbon stocks and tree functional groups during secondary succession along a chronosequence of 40‐ to 120‐year‐old naturally regenerating secondary forest and old‐growth tropical forest stands in Panama. While previous studies found no evidence for increasing soil C storage with secondary forest age, we found a strong relationship between tree functional composition and soil carbon stocks at 0–10 cm depth, whereby carbon stocks increased with the relative influence of light‐demanding tree species. Light demanding trees had higher leaf nitrogen but lower leaf density than shade‐tolerant trees, suggesting that rapid decomposition of nutrient‐rich plant material in forests with a higher proportion of light‐demanding species results in greater accumulation of carbon in the surface layer of soils. Synthesis. We propose that soil carbon storage in secondary tropical forests is more strongly linked to tree functional composition than forest age, and that the persistence of long‐lived pioneer trees could enhance soil carbon storage as forests age. Considering shifts in tree functional groups could improve estimates of carbon sequestration potential for climate change mitigation by tropical forest regrowth. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Keywords	aboveground biomass ; carbon sequestration ; census data ; chronosequences ; climate change ; forest succession ; global carbon budget ; land use ; leaf density ; leaves ; nitrogen ; old-growth forests ; reforestation ; secondary forests ; secondary succession ; shade tolerance ; soil ; soil organic carbon ; species diversity ; trees ; tropical forests ; Panama
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 3175-3187.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2020307-X
ISSN	1365-2435 ; 0269-8463
ISSN (online)	1365-2435
ISSN	0269-8463
DOI	10.1111/1365-2435.14221
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Article: Soil carbon storage is related to tree functional composition in naturally regenerating tropical forests.

Wallwork, Abby / Banin, Lindsay F / Dent, Daisy H / Skiba, Ute / Sayer, Emma

Functional ecology

2022 Volume 36, Issue 12, Page(s) 3175–3187

Abstract: Regenerating tropical forests are increasingly important for their role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon stocks in above-ground biomass can recover to old-growth forest levels within 60-100 years. However, more than half of all carbon in tropical ... ...

Abstract	Regenerating tropical forests are increasingly important for their role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon stocks in above-ground biomass can recover to old-growth forest levels within 60-100 years. However, more than half of all carbon in tropical forests is stored below-ground, and our understanding of carbon storage in soils during tropical forest recovery is limited.Importantly, soil carbon accumulation does not necessarily reflect patterns in above-ground biomass carbon accrual during secondary forest succession, and factors related to past land use, species composition and soil characteristics may influence soil carbon storage during forest regrowth.Using tree census data and a measure of tree community shade tolerance (species-specific light response values), we assessed the relationship between soil organic carbon stocks and tree functional groups during secondary succession along a chronosequence of 40- to 120-year-old naturally regenerating secondary forest and old-growth tropical forest stands in Panama.While previous studies found no evidence for increasing soil C storage with secondary forest age, we found a strong relationship between tree functional composition and soil carbon stocks at 0-10 cm depth, whereby carbon stocks increased with the relative influence of light-demanding tree species. Light demanding trees had higher leaf nitrogen but lower leaf density than shade-tolerant trees, suggesting that rapid decomposition of nutrient-rich plant material in forests with a higher proportion of light-demanding species results in greater accumulation of carbon in the surface layer of soils.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020307-X
ISSN	1365-2435 ; 0269-8463
ISSN (online)	1365-2435
ISSN	0269-8463
DOI	10.1111/1365-2435.14221
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Article: Incomplete recovery of tree community composition and rare species after 120 years of tropical forest succession in Panama.

Elsy, Alexander D / Pfeifer, Marion / Jones, Isabel L / DeWalt, Saara J / Lopez, Omar R / Dent, Daisy H

Biotropica

2023 Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 36–49

Abstract: Determining how fully tropical forests regenerating on abandoned land recover characteristics of old-growth forests is increasingly important for understanding their role in conserving rare species and maintaining ecosystem services. Despite this, our ... ...

Abstract	Determining how fully tropical forests regenerating on abandoned land recover characteristics of old-growth forests is increasingly important for understanding their role in conserving rare species and maintaining ecosystem services. Despite this, our understanding of forest structure and community composition recovery throughout succession is incomplete, as many tropical chronosequences do not extend beyond the first 50 years of succession. Here, we examined trajectories of forest recovery across eight 1-hectare plots in middle and later stages of forest succession (40-120 years) and five 1-hectare old-growth plots, in the Barro Colorado Nature Monument (BCNM), Panama. We first verified that forest age had a greater effect than edaphic or topographic variation on forest structure, diversity and composition and then corroborated results from smaller plots censused 20 years previously. Tree species diversity (but not species richness) and forest structure had fully recovered to old-growth levels by 40 and 90 years, respectively. However, rare species were missing, and old-growth specialists were in low abundance, in the mid- and late secondary forest plots, leading to incomplete recovery of species composition even by 120 years into succession. We also found evidence that dominance early in succession by a long-lived pioneer led to altered forest structure and delayed recovery of species diversity and composition well past a century after land abandonment. Our results illustrate the critical importance of old-growth and old secondary forests for biodiversity conservation, given that recovery of community composition may take several centuries, particularly when a long-lived pioneer dominates in early succession. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052061-X
ISSN	1744-7429 ; 0006-3606
ISSN (online)	1744-7429
ISSN	0006-3606
DOI	10.1111/btp.13275
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Article ; Online: Bornean tropical forests recovering from logging at risk of regeneration failure.

Bartholomew, David C / Hayward, Robin / Burslem, David F R P / Bittencourt, Paulo R L / Chapman, Daniel / Bin Suis, Mohd Aminur Faiz / Nilus, Reuben / O'Brien, Michael J / Reynolds, Glen / Rowland, Lucy / Banin, Lindsay F / Dent, Daisy

Global change biology

2024 Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) e17209

Abstract: Active restoration through silvicultural treatments (enrichment planting, cutting climbers and liberation thinning) is considered an important intervention in logged forests. However, its ability to enhance regeneration is key for long-term recovery of ... ...

Abstract	Active restoration through silvicultural treatments (enrichment planting, cutting climbers and liberation thinning) is considered an important intervention in logged forests. However, its ability to enhance regeneration is key for long-term recovery of logged forests, which remains poorly understood, particularly for the production and survival of seedlings in subsequent generations. To understand the long-term impacts of logging and restoration we tracked the diversity, survival and traits of seedlings that germinated immediately after a mast fruiting in North Borneo in unlogged and logged forests 30-35 years after logging. We monitored 5119 seedlings from germination for ~1.5 years across a mixed landscape of unlogged forests (ULs), naturally regenerating logged forests (NR) and actively restored logged forests via rehabilitative silvicultural treatments (AR), 15-27 years after restoration. We measured 14 leaf, root and biomass allocation traits on 399 seedlings from 15 species. Soon after fruiting, UL and AR forests had higher seedling densities than NR forest, but survival was the lowest in AR forests in the first 6 months. Community composition differed among forest types; AR and NR forests had lower species richness and lower evenness than UL forests by 5-6 months post-mast but did not differ between them. Differences in community composition altered community-weighted mean trait values across forest types, with higher root biomass allocation in NR relative to UL forest. Traits influenced mortality ~3 months post-mast, with more acquisitive traits and relative aboveground investment favoured in AR forests relative to UL forests. Our findings of reduced seedling survival and diversity suggest long time lags in post-logging recruitment, particularly for some taxa. Active restoration of logged forests recovers initial seedling production, but elevated mortality in AR forests lowers the efficacy of active restoration to enhance recruitment or diversity of seedling communities. This suggests current active restoration practices may fail to overcome barriers to regeneration in logged forests, which may drive long-term changes in future forest plant communities.
MeSH term(s)	Trees ; Forestry ; Forests ; Seedlings ; Germination ; Tropical Climate
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.17209
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Article: Canopy bird assemblages are less influenced by habitat age and isolation than understory bird assemblages in Neotropical secondary forest.

Bradfer-Lawrence, Tom / Gardner, Nick / Dent, Daisy H

Ecology and evolution

2018 Volume 8, Issue 11, Page(s) 5586–5597

Abstract: Secondary forest habitats are increasingly recognized for their potential to conserve biodiversity in the tropics. However, the development of faunal assemblages in secondary forest systems varies according to habitat quality and species-specific traits. ...

Abstract	Secondary forest habitats are increasingly recognized for their potential to conserve biodiversity in the tropics. However, the development of faunal assemblages in secondary forest systems varies according to habitat quality and species-specific traits. In this study, we predicted that the recovery of bird assemblages is dependent on secondary forest age and level of isolation, the forest stratum examined, and the species' traits of feeding guild and body mass. This study was undertaken in secondary forests in central Panama; spanning a chronosequence of 60-, 90-, and 120-year-old forests, and in neighboring old-growth forest. To give equal attention to all forest strata, we employed a novel method that paired simultaneous surveys in canopy and understory. This survey method provides a more nuanced picture than ground-based studies, which are biased toward understory assemblages. Bird reassembly varied according to both habitat age and isolation, although it was challenging to separate these effects, as the older sites were also more isolated than the younger sites. In combination, habitat age and isolation impacted understory birds more than canopy-dwelling birds. Proportions of dietary guilds did not vary with habitat age, but were significantly different between strata. Body mass distributions were similar across forest ages for small-bodied birds, but older forest supported more large-bodied birds, probably due to control of poaching at these sites. Canopy assemblages were characterized by higher species richness, and greater variation in both dietary breadth and body mass, relative to understory assemblages. The results highlight that secondary forests may offer critical refugia for many bird species, particularly specialist canopy-dwellers. However, understory bird species may be less able to adapt to novel and isolated habitats and should be the focus of conservation efforts encouraging bird colonization of secondary forests.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.4086
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Article: Rapid assessment of avian species richness and abundance using acoustic indices

Bradfer-Lawrence, Tom / Bunnefeld, Nils / Gardner, Nick / Willis, Stephen G / Dent, Daisy H

Ecological indicators. 2020 Aug., v. 115

2020

Abstract: Accelerating global shifts in climate and land use change are altering natural habitats and species assemblages, making management interventions crucial to halt the biodiversity crisis. Management decisions must be informed by accurate biodiversity ... ...

Abstract	Accelerating global shifts in climate and land use change are altering natural habitats and species assemblages, making management interventions crucial to halt the biodiversity crisis. Management decisions must be informed by accurate biodiversity assessments. However, such assessments are often time consuming, expensive, and require specialist knowledge. Monitoring environmental sound may offer a novel method for rapid biodiversity assessment. Changes in species assemblages at a given location are reflected in the site’s acoustic energy, termed the soundscape. Soundscapes can be readily described using acoustic indices; metrics based on objective features of recordings such as pitch and amplitude. Changes in acoustic indices values may therefore reflect changes in species assemblages, alerting land managers to shifts in wildlife populations. However, thus far, evidence supporting the use of acoustic indices in biodiversity monitoring has been equivocal. Here, we test the practical application of acoustic indices for biodiversity monitoring while solving methodological issues and providing conceptual clarity.Using 84 h of audio recordings covering 315 dawns from 43 sites, coupled with bird assemblage and vegetation data collected in the field, we demonstrate strong relationships between acoustic indices and avian species richness and abundance. In contrast with many previous studies, we found that sites with high bird species-richness and abundance had less even soundscapes (i.e. acoustic energy was less evenly distributed among frequencies) compared with sites with low species richness and abundance. Crucially, these patterns were coherent across multiple acoustic indices, and across habitat types, emphasising their utility for monitoring. Acoustic indices sensitive to the frequencies at which birds sing are most useful for monitoring avian communities; the Acoustic Evenness Index, Biophony Index, and the biophony component of the Normalised Difference Soundscape Index exhibited the strongest relationship with species richness. Land managers can use acoustic indices for biodiversity monitoring, complementing other, more established, assessment methods.
Keywords	acoustics ; birds ; climate ; energy ; habitats ; land use change ; rapid methods ; species richness ; vegetation ; wildlife
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-08
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2036774-0
ISSN	1872-7034 ; 1470-160X
ISSN (online)	1872-7034
ISSN	1470-160X
DOI	10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106400
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